Land tenure insecurity and rural‐urban migration in rural China

This paper examines the impact of land tenure security perceptions on rural‐urban migration decisions of rural households, using data collected in Minle County in Northwest China. We find that tenure security perceptions play a significant role in household migration decisions in villages without well‐functioning land rental markets but not in villages where the land rental markets are more developed. In villages with underdeveloped land rental markets, households that expect that no land reallocations will occur within their village in the near future are less involved in migration, while households that attach a greater importance to land certificates in protecting land use rights are more involved in migration.     

江苏省乡村人聚环境建设的空间分异及其对策探讨

论文论述了江苏省乡村人聚环境的地区分异现象并探讨了它的发生原因;接着,论文分析了江苏省乡村人聚环境的发展目标并对其现行的政策进行了评估;最后,文章提出了基于分异现象之上的乡村人聚环境发展战略。     

Exploration and Innovation of Regional Urban System Planning: A Review and Analysis on the Urban System Plan of Jiangsu Province

Through the analysis on the main problems existing in the urban development of Jiangsu Province, this paper points out the limitations of traditional urban system planning. It also introduces the exploration and innovation in the compilation of the Urban System Plan of Jiangsu Province, and puts forward the specific countermeasures.     

江苏省城市现代化水平评价及预测

本文在分析城市现代化评价系统的基础上 ,建立江苏省城市现代化评价指标体系和预测模型 ,并对江苏省城市现代化水平进行了评价和预测。     

试论苏南地区乡村城市化转型——以苏州为例

全球化带来了生产要素在更大空间尺度上的集聚。以苏州为例,深入分析苏南地区乡村城市化转型的背景:全球化背景下乡镇发展的分化、乡镇发展动力转向和土地资源的日益稀缺。在此背景下,按照城乡统筹发展、建设社会主义新农村的要求,从乡村人口转移的角度,提出了苏南地区乡村城市化地域推进三种模式:乡村人口向大中城市集聚、向小城市集聚和向乡村集中社区集聚。     

城市边缘区的城市设计策略研究——以莱芜市钢城区永兴路为例

通过对莱芜市钢城边缘区永兴路的空间解读,提出了构建整体性城市设计的目标,重点通过对带形区域的功能定位、城市空间形态重新进行评估和认识,对土地资源进行整合,研究确定城市边缘区城市设计的策略。     

Assessing the mitigation effect of deep tunnels on urban flooding: a case study in Guangzhou,China

ABSTRACT

There are growing demands of deep tunnels to mitigate the severe urban flooding by providing a large storage capacity for excess storm runoff. This study aims to assess the flooding mitigation effect of a deep tunnel system proposed in the old downtown of Guangzhou, China, and to quantify the flooding volume difference by two storm hyetographs, the Chicago curve and the Improved Huff curve. Results show that the flooding volume is significantly reduced by a minimum of 19% and a maximum of 42% under design storms of 10- and 0.5-year return periods, respectively, when the deep tunnel system is constructed. There is a distinct spatial pattern for the mitigation effect. The best mitigation is in the west and the immediate north of the main tunnel, whereas the east does not show significant mitigation. Moreover, the actual flooding risk is likely underestimated when the Chicago curve is employed to design the storms.     

基于绿色制造的城市可持续发展研究--以江苏13个主要城市为例

运用因子分析法,从保护环境和节约能源两个维度,建立了城市绿色度评价指标体系,综合评价了江苏省13个主要城市的可持续发展能力,得出13个城市的可持续发展能力呈现苏南城市>苏中城市>苏北城市的分布特征。     

Social effects of urban restructuring: a case study in Amsterdam and Utrecht,the Netherlands

In the Netherlands, urban restructuring has been a major policy since 1997. Its principal aim is to improve neighbourhoods by demolishing or upgrading low-rent social dwellings and building more expensive rental or owner occupied units. A fundamental idea underlying this policy is to break up the physical and social monotony of urban areas and to achieve a mixed population in terms of income. The consequence of this new mix should be that people interact better and fully enjoy all kinds of facilities in the restructured area. This paper addresses the question of whether this new policy has indeed had these effects. The focus point is the role of the neighbourhood, featuring changes for traditional inhabitants while accommodating the newcomers. Do they use the area? Are their social contacts made there? Or can the restructured area be seen as a dormitory, where the residents have no contact with other people in the immediate environment? The paper is based on a fieldwork study undertaken in the cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht. Lessons for future policies of urban restructuring are formulated.     

