氯化钾镀锌控制方法的研究

根据电沉积理论和金属镀锌阴，阳极极化行为的分析，采用恒槽压法控制金属镀锌，与恒电流控制比较，其镀层质量明显优于恒电流法控制的镀层。     

从炉灰、酸泥中回收并提取高纯铂、钯的工艺实验

通过对3批试料的生产实验,介绍了从炉灰、酸泥中回收和提取高纯铂、钯的工艺流程.实验过程中,经酸浸、置换、离子交换分离大部分杂质元素,再调整铂、钯化合价态,用氯化铵沉淀铂从而达到铂、钯的有效分离.实践证明,该工艺流程简单,实用性强,分离效果好,回收率高,产品质量稳定.     

从炉灰中回收和提纯Pt、Pd

结合生产实践的成功经验,介绍了从炉灰中回收和提纯Pt 、Pd的工艺流程,包括焚烧、溶解、分离、提纯、焙烧等工序。由该流程进行回收,Pt和Pd的回收率均>98.5%,纯度>99.95%。实践证明,该工艺路线简单实用,成本低,经济效益显著,值得推广。     

氢气还原-ICP-AES法测定化工炉灰中的铑含量

贵金属合金催化网在使用过程中产生含铑的化工炉灰中含有贵金属,具有较高的回收价值。由于其含有有机物及氧化态铑样品难以消解。本文采用灼烧后氢气还原,盐酸-过氧化氢溶液密闭消解,所得溶液使用ICP-AES测定。结果表明,测定铑含量为0.01%～5.0%的化工炉灰,相对标准偏差(RSD)<2%(n=7),加标回收率为95.50%～104.46%,测定结果与管理样名义值吻合,能够满足回收过程中贸易的分析要求。     

氯化钾转化地面的腐蚀与防护

分析了氯化钾低温转化法生产硫基NPK复合肥转化地面的腐蚀机理，并提出了相应的防护措施。     

氯化钾镀锌提高抗蚀性及抗变色性的研究

研究了氯化钾镀锌低铬彩色钝化的抗蚀及抗变色机理,提出采用偶联剂对印化后的锌层进行封闭的方法提高抗蚀及抗变色性。     

氯化钾镀锌生产过程中应注意的几个问题

文章对氯化钾镀锌生产过程中槽液中铁离子增多的处理、氯化锌含量和镀锌的pH值的控制、镀液补加氯化钾的工艺和阳极锌板阴阳极面积的控制等进行了总结。     

氯化钾镀锌液浮油、混浊原因及预防

介绍氯化钾镀锌液常见的浮油、混浊的产生原因及其预防和解决方法。关键是要把握光亮剂的使用、操作及维护管理。     

新一代氯化钾镀锌添加剂LAN-930

氯化钾镀锌作为取代氰化镀锌的较成功工艺之一,得到广泛应用。经30多年应用,越来越多的应用者逐渐认识到传统氯化钾镀锌工艺存在几大难题难以攻克：     

氯化钾镀锌层发雾故障原因

氯化钾镀锌发花、发雾是一个常见故障,列出了产生故障的因素,分析了产生故障的原因,并提出了处理建议。     

Optimization of operating parameters and kinetics for chloride leaching of lead from melting furnace slag

The feasibility and kinetics of lead recovery from the slag of traditional lead melting furnace using chloride leaching were investigated. The effects of operating parameters such as leaching time, NaCl concentration, FeCl₃ concentration, liquid/solid ratio, stirring rate, temperature, and particle size on recovery of lead were studied and the optimization was done through the response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) model. The optimum conditions were achieved as follows: leaching time 60 min, 80 °C, stirring rate 800 r/min, NaCl concentration 200 g/L, FeCl₃ concentration 80 g/L, liquid/solid ratio 16, and particle size less than 106 μm. More than 96% of lead was effectively recovered in optimum condition. Based on analysis of variance, the reaction temperature, liquid/solid ratio, and NaCl concentration were determined as the most effective parameters on leaching process, respectively. Kinetics study revealed that chloride leaching of galena is a first-order reaction and the diffusion through solid reaction product and chemical reaction control the mechanism. The activation energy of chloride leaching of galena was determined using Arrhenius model as 27.9 kJ/mol.     

粉煤灰中提取氧化铝研究新进展

阐述了电厂废弃物粉煤灰提取氧化铝的重要意义,介绍了粉煤灰的物理化学性质以及从粉煤灰中提取氧化铝的最新进展,分析了各种新工艺的优点及不足.     

