协作式云资源博弈分配

针对用户对云资源的异构性需求和竞争问题,提出了一种协作式资源分配博弈策略。建立了资源分配的协作式博弈模型,定义了协作博弈的用户效用函数和评估函数,证明了在该效用函数下协作博弈存在唯一Nash均衡,并讨论了用户组建联盟对协作特征函数和整体效用的影响。实验结果表明,在该协作博弈策略下,个体用户通过组建联盟集体出价的方式,能够为联盟用户带来更大效用,以收敛方式实现Pareto改进。     

基于博弈理论的经济网格资源配置研究

针对经济网格中,由于网格系统的复杂性和用户的私利性,使得网格用户在资源竞价过程中往往因相关信息的匮乏而导致资源竞价的盲目性问题,根据重复博弈分阶段执行的特点,将网格用户间对网格资源的竞争看作多阶段的重复博弈过程.用户依据前一阶段博弈的竞价值及竞价结果对当前阶段的竞价策略进行调整,通过有限次的阶段博弈达到均衡出价策略组合,实现用户最大效用下的资源分配.仿真表明,在不完全信息的网格环境中,该竞价模型可逐步改善网格用户的资源竞价策略,实现优化目标最大化下的网格资源分配.     

网格资源非对称进化博弈分配策略

针对经济模型的网格系统中资源分配的竞争问题,应用进化博弈论中多种群复制动态博弈模型对有限理性网格用户有差别的出价策略进行了研究,提出了一种非对称进化资源分配博弈模型,该模型将网格用户分为出价偏低的保守种群和出价偏高的激进种群,分析了两种网格种群采取合作与竞争策略的自发进化过程,求解了各自的复制动态方程,并通过实例化的非对称支付矩阵求解了复制动态系统的进化稳定策略。研究表明,只有博弈双方选择对等的行为策略才能促进网格资源的公平分配。     

一种基于序贯博弈的网格资源分配策略

网格环境中资源的负载预测是实现资源优化分配的关键任务之一,而网格资源的动态性和异构性使得准确判断资源的负载状态十分困难.针对已有的分配策略对资源负载评估的不足,提出了一种基于序贯博弈的优化用户时间的网格资源分配策略.该策略将正比例资源共享的网格环境中多用户竞争同一计算资源的问题形式化为一个多人序贯博弈,通过寻求该序贯博弈中各个阶段博弈的纳什均衡解来预测资源负载;然后利用此负载信息生成所有用户的最优出价组合和资源的优化价格;最后根据各用户出价,按比例分配资源的计算能力.通过对网格模拟器GridSim的实验研究,结果表明,该策略能够得到合理的用户出价,降低资源占用时间,从而弥补了Bredin提出的优化策略中未考虑资源未来负载变化的缺陷,实现了资源的优化分配.其结论说明运用序贯博弈方法预测资源负载是可行的,且能更好地适应网格环境下异构资源的动态性.     

基于微分博弈的群智频谱感知算法

计算机技术和通信技术的融合是一个必然的趋势,频谱感知作为计算机通信技术的一个组成部分,是解决现有无线系统频谱利用率低的关键技术之一。将群智感知与频谱感知相结合,提出了一种基于微分博弈的群智频谱感知算法。平台的效用定义为第三方支付的报酬减去付给次用户的报酬,次用户的效用定义为平台支付的报酬减去次用户参与频谱感知任务的成本,以各自效用最大为目标设计了一种非合作的微分博弈模型。该微分博弈模型包含一个微分方程、平台效用和次用户效用,通过公式推导求解其反馈纳什均衡,得到平台和用户的最优策略的表达式,即平台决定任务的最优价格,各个次用户确定频谱的最优检测概率(即感知时间)。仿真结果表明,平台和次用户采取最优策略时效用高于采取固定策略时的效用。     

云计算基于随机进化博弈动态的资源优化配置

云资源优化分配研究中,用户策略难免存在失误,以用户完全理性为前提的资源分配方法在实际环境下会出现失效。分析非完全理性的云用户种群下的资源分配过程及其策略演化过程,提出一种随机动态模型求解有限云种群中的资源分配进化博弈问题。模型克服用户完全理性的限制,利用带有频率依赖选择的Moran过程,在重复博弈过程中寻找云用户策略的入侵指数和固定指数策略选择偏好的条件。根据经济学云环境的特征,建立云用户的固定效用矩阵,量化策略选择动态。数值仿真结果证明,为了最大化自身效用,不同大小云种群中的个体策略会向着不同策略方向演化,资源在有限理性用户之间可以实现优化分配,且最优分配策略最终会处于稳定状态。     

基于多领导者Stackelberg博弈的分层联邦学习激励机制设计

分层联邦学习中隐私安全与资源消耗等问题的存在降低了参与者的积极性。为鼓励足够多的参与者积极参与学习任务，并针对多移动设备与多边缘服务器之间的决策问题，提出基于多领导者Stackelberg博弈的激励机制。首先，通过量化移动设备的成本效用与边缘服务器的支付报酬，构建效用函数并定义最优化问题；其次，将移动设备之间的交互建模为演化博弈，将边缘服务器之间的交互建模为非合作博弈。为求解最优边缘服务器选择和定价策略，提出多轮迭代边缘服务器选择算法（MIES）和梯度迭代定价算法（GIPA），前者用于求解移动设备之间的演化博弈均衡解，后者用于求解边缘服务器之间的定价竞争问题。实验结果表明，所提算法GIPA与最优定价预测策略（OPPS）、历史最优定价策略（HOPS）和随机定价策略（RPS）相比，可使边缘服务器的平均效用分别提高4.06%、10.08%和31.39%。     

移动通信系统中一种合作博弈CAC 策略

由于无线频谱是极为有限的资源,呼叫接纳控制(call admission control,简称CAC)成为移动通信系统中无线资源管理的一个重要部分.针对流媒体对接入资源的过度占用问题,提出了一种基于合作博弈理论的CAC策略,博弈方是处于服务状态的业务和申请接入的新业务,基站是保证协议强制执行的外在力量,基站选择效用和最大的策略组作为博弈过程的最终结果.仿真结果表明,所提策略有效缓解了流媒体业务对资源的捕获效应,保证了用户接入的公平性,对于实际系统性能的改善具有重要的意义.     

基于合作博弈的路由队列管理算法

针对网络用户的贪婪行为,引入合作博弈理论,在分布式流速控制算法(FCAG_SL)的基础上提出了更完善的博弈环境,建立合作博弈的模型.并基于此合作博弈的模型,设计了一种基于合作博弈的路由队列管理算法(MRQA_CG)动态响应网络的变化,对网络资源进行合理分配,从而达到了控制拥塞和提高整体用户效用的目的.最后通过仿真实验验证了MRQA_CG算法在平均延迟、用户效用,以及吞吐率方面比FCAG_SL算法更优越.     

基于CIS值的非合作-合作两型博弈的理论研究

针对Brandenburger和Stuart提出的非合作-合作两型博弈中的不足,提出一种基于转归集中心值(CIS值)的非合作-合作两型博弈理论框架.用CIS值作为合作博弈阶段的解,进而构造获得非合作博弈阶段的纯策略纳什均衡解,并证明该类两型博弈解存在的条件.所提出的非合作-合作两型博弈的求解方法降低了非合作-合作两型博弈的解和有效策略存在的要求,适合于联盟外局中人的策略对联盟具有外部影响时的非合作-合作两型博弈问题,使非合作-合作两型博弈模型的应用更具有一般化,为供应链管理等问题提供新的理论依据.最后,通过数值实例表明所提出模型和方法的有效性和实用性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.