声子晶体弹性波带隙理论计算及实验研究

声子晶体是一种具有弹性波带隙的新型结构功能材料。本文在详细介绍声子晶体弹性波带隙计算方法——平面波展开法的基础上,采用该方法计算了一维金属／丁腈橡胶杆状结构声子晶体及二维空气中正方形排列的钢管阵列声子晶体的弹性波带隙并进行了实验验证。实验结果同理论计算结果吻合较好。     

二维复合压电型表面波声子晶体带隙特性

设计了在镍圆柱体底部添加薄环氧树脂并沉积在铌酸锂基底的二维复合压电型声子晶体。通过有限元法计算了该结构的能带结构、分析了其带隙特性。计算结果显示:通过引入环氧树脂来减小散射体的有效弹性模量,从而降低了声表面波(SAW)完全带隙,同时打开了多条SAW方向带隙。计算了传输损失来验证带隙的存在性且讨论了其传输特性。利用布里渊区高对称点X处不同本征模态的位移场分析了带隙的形成机理。此外,还研究了共振体几何参数对SAW完全带隙、XM方向SAW带隙特性的影响,研究发现,随环氧树脂厚度的增加,在XM方向出现了一条宽为158 MHz的宽禁带。研究结果为设计基于声子晶体的电声设备提供了参考。     

Band gap of piezoelectric/piezomagnetic phononic crystal with graded interlayer

The band gaps of a laminated piezoelectric/piezomagnetic phononic crystal with graded interlayer are studied in this paper. First, the transfer matrix method and the Bloch theorem are used to derive the dispersion equation. Next, the graded interlayer with different gradient profiles between the piezoelectric and the piezomagnetic materials is considered. The graded interlayer is modeled as a system of homogenous sublayers with both piezoelectric and piezomagnetic effects simultaneously. The effect of the graded interlayer on the band gap is introduced by inserting an additional interlayer transfer matrix in the calculation of the total transfer matrix. Finally, the dispersion equation is solved numerically, and the dispersive curves are shown in the Brillouin zone. The band gaps of the phononic crystal with graded interlayer are compared with that without graded interlayer. The influences of the graded interlayer with different gradient profiles on the band gap of a laminated piezoelectric/piezomagnetic phononic crystal are discussed based on the numerical results.     

基于平面波算法的二维正方点阵声子晶体禁带研究

声子晶体能够产生完全的弹性波禁带，可以阻止声波或者振动在其内部传播。采用平面波算法研究了二维正方点阵声子晶体的禁带结构。在甲醇／水银双组分二维（2D）液相体系中发现了很大的完全禁带，到目前为止，在固相体系和其他液相体系中还没有发现相同宽度和相同数量的完全禁带。还研究了声子晶体中散射体的横截面为圆形和绕其中心轴旋转任意角度的正方形时完全禁带的产生规律，探索了第一禁带宽度与第一禁带中心频率的比值△Ω1/Ωc1和填充率F之间的关系，以及前50个频带中禁带的总宽度∑△Ωn/Ωcn和填充率F之间的关系。     

The band gap of 1D viscoelastic phononic crystal

The band gap of one dimensional (1D) phononic crystal with viscoelastic host material is studied in this paper. The standard solid model is used to simulate the viscoelastic behavior of the host material and the fillers embedded in the host material are still assumed elastic material. The band gap problem in 1D phononic crystal leads to an eigenvalue problem by using the plane wave expansion method and the Bloch–Floquet wave theory in a periodic structure. An iterative algorithm is designed to obtain the band gap structure due to the dependence of elastic constants on frequency for the viscoelastic host material. A numerical example is given for steel/epoxy phononic crystal. The band gap of 1D phononic crystal is evaluated for different viscoelastic constants, namely, relaxation time, initial and final state elastic modulus. It is found that the viscoelastic constants of host material affect not only the location but also the width of band gaps.     

Calculations of Lamb wave band gaps and dispersions for piezoelectric phononic plates using mindlin's theory-based plane wave expansion method

Based on Mindlin's piezoelectric plate theory and the plane wave expansion method, a formulation is proposed to study the frequency band gaps and dispersion relations of the lower-order Lamb waves in two-dimensional piezoelectric phononic plates. The method is applied to analyze the phononic plates composed of solid-solid and airsolid constituents with square and triangular lattices, respectively. Factors that influence the opening and width of the complete Lamb wave gaps are identified and discussed. For solid/solid phononic plates, it is suggested that the filling material be chosen with larger mass density, proper stiffness, and weak anisotropic factor embedded in a soft matrix in order to obtain wider complete band gaps of the lower-order Lamb waves. By comparing to the calculated results without considering the piezoelectricity, the influences of piezoelectric effect on Lamb waves are analyzed as well. On the other hand, for air/solid phononic plates, a background material itself with proper anisotropy and a high filling fraction of air may favor the opening of the complete Lamb wave gaps.     

