超声振动对EA4T钢激光熔覆质量和性能的影响

采用超声振动辅助激光熔覆对EA4T钢表面进行修复,利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD),对比分析超声振动对EA4T钢激光熔覆成形质量、微观组织和物相组成的影响,通过显微硬度仪对熔覆层和基体的显微硬度进行测试。结果表明:超声振动作用下,熔覆层成形质量得到提高,原来方向性较强的枝晶组织被打断、打碎,枝晶偏析程度显著减轻;与此同时,施加超声振动晶粒得到细化,促进Cr₂₃C_6碳化物在枝晶上析出,但并未改变熔覆层物相组成;相比较未施加超声振动,超声振动作用下的熔覆层显微硬度分布更加均匀,平均显微硬度提高126.2HV_0.2,热影响区平均显微硬度下降31.2HV_0.2。     

Effect of ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser surface melting and texturing of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy on surface properties

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser surface processing that involves application of vertical ultrasonic vibrations to the Ti-6 Al-4 V alloy substrates while being irradiated with a CO_2 laser was performed for the development of laser melted and textured surfaces with potential applications in biomedical implants.The laser processing resulted in very consistent repeating undulating grooved surfaces, and the undulations were significantly more pronounced in the samples processed with higher ultrasonic power outputs.The phase evolution, studied by x-ray diffraction, confirmed that the laser processing triggered transformation of globular α→ acicular α and martensitic α' as well as increased amounts of retained α phases,which were also reflected in the microscopic analysis. The surface texture developed by laser processing resulted in increased surface wettability with increasing ultrasonic power output. The textured surfaces exhibited marked decrease in coefficients of friction during sliding wear testing performed under simulated body fluid due to lubricant entrainment within the textured grooves. The texturing also resulted in significant reduction in surface contact area during the wear process, which considerably reduced the overall wear rates due to abrasive wear.     

激光选区熔化纳米SiC/AlSi7Mg复合材料微观组织及力学性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用机械混合法制备纳米SiC/AlSi7Mg混合粉末,利用激光选区熔化技术(selective laser melting,SLM)成形纳米SiC颗粒增强AlSi7Mg复合材料,观察和分析试样的相对密度、物相和微观组织,并测试材料的硬度和拉伸性能。结果表明:SLM成形纳米SiC/AlSi7Mg复合材料试样的相对密度随着扫描速度和扫描间距的增大均呈现先增加后减少的趋势,相对密度最高可达99.75%;试样微观组织与SLM成形铝合金相似,Si相呈网状结构均匀嵌入α-Al基体中,且在Al基体中存在与Si分布相似的纳米SiC团聚物及Mg_(2)Si相;与AlSi7Mg相比,复合材料微观组织由柱状晶转化为等轴晶,且晶粒明显细化(平均晶粒尺寸为1.36μm);由于SiC的加入,产生细晶强化和固溶强化,试样的硬度和强度均明显提高,硬度最高达到137.3HV,抗拉强度达到448.3 MPa,屈服强度达到334.7 MPa,但伸长率下降至3.9%,断裂模式主要为脆性断裂。     

纳米WC增强选区激光熔化AlSi10Mg显微组织与力学性能EI北大核心CSCD

为了进一步增强选区激光熔化(SLM)成型AlSi10Mg合金的性能,采用物理混合方法混合纳米WC与AlSi10Mg得到WC质量分数为0.1%的WC/AlSi10Mg复合材料,利用选区激光熔化成型机制备试样块。通过对比同种工艺制备的AlSi10Mg试样,探究纳米WC对其微观组织形成、演变规律及其组织对力学性能的影响。结果显示,WC/AlSi10Mg粉末球形度好,粒度分布集中在20~60μm。WC/AlSi10Mg试样致密度达到99%以上,硬度约为158.89HV,相比AlSi10Mg试样增加了14.58%。WC/AlSi10Mg试样组织生长均匀、致密,有明显的熔池线。晶粒内部为α-Al基体,边界为夹杂着WC的共晶Si相。WC/AlSi10Mg试样屈服强度达到337.75 MPa,抗拉强度高达514.00 MPa,伸长率为3.78%,相比同种工艺AlSi10Mg试样分别增加了4.73%,6.25%和35.97%。因此,SLM成型WC/AlSi10Mg纳米复合材料零件相比AlSi10Mg零件具有更好的应用前景。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-12Si and Al-3.5Cu-1.5Mg-1Si bimetal fabricated by selective laser melting

