场景驱动的构件行为抽取

如果构件含有冗余的功能,特别是含有用户不想要的功能,则无法被用户正确使用.因此,如何从构件中提取场景规约中所描述的用户想要的行为便是一个亟待解决的问题.给出了解决该问题的一种方法.该方法通过为构件构造一个环境,即极大包含环境,使得场景规约中所描述的所有行为可以从构件中抽取出来,并保留到该构件与其极大包含环境的组合中.同时,构件中的其他行为,即不在场景规约中的行为,被尽可能地舍弃.用接口自动机为构件的行为建模,并将用消息序列图描述的场景规约抽象为一组活动序列.构件的组合描述为接口自动机的乘积.给出了基于场景进行构件行为抽取的相关算法,并用一个实例对文中所述方法进行了说明.     

基于场景构件式实时软件设计的一致性检验

在复杂的实时软件系统中使用构件式设计方法,已成为目前软件工程中的研究热点.如何有效地验证实时软件的设计是否满足给定的时间规约,是实时计算领域中的主要挑战之一.通过在接口自动机模型中添加时间区间标记,来扩展其对实时系统接口行为的表达能力;使用实时接口自动机网络来描述实时软件系统的构件式设计模型;使用带布尔不等式时间约束的UML顺序图表示基于场景的需求规约,对系统设计阶段实时软件构件的动态行为进行形式化分析与检验.通过对实时接口自动机网络状态空间的分析,构造了其可兼容的整型状态等价类空间的可达图,并在此基础上给出了验证算法,以检验构件式实时软件系统的设计与带时间约束的场景式规约之间的一致性.     

包含协议和语义的构件一致性验证方法

在基于构件的系统设计中,需要对构件的一致性进行验证。构件的一致性包括语义一致性和协议一致性,已有的一致性验证方法仅支持构件的协议一致性验证。而在实际应用中除了要进行构件的协议一致性验证外,还需要进行其语义一致性验证。为此提出了一种包含协议和语义的构件一致性验证方法。所提方法将方法语义与基于场景的需求规约相结合,使用语义扩展接口自动机模型(SIA)来建模构件的语义和协议信息,使用带有语义约束的UML交互概观图来表示基于场景的需求规约。通过对SIA和带语义约束的UML交互概观图的行为的理论分析,进一步形成了一种一致性验证算法,并用实例来说明其过程。该算法不仅能够检验系统中构件的协议一致性,而且能够检验其语义一致性。该算法中的方法语义包括了该方法参数的类型和详细语义信息,更符合实际应用情形。     

基于B语言的构件精化开发方法

本文采用B语言抽象机操作和扩充的事件机制,通过对构件行为规约形式化定义,然后用精化规则对构件行为规约逐步精化-直到可执行程序-最后给出了一个简单例子.     

基于B语言的构件精化开发方法

本文采用B语言抽象机操作和扩充的事件机制，通过对构件行为规约形式化定义，然后用精化规则对构件行为规约逐步精化，直到可执行程序，最后给出了一个简单例子。     

基于场景规约的构件式系统设计分析与验证

使用接口自动机及接口自动机网络来描述构件式系统的行为设计模型,使用UML顺序图表示基于场景的需求规约,对系统设计阶段的构件交互行为的动态兼容性进行形式化分析和检验.通过对接口自动机网络状态空间的分析,给出了一系列算法以检验系统行为的存在一致性以及几种不同形式的强制一致性性质,包括前向强制一致性、逆向强制一致性以及双向强制一致性等.     

网构软件的资源自适应性的形式化分析与验证

针对基于构件的网构软件系统对环境资源变化的自适应性特征的可信分析与验证展开研究.具体工作包括:在网构软件的系统模型层次,使用带资源语义信息的接口自动机对软件构件的行为进行形式化建模,其包含了构件在完成特定功能的过程中对环境资源的使用特征;使用资源接口自动机网络来描述构件组装实体的组合行为;使用基于场景的UML顺序图模型来描述具有多功能的组合系统规约;分别研究了检验组合系统的所有行为是否都满足给定的资源约束以及检验指定的系统行为是否满足资源约束这两个具体问题:通过对资源自动机网络状态空间的分析,构造其相应的可达图,在此基础上给出了相应的检验资源可满足性、最小资源需求量以及检验指定功能合法性等算法.     