Potential evaluation and implementation strategy for pocket park construction in high-density urban areas:A case study in Dalian,China

As an important element of urban renewal in highly urbanized areas,pocket parks with small size,flexible layout and daily accessibility are becoming a major component of green infrastructure and the mainstay of outdoor recreation space expansion in high-density urban centers.Nevertheless,the absence of a comprehensive framework for evaluating the potential of pocket park construction(PPC),one that integrates diverse influencing factors on a macro scale,has resulted in the random installation of such spaces,often failing to optimize the utilization of urban land.Addressing this critical lacuna,we propose an approach to evaluate PPC potential from a city-scale perspective,which is used to support the determi-nation of which land units should be prioritized for PPC.A complete and feasible workflow was also established to identify potential land units,construct an index system for PPC combining demand and supply levels,quantitatively calculate indices based on remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS),accurately evaluate PPC potential using an entropy-weighted TOPSIS model,and develop targeted renewal strategies.A case study in Dalian,China,demonstrated the applicability and implications of the workflow.The results showed that it is flexible and easy to adapt to different local contexts,allowing evaluators to introduce parameters considering the availability of local data,and will help decision makers to build pocket parks in the most effective plots,providing a strong reference for high-quality devel-opment in other high-density urban centers facing the contradiction between ecological construction and land scarcity.     

Urban growth pattern modeling: a case study of Wuhan city, PR China

Urban expansion has been a hot topic not only in the management of sustainable development but also in the fields of remote sensing and geographic information science (GIS). After land reform initiated in 1987, Chinese cities are facing a new development wave, which is the mixture of urban expansion and redevelopment. Local urban planners are also facing a huge challenge to require the understanding of complex urban growth process, which involves various actors with different patterns of behavior. Modeling an urban development pattern is the prerequisite to understanding the process. This paper presents a spatial data analysis method to seek and model major determinants of urban growth in the period 1993–2000 by a case study of Wuhan City in PR China. The method comprises exploratory data analysis and spatial logistic regression technique. The former is able to visually explore the spatial impacts of each explanatory variable. The latter can provide a systematic confirmatory approach to comparing the variables. The study shows that the major determinants are urban road infrastructure and developed area, and master planning is losing its role in the specific period.     

Comparing the lifestyles and environmental perceptions of rural and urban children: a case study in Turkey

This study aims to compare lifestyles and environmental perceptions of urban and rural children. Ninety-two students completed a questionnaire and were given two means (drawing or wring) to express their thoughts regarding (1) the activity and play areas, (2) their neighborhood and (3) their city. The results showed higher levels of parental supervision and restrictions on the independent mobility of the urban children in outdoor areas. This and other differences regarding the life styles are reflected in the children’s drawings of various settings. The results have applied value for planners and urban designers, and additional research is currently underway.     

New urban paradigm beyond the west: investigating the regeneration of urban villages in Guangzhou,China

This paper investigates the regeneration process of four urban villages in Guangzhou, China. It finds that the institutional dichotomy of the rural and urban systems in land ownership and planning management has not only rooted the emergence and proliferation of urban villages, but also obstructed their regeneration. The core of urban village regeneration is the redistribution of interest derived from land appreciation; the current regulatory framework has difficulties in accommodating this redistribution and alternative legislation is needed. Collaboration formed by some powerful stakeholders is proved to be essential for project completion, and this partnership formation has to some extent weakened the top-down single-actor planning mechanism, which has been the routine in socialist China for decades. The study identifies the dynamics of land regeneration, suggesting that there is no single universal prescribed form of land regeneration.     

Comprehensive concept planning of urban greening based on ecological principles: a case study in Beijing, China

Greenspace is an important part of complex urban ecosystems and provides significant ecosystem services. It benefits urban communities environmentally, esthetically, recreationally and economically. Beijing Province is in north of China, and has a total area of 16,807.8 km² and a population of about 13.8 million. This paper aims to develop a comprehensive conceptual framework for urban greening of Beijing Province based on landscape ecological principles. It attempts to answer how to establish an urban greening plan at the regional, city and neighborhood levels to achieve long-term sustainability. At the regional level, a big natural and semi-natural forest area in the northwest and an ecological buffer belt in the southeast are planned to protect the environmental quality of Beijing and provide habitats for wildlife. At the city level, a green network system of green wedges, parks and green corridors has been proposed. This green network helps to limit future urban expansion, improve urban environmental quality and serve as habitats and migration routes for wildlife. At the neighborhood level, green extensions and connections of riverside greenway, road greenway, parks and vertical greening permeate into the built-up areas. They provide open space close to residential areas and offer places for recreation. This three-level green system constitutes an integrated ecological network for urban sustainable development of Beijing. For future development of Beijing, urban parks, forestry, agriculture, water and infrastructure should be planned and designed in an integrated way. After this greenspace plan is legislated and completely realized, Beijing will develop an interconnected and integrated network of urban greenspaces. It has the prospect of achieving the aim of “Green Olympic City 2008” and the long-term goal of developing Beijing towards an “Eco-City”.     