碱溶法提取粉煤灰中的氧化硅

探讨了常压下高浓度NaOH溶浸粉煤灰提取SiO2过程中粉煤灰粒度、溶浸时间、NaOH初始浓度、液固比、反应温度等因素对SiO2溶出率的影响。结果表明,机械研磨后的粉煤灰在碱浓度为17.5mol.L-1、液固比1.5及130℃溶浸时,反应时间5min~10min内,可使SiO2的溶出率达到72%。提硅后粉煤灰的铝硅比达到3,从而满足石灰烧结法制备Al2O3的要求。用此法处理粉煤灰提硅,具有节能降耗的优点,为粉煤灰的开发利用开辟了一条新途径。     

加装锌灰过滤系统的炉鼻子流场模拟计算

热镀锌过程中,炉鼻子内需通入加湿气体以抑制锌液面处锌灰的产生。安装在炉鼻子外部的锌灰循环过滤系统可以有效过滤锌灰,防止锌灰聚集,避免造成带钢表面缺陷。为了科学合理地设计炉鼻子外部锌灰循环过滤系统,采用计算流体力学方法对炉鼻子内部流场进行了模拟计算,研究了炉鼻子开启锌灰过滤系统后其保护气流场、锌灰捕集效率、水蒸气含量等参数的变化规律,得出了炉鼻子锌灰过滤系统抽气口高度和抽气量的最佳参数组合。经实际使用验证,改善锌灰缺陷效果显著,为炉鼻子锌灰过滤系统的设计、安装和调试提供了技术支持。     

Corrosion of carbon steel underneath a lead/potassium chloride salt mixture

High amounts of lead in waste/recycled wood fuel are known to be a contributing factor to the increased corrosion often related to this type of fuel. In combination with potassium, usually present in the fuel, low‐melting point salt mixtures between lead chloride (PbCl ₂) and potassium chloride (KCl) are expected to form. The purpose of this study is to investigate reactions in the mixed salt of PbCl ₂ and KCl and its interactions with carbon steel P265GH and its oxide. Laboratory exposures were performed in an isothermal tube furnace with a salt mixture of PbCl ₂/KCl (50/50 mol%) put on steel samples. The test duration was 24 hr at either 300°C or 340°C in an atmosphere of 100 ppm HCl and 20 vol% H ₂O in synthetic air. After exposure, the salt mixture consists of distinct areas of KCl and PbCl ₂ but also the compounds K ₂PbCl ₄ and KPb ₂Cl ₅. A general observation is that the oxide thickness increases with temperature and that areas with Pb/K‐mixed salt are frequently found in close connection to more corroded areas. Often the more lead‐rich phase KPb ₂Cl ₅ is located closest to the corrosion product indicating its importance for the corrosion.     

铁矿粉烧结电除尘灰中氯化钾的赋存形态及其水浸动力学分析

为分析氯化钾从烧结电除尘灰中水浸出速率及浸出动力学,使用扫描电镜-线扫描分析氯化钾在烧结电除尘灰中的赋存状态及其与其它颗粒之间的赋存关系。实验发现烧结电除尘的平均粒径小于10μm,大多以团聚形式存在;氯化钾和氯化钠颗粒在烧结电除尘中的部分表面与其它粉尘颗粒如铁氧化物、钙镁化合物等有粘附连接。氯化钾在烧结电除尘中的存在形式表明其水浸出过程可视为可溶水的物质的溶解过程。借助于在线电导率测量手段分析烧结电除尘灰的水浸动力学。结果证明该粉尘的水浸过程符合扩散控制的溶解过程模型。浸出平衡在5min之内即可达到,同时氯化钾的浸出率达到 95%以上。     

Corrosion rate and corrosion product characterisation using Raman spectroscopy for steel embedded in chloride polluted fly ash mortar

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarisation curves assisted by Raman spectroscopy were used to study the corrosion behaviour and to characterise the corrosion products of reinforcing steel embedded in fly ash mortars with and without chloride pollution. Two alkaline solutions with different soluble silica contents were utilised to activate the fly ash. After 720 days of experimentation the reinforcing steel embedded in fly ash mortar without chlorides remained passive, while the specimens in fly ash polluted with chloride ions (0.4 and 2%) yielded current density values of the order of 2 × 10^?5 A/cm², typical of an active state. The main corrosion products identified on the steel surface were less crystallised phases of iron oxyhydroxide hydrates and goethite (α‐FeOOH) or lepidocrocite (γ‐FeOOH).     

Recovering germanium from coal ash by chlorination with ammonium chloride

A new process of enriching germanium from coal ash was developed.The process involves in mixing the coal ash and ammonium chloride and then roasting the mixture to produce germanium chloride that is then absorbed by dilute hydrochloric acid and hydrolyzed to germanium oxide.The germanium recovery reached to 80.2% at the optimum condition:mass ratio of NH4Cl/coal ash is 0.15,roasting temperature 400℃ and roasting time 90min.     

枸橼酸钾粒剂对低钾血症患者电解质的影响

目的 比较研究低钾血症患者口服枸橼酸钾颗粒剂及10%氣化钾口服液后血电解质水平变 化。方法 低钾血症患者随机分为枸橼酸钾颗拉剂组及氣化钾组, 每组100例, 分别口服枸蛛 5交钾颗轾剂, 2包/次（相当于2g氣化钾含钾量）, 每日3次, 及10%氣化钾口服液20 ml, 每日3次, 应用6天, 余治疗相似。用药第4及第6天空腹抽血测定血生化指标。结果 枸橼醆钾颗粒剂具有良好的补钾效果, 对低钾血症患者用药3天及6天可使血清钾分别上升0. 65mmol/L及1. 05mmol/L, 其补钾疗效优于10%氣化钾口服液。枸橼酸钾颗粒剂不良反应少且轻微, 明显优于10%氣化钾口服液。结论 枸轉醆钾颗粒剂补钾疗效肯定, 临床应用耐受性良好, 为理想的口服补钾制荆。