Twenty years of telecommunications research in BIT

This paper reflects on 20 years of behavioural research in telecommunications published in BIT. The past 20 years have seen major changes in telecommunications technology and applications. They have also seen the deregulation of telecommunications markets and the pervasive penetration of the working environment by networked systems. Papers published in BIT have reflected these changes. Some research topics have attracted continuing interest throughout this period, and two are reviewed briefly: the effect of network delays on users and the relative effectiveness of different media and user choices between them. In addition many new technical and theoretical developments have been reported. Two major theoretical trends have been the convergence between behavioural research in telecommunications and computing, and the rise in social-science-based research. The question whether published behavioural research has been able to influence the development of the technologies studied is considered. Finally, the paper speculates on future topics for research.     

Twenty years of telecommunications research in BIT

This paper reflects on 20 years of behavioural research in telecommunications published in BIT. The past 20 years have seen major changes in telecommunications technology and applications. They have also seen the deregulation of telecommunications markets and the pervasive penetration of the working environment by networked systems. Papers published in BIT have reflected these changes. Some research topics have attracted continuing interest throughout this period, and two are reviewed briefly: the effect of network delays on users and the relative effectiveness of different media and user choices between them. In addition many new technical and theoretical developments have been reported. Two major theoretical trends have been the convergence between behavioural research in telecommunications and computing, and the rise in social-science-based research. The question whether published behavioural research has been able to influence the development of the technologies studied is considered. Finally, the paper speculates on future topics for research.     

Cosmic topology: Twenty years after

What is the shape of the Universe? Is it finite or infinite? Is space multi-connected to create ghost images of faraway cosmic sources? After a “dark age” period, the field of cosmic topology has now become one of the major concerns in astronomy and cosmology, not only from theorists but also from observational astronomers. Here I give a personal account of the spectacular progress in the field since the beginning of the 1990s, when I started to work in it.     

Twenty years of the European information systems academy at ECIS: emergent trends and research topics

While the information systems (IS) community is increasingly international, it is reasonable to expect that different regions might display different research approaches, interests and publication orientations. This paper contributes to the growing number of historical accounts in the IS field by further developing the profile of European IS research that was reported on in EJIS following the first 10 years of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS). On the basis of an analysis of all papers published in ECIS proceedings during the 10-year period 2003–2012, the paper highlights three key characteristics of the developing European IS research profile: (1) continuation of the traditional European IS research profile as developed in the first decade; (2) convergence with aspects of the North American tradition and (3) development of a distinct approach to design science. We place these observed characteristics within broader historical and contextual features such as the changing European academic landscape, with increasing pressures to ‘publish or perish’ in order to be internationally competitive. Our contribution lies in providing a contemporaneous account of the dominant contextual factors influencing the European IS academy in recent years as well as our interpretation of the developing research profile, thus informing future understanding of European IS research and the choices facing individual IS researchers.     

Twenty years of document image analysis in PAMI

The contributions to document image analysis of 99 papers published in the IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI) are clustered, summarized, interpolated, interpreted, and evaluated     

Re-addressing practice-based research: funding and recognition

I argue that it is time to stop questioning whether arts practice is research and time to start campaigning to get practice-based research in the arts properly funded. The majority of research in art and design takes place in specialist institutions and post-1992 Universities in the UK. As a result the infrastructure for research is relatively poor and needs sustained investment from a variety of sources.     

Handwriting synthesis: classifications and techniques

Handwriting synthesis is the automatic generation of data that resemble natural handwriting. Although handwriting synthesis has recently gained increasing interest, the area still lacks a stand-alone review. This paper provides classifications for the different aspects of handwriting synthesis. It presents the applications, techniques, and evaluation methods for handwriting synthesis based on the several aspects that we identify. Then, it discusses various synthesis techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the only stand-alone survey on this topic, and we believe it can serve as a useful reference for the researchers in the field of handwriting synthesis.     

Speech emotion recognition research: an analysis of research focus

This article analyses research in speech emotion recognition (“SER”) from 2006 to 2017 in order to identify the current focus of research, and areas in which research is lacking. The objective is to examine what is being done in this field of research. Searching on selected keywords, we extracted and analysed 260 articles from well-known online databases. The analysis indicates that SER research is an active field of research, dozens of articles being published each year in journals and conference proceedings. The majority of articles concentrate on three critical aspects of SER, namely (1) databases, (2) suitable speech features, and (3) classification techniques to maximize the recognition accuracy of SER systems. Having carried out association analysis of the critical aspects and how they influence the performance of the SER system in term of recognition accuracy, we found that certain combination of databases, speech features and classifiers influence the recognition accuracy of the SER system. We have also suggested aspects of SER that could be taken into consideration in future works based on our review.     

Twenty years of publication of the International Journal of Remote Sensing

The present volume of the International Journal of Remote Sensing is volume 20. The opportunity has been taken to write something about the history and the development of the Journal over the past 20 years and to consider some aspects of its present operation. This is set in the context of the development of the subject of remote sensing (Earth observation) over the past 20 years, of the present state of the subject and of the expectations for the development of the subject over the next 10 or 20 years.     