一种基于场景的需求驱动构件服务聚集方法*

针对如何根据用户需求进行Web服务的自动聚合问题,给出了一种基于场景的构件服务聚集方法.引入UCM表示场景,在场景本体的基础上,提出基于场景的责任一构件服务行为机制,用来描述用户需求和自主Web服务能力.构造了一种基于场景的需求驱动构件服务聚集模型,在该模型中,服务聚集采用功能匹配和质量匹配相结合的方法,并相应地给出了需求驱动构件服务聚集算法和基于QoS的服务选优算法,提高了服务发现效率和精确度.最后,通过案例研究和仿真实验验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性.     

场景驱动的服务行为调控

提出了一个场景驱动的服务行为调控途径.首先,用UML顺序图模型作为场景规约以描述用户对服务行为的需求,并且基于目标服务的BPEL行为规约,构造表示服务行为的BPEL-Petri网模型(简称BPN模型);其次,基于并发变迁分析BPN模型上表示服务行为的路径,并通过遍历BPN模型获取包含UML顺序图描绘场景的服务行为集合;最后,根据行为分析的结果构建了调控服务,通过在运行时监听、检查并过滤用户与目标服务的消息交互,从目标服务中抽取或过滤顺序图描绘的场景.在此基础上,开发了原型工具BASIS,以支撑场景驱动的服务行为调控途径,并通过实例研究展示了该方法的可行性.     

构件的服务模式规约

基于用户需求和构件服务在匹配情况下的等价性考虑,从方法调用序列角度给出了服务的定义;依据方法之间的关联性分析,给出了服务模式的概念和确定构件服务模式的方法;最后给出了构件的服务模式规约。通过建立服务模式规约,从构件提供者角度提供了一种确定构件匹配有效性的方法。     

ACTION FAILURE RECOVERY VIA MODEL‐BASED DIAGNOSIS AND CONFORMANT PLANNING

A plan carried on in the real world may be affected by a number of unexpected events, plan threats, which cause significant deviations between the intended behavior of the plan executor (i.e., the agent) and the observed one. These deviations are typically considered as action failures. This paper addresses the problem of recovering from action failures caused by a specific class of plan threats: faults in the functionalities of the agent. The problem is approached by exploiting techniques of the Model‐Based Diagnosis (MBD) for detecting failures (plan execution monitoring) and for explaining these failures in terms of faulty functionalities (agent diagnosis). The recovery process is modeled as a replanning problem aimed at fixing the faulty components identified by the agent diagnosis. However, since the diagnosis is in general ambiguous (a failure may be explained by alternative faults), the recovery has to deal with such an uncertainty. The paper advocates the adoption of a conformant planner, which guarantees that the recovery plan, if it exists, is executable no matter what the actual cause of the failure. The paper focuses on a single agent performing its own plan, however the proposed methodology takes also into account that agents are typically situated into a multiagent scenario and that commitments between agents may exist. The repair strategy is therefore conceived to overcome the causes of a failure while assuring the commitments an agent has agreed with other team members.     

Modeling users on the World Wide Web based on cognitive factors,navigation behavior and clustering techniques

This paper focuses on modeling users’ cognitive styles based on a set of Web usage mining techniques on user navigation patterns and clickstream data. Main aim is to investigate whether specific clustering techniques can group users of particular cognitive style using measures obtained from psychometric tests and content navigation behavior. Three navigation metrics are proposed and utilized to find identifiable groups of users that have similar navigation patterns in relation to their cognitive style. The proposed work has been evaluated with two user studies which entail a psychometric-based survey for extracting the users’ cognitive styles, combined with a real usage scenario of users navigating in a controlled Web 2.0 environment. A total of 106 participants of age between 17 and 25 participated in the study providing interesting insights with respect to cognitive styles and navigation behavior of users. Studies like the reported one can be useful for modeling users and assist adaptive Web 2.0 environments to organize and present information and functionalities in an adaptive format to diverse user groups.     

