一种基于区域检测的图像检索相关反馈方法

提出一种基于用户兴趣区域检测的图像检索相关反馈学习方法,利用用户反馈为正相关的图像进行学习,进而猜测用户意图,获得更令用户满意的检索结果。该反馈学习方法的框架如下：1）对正相关的反馈图像与查询图像进行特征匹配;2）对匹配的特征使用RANSAC模型进行校准;3）进行区域选取。在选取了兴趣区域以后,可以将该区域直接抠取或将其中的特征点权值增强作为新的待查图像进行检索,提高检索的精度。实验表明本文方法可以返回更符合用户心意的检索结果。     

区域图像检索中的AdaBoost反馈学习算法

提出了一种基于AdaBoost相关反馈的区域图像检索方法.结合图分割的图像分割算法和多区域匹配方法,利用用户的反馈信息对AdaBoost弱分类器的反复训练,得到一个具有较小错误率的强分类器.将其应用到区域图像检索中从而返回更加精确的查询结果.实验表明(图像数据库大小为10000),基于AdaBoost相关反馈的区域图像检索方法有更好的检索查准率和密集度,优于单一区域的图像比较算法和多区域比较算法.     

改进EM算法在图像检索中的应用

基于相关反馈算法的图像检索经迭代后查询点会陷入局部最优。针对该问题,提出一种基于自适应相关反馈算法的图像检索方法。如果当前查询点达到局部最优,则采用EM裂项算法将该点分解为2个子查询点,通过移动查询点使其各自达到局部最优。如果用户对当前查询不满意,再将这2个子查询点分解为4个子查询点进行处理,以此类推,直到用户满意为止。实验结果表明,与自适应的相关反馈算法、混合反馈算法以及不对称的贝叶斯相关反馈算法相比,该方法的查准率较高。     

基于遗传FCM算法和SVM的图像检索

提出基于遗传FCM聚类算法和SVM相关反馈的图像检索方法。首先对图像库提取颜色和纹理特征,采用遗传FCM聚类算法对图像进行聚类,得到每个图像类的聚类中心;最后计算查询示例图像和对应图像类的图像之间的相似度,按照相似度的大小返回检索结果。为了进一步提高检索精度,提出基于SVM的相关反馈算法。实验结果表明,提出的方法具有优良的检索性能。     

遗传反馈的多特征图像检索

基于内容的图像检索是随着数字多媒体技术的发展和普及而新兴的一门信息检索技术。针对当前该领域存在的对图像描述不准确、查询精度低以及反馈次数较多的问题,提出一种基于遗传反馈的图像检索算法。该算法以遗传算法和相关反馈为基础,利用多特征进行检索,避免在利用单一特征进行检索时所出现的不同图像具有相同单一特征（颜色、纹理和形状等）的问题,对图像进行多特征描述可以从多个角度对图像进行定义,大大减少了不同图像却具有相同特征的概率。与现有的算法相比,其具有自动调整图像特征权重、较低反馈次数和较高查询精度的特性。实验结果表明,该算法对于旋转、平移和尺度变化具有较强的鲁棒性,同时具有减少反馈次数和较高查询精度的性能。     

基于虚拟关联反馈与聚类的图像检索技术研究

基于虚拟相关反馈(PRF)技术,提出了一种新的自动关联反馈检索方法--外部自动相关反馈(OARF).该方法基于图像内容特征距离,应用K-均值聚类,自动扩展查询图像特征,从而提高检索性能.试验结果表明,OARF能够降低用户负担,显著提高原始检索算法的性能,缩小"语义鸿沟".     

一种基于多分类SVM的相关反馈图像检索方法

相关反馈技术是近年来图像检索中的重要研究方向,它有效地缩短了用户高层语义和图像底层视觉特征的差距,大大提高了系统的检索精度,SVM因其通用性和出色的分类能力逐渐被引入到图像检索系统中.为了进一步提高检索效率,采用三级反馈机制引入模糊相关,用户对检索结果标记为相关图像、模糊相关图像和不相关图像,并对经典的查询向量点移动算法进行修改,在此基础上运用多分类SVM提出一种新的相关反馈图像检索方法.试验表明这是一个有效的方法.提高了图像检索效率.     

一种基于内容图像检索的半监督和主动学习算法

为了提高图像检索中相关反馈算法的效率,提出了一种新的基于相关概率的主动学习算法SVMpr,并结合半监督学习,设计了基于半监督的主动学习图像检索框架。在相关反馈过程中,首先利用半监督学习算法TSVM对标记样本进行训练,然后根据提出的主动学习算法从未标记图像中选取k幅有利于优化学习过程的图像并反馈给用户标记。与传统的相关反馈算法相比,该文提出的图像检索框架显著提高了学习器的效率和性能,并快速收敛于用户的查询概念。     

基于前向神经网络的图像检索相关反馈算法设计

相关反馈技术是近年来较为重要的图像检索方法，该文从机器学习的角度出发，提出了一种基于神经网络的相关反馈算法，在检索过程中，用户可以标记出与查询图像相似的正例样本反馈给系统，然后由系统构造出前向神经网络并再次进行检索，以改进查询结果。该文对用于训练前向神经网络的构造性算法在图像检索中的几何意义进行了深入的研究，并在此基础上给出平移算法、反例标记学习算法、球半径系数自适应算法等，从而使基于神经网络自学习的相关反馈算法更加完善。实验表明，改进后的算法在图像检索中具有更好的性能和更强的推广能力。     

改进的基于支持向量机的Web图像检索相关反馈方法

结合用户相关反馈的超平面查询在基于内容的图像检索中面临数据不平衡等问题,即对于给定的查询,图像数据库中负样例(与查询无关的图像)数目往往远大于正样例,使得传统的用户相关反馈技术难以获得足够的相关图像,影响了超平面查询的性能.提出一种新的基于支持向量机的Web图像检索的主动学习策略,根据Web图像的URL、视觉特征来估计图像与查询样本的相关性,用潜在的正样例图像来弥补图像数据的不平衡性,并且提出了对SVM返回结果的重新排序方法.对10000多幅来自50多个不同网站的Web图像数据进行了实验.实验结果显示,与传统的方法相比,该方法对检索性能有明显的提高.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.