固-流结构矩形声子晶体中弹性波的传输特性

利用一维固-流结构矩形声子晶体中弹性波横向受限的条件,推导出弹性波在其中各个模式满足的关系式,利用它研究了弹性波各模式的特性。并利用色散法研究了弹性波的传输特性随模式量子数和矩形边长的变化规律。得出了一些不同于一维非受限声子晶体的新特征,即一维矩形声子晶体的禁带由模式量子数确定,禁带频率中心和频率宽度与模式量子数和边长有关。     

Three-dimensional phononic band gap calculations using the FDTD method and a PC cluster system

This paper aims at studying the band gap phenomena of three-dimensional phononic crystals using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and a PC cluster system. In the paper, Bloch's theorem is applied to the wave equation and to the boundary conditions of the periodic structure. We calculate the variations of displacements and take discrete Fourier transform to acquire the resonances of the structures. Then, the dispersion relations of the bulk acoustic wave can be obtained and the band gaps are predicted accordingly. On the other hand, because of larger data calculation in three-dimensional phononic crystals, we introduce the PC cluster system and parallel FDTD programs written with respect to the architecture of a PC cluster system. Finally, we discuss the numerical calculation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional phononic crystals consisting of steel/epoxy and draw conclusions regarding the band gap phenomena between these phononic crystals.     

二维非线性单原子正方晶格色散摄动分析

声子晶体的色散关系决定弹性波在其中的传播方式。从二维无限周期结构的波动方程出发,提出了一种分析非线性离散型声子晶体的色散关系的一阶近似摄动法。通过引入Bloch理论与小参数摄动展开法,得到了一阶近似的色散关系与频散曲线,以分析不同方向上的阻抗配置与非线性系数对频散及群速度的影响。以二维单原子正方晶格为例,得到了其一阶频散曲线。色散结果显示带隙及传播方向与波幅相关。最后模拟了晶格对点谐波激励的响应,以验证摄动分析有效性。     

A local RBF collocation method for band structure computations of 2D solid/fluid and fluid/solid phononic crystals

In this paper, an efficient local radial basis function collocation method (LRBFCM) is presented for computing the band structures of the two‐dimensional (2D) solid/fluid and fluid/solid phononic crystals. Both systems of solid scatterers embedded in a fluid matrix (solid/fluid phononic crystals) and fluid scatterers embedded in a solid matrix (fluid/solid phononic crystals) are investigated. The solid–fluid interactions are taken into account by properly formulating and treating the continuity/equilibrium conditions on the solid–fluid interfaces, which require an accurate computation of the normal derivatives of the displacements and the pressure on the fluid–solid interfaces and the unit‐cell boundaries. The developed LRBFCM for the mixed wave propagation problems in 2D solid/fluid and fluid/solid phononic crystals is validated by the corresponding results obtained by the finite element method (FEM). To the best knowledge of the authors, the present LRBFCM has yet not been applied to the band structure computations of 2D solid/fluid and fluid/solid phononic crystals. For different lattice forms, scatterers' shapes, acoustic impedance ratios, and material combinations (solid scatterers in fluid matrix or fluid scatterers in solid matrix), numerical results are presented and discussed to reveal the efficiency and the accuracy of the developed LRBFCM for calculating the band structures of 2D solid/fluid and fluid/solid phononic crystals. A comparison of the present numerical results with that of the FEM shows that the present LRBFCM is much more efficient than the FEM for the band structure computations of the considered 2D solid/fluid and fluid/solid phononic crystals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

薄板声子晶体的弯曲振动特性

利用Patran软件建立薄板声子晶体的有限元模型，通过仿真计算，可以得到一定带隙频率在164～ 353 Hz之间。提出薄板弯曲振动的Z模式简化模型，分析基体密度等材料参数、包覆层厚度及约束对带隙的影响。利用亚克力、钢、硅胶材料制作声子晶体样件，并进行传输特性实验，得出2 000 Hz的频率范围内存在明显的带隙，且振动衰减幅值达到40 dB以上，为声子晶体在车用板状材料减振的具体应用提供依据。     