Overcoming experimental limitations in a nonlinear two-qubit gate through postselection

We introduce a modular-value two-qubit gate and explore its advantages in experimentally limited situations. The gate is defined such that the final state of a qubit is fully controlled by a pre- and postselection procedure in an ancillary qubit given an (imperfect or technically limited) intermediate conditional qubit–qubit interaction. As an example of the gate and its benefit, we make the connection to a postselected cross-phase modulation scenario when a undesired absorption is present. Probabilistic amplification of a small cross phase while mitigating relative absorption is possible, and a complementary behavior between phase and amplitude emerges.     

MANAGING RESPONSIVE ENVIRONMENTS WITH SOFTWARE AGENTS

Responsive environments are physical surroundings whose components change their behavior to accommodate the presence of people as well as other components. We describe a means to manage responsive environments whereby each component is dynamically assigned a software agent. Software agents are autonomous and reactive/proactive programs that communicate via message-passing. Arbitrary functionalities can be encoded in such agents, reflecting the capabilities of the components they represent, as well as extending them. Ours is a flexible and scalable approach allowing the gradual population of environments with physical devices and their agents.     

Synthesis of Reo circuits from scenario-based interaction specifications

It is difficult to construct correct models for distributed large-scale service-oriented applications. Typically, the behavior of such an application emerges from the interaction and collaboration of multiple components/services. On the other hand, each component, in general, takes part in multiple scenarios. Consequently, not only components, but also their interaction protocols are important in the development process for distributed systems. Coordination models and languages, like Reo, offer powerful “glue-code” to encode interaction protocols. In this paper we propose a novel synthesis technique, which can be used to generate Reo circuits directly from scenario specifications. Inspired by the way UML2.0 sequence diagrams can be algebraically composed, we define an algebraic framework for merging connectors generated from partial specifications by exploiting the algebraic structure of UML sequence diagrams.     

信息物理融合系统控制软件的统计模型检验

信息物理融合系统常采用嵌入式实时多任务系统作为其控制软件,这类软件的并发和非确定性给验证带来了困难.提出了一种利用统计模型检验技术分析多任务系统的功能正确性的方法.该方法构造的时间自动机模型以模块化的方式描述了实时多任务系统中的主要成分,包括实时操作系统、周期性任务、偶发任务、共享资源以及物理环境,能够展现多任务系统的细粒度的运行过程及其对物理环境的实时响应.应用该方法分析了玉兔号月球车控制软件的一个早期版本,发现了系统运行中出现的一个特殊错误,识别了实际系统出现错误的条件,再现了出现错误的场景.     

A SysML-based methodology for mechatronic systems architectural design

Mechatronic systems are characterized by the synergic interaction between their components from different technological domains. These interactions enable the system to achieve more functionalities than the sum of the functionalities of its components considered independently. Traditional design approaches are no longer adequate and there is a need for new synergic and multidisciplinary design approaches with close cooperation between specialists from different disciplines.SysML is a general purpose multi-view language for systems modeling and is identified as a support to this work.In this paper, a SysML-based methodology is proposed. This methodology consists of two phases: a black box analysis with an external point of view that provides a comprehensive and consistent set requirements, and a white box analysis that progressively leads to the internal architecture and behavior of the system.     

On the influence of local and global stress constraint and filtering radius on the design of hinge-free compliant mechanisms

Distributed compliant mechanisms are components that use elastic strain to obtain a desired kinematic behavior. Compliant mechanisms obtained via topology optimization using the standard approach of minimizing/maximizing the output displacement with a spring at the output port, representing the stiffness of the external medium, usually contain one-node connected hinges. Those hinges are undesired since an ideal compliant mechanism should be a continuous part. This work compares the use of two strategies for stress constrained problems: local and global stress constraints, and analyses their influence in eliminating the one-node connected hinges. Also, the influence of spatial filtering in eliminating the hinges is studied. An Augmented Lagrangian formulation is used to couple the objective function and constraints, and the resulting optimization problem is solved by using an algorithm based on the classical optimality criteria approach. Two compliant mechanisms problems are studied by varying the stress limit and filtering radius. It is observed that a proper combination of filtering radius and stress limit can eliminate one-node connected hinges.