Maximising the benefits of rainwater harvesting technology towards sustainability in urban areas of South Africa: a case study

ABSTRACT

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) technology has been in use for a long time, however its contribution towards urban water supply has been negligible in South Africa. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of interviews with key stakeholders, this case study presents implementation challenges and policy gaps in relation to the scale of adoption in the City of Johannesburg (CoJ). Findings show that only 0.1% of CoJ’s population utilises RWH due to various reasons, varying from financial viability, reliability, quality concerns, and system maintenance. This paper attributes these to the scale of adoption and suggests upscaling the system to larger commercial buildings to optimise benefits. However, there is an urgent need to bridge the policy gaps for successful implementation. Three categories of policy reforms are therefore proposed to facilitate innovation uptake, stakeholder engagement and compliance. This knowledge can guide future research towards urban water management, scientists and policymakers nexus.     

《城市道路与交通规划》课程教学困境与改革探索——以华侨大学为例

《城市道路与交通规划》作为城乡规划学专业必修的核心课程之一,是城乡规划学专业学生了解、应用城市道路与交通规划知识的重要学科平台,是城乡规划学跨学科教育体系的重要组成部分。文章首先分析了该课程在华侨大学城乡规划系现有教学过程中存在的问题,然后分别从合理的课程设计、实践课程的协同教学、工程类选修课程的开展、开放式研究型规划设计教学的试行4个方面来说明具体的改进措施,提升教学效果,实现不同学科思想的交叉渗透,培养学生的跨学科思考能力。     

十二五规划背景下城乡发展的机遇、挑战与应对——兼论城乡统筹发展的任务、途径与典型模式

十二五时期,我国城乡发展在面临新发展机遇的同时,也需应对经济全球化、资源短缺、快速城镇化等带来的巨大挑战.未来5年我国城乡规划主要面临产业结构调整、统筹城乡发展、完善社会保障机制、建设节约型社会等新的发展要求.其中,统筹城乡发展事关十二五规划全局的实现,其主要任务与实现途径为加快推进城镇化、促进城乡基本公共服务...     

Planning appeals: The impacts of conflicting planning philosophies between judicial and executive planning bodies - a rural planning case study

All Australian planning systems include a right of appeal to allow decisions to be reviewed, and the appeal body is usually a court or tribunal. The legal interpretation of planning principles therefore has the capacity to significantly influence planning practice. This article explores the potential for conflicting philosophies between judicial and executive planning bodies and examines the impacts these differences may have on planning practice, policy and outcomes.     

Impact of combined sewer overflow on urban river hydrodynamic modelling: a case study of the Chicago waterway

Combined sewer overflow (CSO) can be a critical inflow source for urban rivers during storm events. This paper presents a case study of the Chicago waterway. A three-dimensional (3D) river hydrodynamic model was developed and integrated with an urban rainfall-runoff model using the Open Modelling Interface (OpenMI). Both the effects of CSO discharge on river and river water levels on CSO outlets were considered by the integrated model. A historical storm, which was similar to a 100-year return period rain event, was simulated and compared with field measurements. This study highlights the necessity of quantifying CSO for hydraulic modelling of urban rivers under extreme storm event conditions, and shows that an integrated hydrologic and hydraulic approach can be used to address this challenge. The 3D river hydrodynamic model can deal with the complex hydrodynamics at river confluences and provide better hydrodynamic results for water quality modelling in the future.     

Doing the first loop of planning for sustainable urban drainage system retrofits: A case study from Odense,Denmark

The planning and implementation of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) requires intensive collaboration between professions and institutions. To improve the conditions for such practice in Denmark, the first loop of a SUDS-based retrofitting project was completed in Odense over a 6-month period. The project involved officials from the City of Odense and Odense Water Ltd., as well as university researchers. Studies of hydrological, environmental and socio-cultural aspects were developed by disciplinary teams and used to draft integrated solutions for two selected city districts. Albeit sewer surcharge was the initial catalyst, the main driver for the drafted solutions was urban planning. An assessment of the impact 1.5 years after completion indicated that the employed approach is valuable. In Odense, a planning procedure reflecting the loop process has become new practice. The project represents a key reference for the introduction of SUDS in Denmark.