一维嵌套结构声子晶体透射特性

设计新型周期嵌套结构一维声子晶体,由采用传递矩阵法所得纵波与横波透射率谱图获得较传统一维晶格结构宽数倍的巨带隙与局域模。通过研究结构参数与带隙关系,获得有利于宽带隙产生条件及对局域模影响最大因素。通过控制掺杂材料厚度及位置,能较好实现局域模的精确调控,可显著增强声子晶体低频滤波效应。通过详述研究结果的物理机理,提出准缺陷耦合及缺陷共振等概念。     

层状双周期结构声子晶体带隙特性研究

设计了一种层状五组元双周期结构声子晶体,并将其等效为一维声子晶体,采用传递矩阵法推导出了该结构的能带结构;在该带隙范围内弹性波或声波的传播能够得到有效抑制,实现对噪声的控制。同时,分析了取消内部周期以后第一带隙的变化以及改变硅橡胶层厚度对第一带隙的影响。结果表明,该结构与简单二元结构相比,在降低带隙频率的同时有效减轻了结构质量,且"内部周期"主要影响带隙宽度;当增加硅橡胶层的厚度时,带隙频率进一步降低。     

一维声子晶体振动特性与仿真

研究了一维细长杆声子晶体振动特性。利用平面波展开法，计算一维无限周期结构声子晶体的带隙结构，发现每一带隙的宽度与材料的组份比有关。对于有限结构的一维声子晶体，利用MSC／NASTRAN进行防真，仿真结果与实验吻合较好。并通过仿真不同直径的声子晶体研究了横波对带隙的影响。     

一种新型复合局域共振型声子晶体带隙特性

设计了一种新型复合局域共振型声子晶体,通过建立弹簧-质量块等效模型用于计算带隙的上下边界频率,同时结合有限元方法分析了该结构共振带隙的产生机理,根据带隙起止点频率处的位移模态研究了声子晶体的带隙特性。研究结果表明,该声子晶体结构在频率2 200 Hz附近产生三条完整带隙,其中一条是带宽达406.17 Hz的宽带隙。对于有限周期结构的声子晶体进行了传输特性仿真和隔声实验测试,在相同的频段内弹性波传播受到了阻碍。最后,对影响声子晶体带隙打开的几种因素进行分析,讨论了带隙上下边界调控机制。研究结果为声子晶体获得较宽的低频带隙提供了一种新的设计思路和方法。     

层状三元周期结构的带隙计算

对于层状三元周期结构的带隙分析和研究目前还属空白。基于声子晶体理论,将层状三元周期结构简化为一维声子晶体结构,并利用集中质量法,分析了材 料密度与材料阻尼比变化对第一带隙的影响。研究表明,材料密度的改变对第一带隙产生较大影响;材料阻尼比的变化对第一带隙影响不明显。研究结论为层状三元结构带隙设计提供了理论依据。     

一维声子晶体的振动特性与实验研究

研究了铝/橡胶一维声子晶体的机械滤波特性.采用有限元和传递矩阵法导出了弹性波在一维声子晶体中传播的理论模型.对声子晶体的振动传输与隔振特性进行了实验研究.研究结果表明：铝/橡胶一维声子晶体存在振动带隙,改变单元的几何尺寸和材料特性,能将带隙频率范围扩大并延伸至低频;实验验证了理论模型的预测,为铝/橡胶声子晶体在发动机隔振控制上的应用提供了依据.     

声子晶体中弹性波带隙与散射

声子带隙产生条件是声子晶体研究的一个重要问题,首先对钢圆柱体嵌入空气基质组成的声子晶体散射截面进行计算,然后用平面波方法计算了弹性波带结构。结果表明声子带隙将出现在两个完全分离的共振态之间。因此,声子晶体产生完全带隙的条件是弹性波在基质材料中的传播被禁止并远离共振。     

密度正弦变化声子晶体中弹性波的带隙

利用转移矩阵和离散方法研究了密度正弦变化的一维声子晶体中弹性波的禁带.研究声明,密度按正弦规律变化的一维声子晶体中的弹性波会出现禁带.禁带频率的宽度随密度幅值的增加而增大,但密度幅值的变化对主禁带的频率中心没有影响.禁带的频率宽度和频率中心都随周期厚度呈反比变化.     

单元结构尺寸对不锈钢/空气二维声子晶体声波禁带的影响

使用平面波展开法,讨论了单元结构尺寸对正方形排列的不锈钢／空气二雏声子晶体声波禁带的影响。结果表明,当填充率(晶格常数)增大时,最低禁带宽度增大(减小);最低禁带中心频率基本不受散射体半径的影响,但随晶格常数的增大而降低。