三维条码印刷与识别技术研究

针对三维条码的印刷与识别问题,研究了适合实际商品包装印刷需要的色彩空间选择方法,提出了面向三维条码图像固定颜色自适应阈值Canny边缘检测算法。以DataMatrix三维条码为例,通过预处理和图像定位从采集的图像中分割出条码图像,基于分割图像研究了固定颜色三维条码的识别算法。开发了相应的软件系统,通过实例验证了该算法的有效性。     

Sensory—motor coordination: The metaphor and beyond

Any agent in the real world has to be able to make distinctions between different types of objects, i.e. it must have the competence of categorization. In mobile agents, there is a large variation in proximal sensory stimulation originating from the same object. Therefore, categorization behavior is hard to achieve, and the successes in the past in solving this problem have been limited. In this paper it is proposed that the problem of categorization in the real world is significantly simplified if it is viewed as one of sensory—motor coordination, rather than one of information processing happening “on the input side”. A series of models are presented to illustrate the approach. It is concluded that we should consider replacing the metaphor of information processing for intelligent systems by the one of sensory-motor coordination. However, the principle of sensory-motor coordination is more than a metaphor. It offers concrete mechanisms for putting agents to work in the real world. These ideas are illustrated with a series of experiments.     

The Internet’s impact on sexuality: A critical review of 15 years of research

The body of empirical research on Internet sexuality has grown steadily since 1993. The following paper provides an overview of the current state of research in this field in its full thematic breadth, addressing six areas of online sexuality: Pornography, sex shops, sex work, sex education, sex contacts, and sexual subcultures. Key research results are presented concerning Internet sexuality’s forms of manifestation, participant groups, opportunities, and risks. This paper shows that sexually related online activities have become routine in recent years for large segments of the population in the Western world. Internet sexuality also takes somewhat different forms based on the age, gender, and sexual orientation of the individual. Academic studies to date have focused overwhelmingly on the possible negative effects of Internet sexuality. By contrast, little research has been conducted on potential benefits. Consequently, a surprising number of gaps are evident in the scholarship on Internet sexuality.     

Twelve years of diagrams research

Research into the use of diagrams is an interdisciplinary endeavour, encompassing disciplines as diverse as psychology, architecture and artificial intelligence. It is also a relatively new research area, with the first meeting of like-minded researchers interested in studying diagrams taking place in 1997. Now that diagrams research is more established, it is timely to review its scope, nature and progress. This paper reviews diagrams research over the past twelve years, as represented in the proceedings of the International Conference on the Theory and Application of Diagrams. In summarising the contents of these proceedings, a taxonomy describing the scope of diagrams research is proposed, the several research issues covered are identified, and the extent to which layout and aesthetics form part of this body of research is discussed. In concluding, trends and under-represented areas are noted and discussed. The aim of the paper is not only to summarise the research covered in this particular conference, but to provide a basis for on-going discussion on the changing nature of diagrams research.     

语音识别技术的研究与发展

回顾了语音识别技术的发展历史,描述了语音识别系统的基本原理,介绍了语音识别的几种基本方法,并对语音识别技术面临的问题和发展前景进行了讨论.     

Fifty years of driving safety research

OBJECTIVE: This brief review covers the 50 years of driving-related research published in Human Factors, its contribution to driving safety, and emerging challenges. BACKGROUND: Many factors affect driving safety, making it difficult to assess the impact of specific factors such as driver age, cell phone distractions, or collision warnings. METHOD: The author considers the research themes associated with the approximately 270 articles on driving published in Human Factors in the past 50 years. RESULTS: To a large extent, current and past research has explored similar themes and concepts. Many articles published in the first 25 years focused on issues such as driver impairment, individual differences, and perceptual limits. Articles published in the past 25 years address similar issues but also point toward vehicle technology that can exacerbate or mitigate the negative effect of these issues. Conceptual and computational models have played an important role in this research. CONCLUSION: Improved crash-worthiness has contributed to substantial improvements in driving safety over the past 50 years, but future improvements will depend on enhancing driver performance and perhaps, more important, improving driver behavior. Developing models to guide this research will become more challenging as new technology enters the vehicle and shifts the focus from driver performance to driver behavior. APPLICATION: Over the past 50 years, Human Factors has accumulated a large base of driving-related research that remains relevant for many of today's design and policy concerns.     

基于色度学与形态学相结合的细胞识别研究

针对受外界光照环境的影响,尤其是光源颜色,采集来的彩色图像经常会发生彩色偏移,可以采用一种白平衡算法进行校正.白平衡会按目前画像中图像特性,调整整个图像红绿蓝三色的强度,以修正外部光线所造成的误差.从而在一定程度上解决了由光照引起的图像彩色偏移,使得检测结果更稳健.原图像经处理后用闽值分割法把细胞成分从背景中分割出来,最后对二值图进行边界跟踪等处理.经过膨胀腐蚀可以获得区域的外轮廓,以及该区域的内部轮廓,提取特征参数输入神经网络进行训练识别.实验结果表明,识别率得到了较大地提高.