An Al-12 Si/Al-3.5 Cu-1.5 Mg-1 Si bimetal with a good interface was successfully produced by selective laser melting(SLM).The SLM bimetal exhibits four successive zones along the building direction:an Al-12 Si zone,an interfacial zone,a texture-strengthening zone and an Al-Cu-Mg-Si zone.The interfacial zone(<0.2 mm thick)displays an increasing size of the cells composed of eutectic Al-Si and a discontinuous cellular microstructure,resulting in the lowest hardness of the four zones.The texturestrengthening zone(around 0.3 mm thick)shows a remarkable variation of the hardness and<001>fiber texture.Electron backscatter diffraction analysis shows that the grains grow gradually from the interfacial zone to the Al-Cu-Mg-Si zone along the building direction.Additionally,a strong<001>fiber texture develops at the Al-Cu-Mg-Si side of the interfacial zone and disappears gradually along the building direction.The bimetal exhibits a room temperature yield strength of 267±10 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 369±15 MPa with elongation of 2.6±0.1%,revealing the potential of selective laser melting in manufacturing dissimilar materials.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline nickel prepared by pulse reverse microelectroforming

Nanocrystalline nickel was produced by pulse reverse microelectroforming. The pulse microelectroforming was also performed for the comparative purposes. The surface morphology and microstructure of electroformed nickel layers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The microhardness of nickel layers was measured with a Vickers microhardness tester. The friction and wear experiments for nickel layers were performed on a friction and wear tester. The results indicate that the nickel layers prepared by pulse reverse microelectroforming exhibit higher density and their grain sizes in the nanometer range. The nickel layers with fine grains, high microhardness and better wear resistance are obtained at positive current density of 20?A/dm² and negative current density of 2?A/dm². The microhardness and wear resistance of nickel layers are improved as the positive and negative current densities are increased.     

光纤激光器功率对Cr12MoV钢表面淬火组织与性能的影响

由于光纤激光的良好光束质量,光纤激光器在金属材料表面强化方面的应用日益引起学者的重视。使用YLS-3000W光纤激光器对Cr12MoV冷作模具钢进行激光表面淬火处理的工艺试验,研究了不同工艺参数对硬化层深度和显微硬度的影响及硬化层显微组织特征。结果表明,Cr12MoV表面经光纤激光表面淬火后得到淬火层、过渡层和基体3层不同的组织。淬火层的晶粒细小,由隐晶马氏体、弥散分布的碳化物组成。过渡层由马氏体及弥散分布的碳化物和残留奥氏体组成。在扫描速度和离焦量一定的条件下,相变硬化层深度随光纤激光功率的增大而增加。在最佳工艺(光纤激光功率900W,扫描速度0.3m/s,离焦量-4mm)条件下,硬化层平均硬度达609HV。分析认为光纤激光淬火造成的组织细化和过饱和的隐晶马氏体的形成是硬度提高的主要原因。     

Ti75合金激光焊接接头的组织及力学性能

采用10 kW的连续光纤激光器对3 mm厚的Ti75合金板进行激光焊接,通过调整不同的激光功率来获得全熔透的焊接接头.同时,观察了不同热输入下焊接接头的宏观形貌、微观组织,测试了焊接接头的力学性能和显微硬度,对接头不同部位的组织特征及成形原因进行了分析.结果表明,随着焊接过程中激光功率的增加,焊缝的宽度逐渐变大,在不同...     

高速电弧喷涂FeAlNbB非晶纳米晶涂层的组织与性能

为了提高钢铁材料的耐磨性和硬度,利用高速电弧喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备了FeAlNbB非晶纳米晶涂层.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDAX),透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪等设备对涂层的组织结构和相组成进行了分析,研究了非晶纳米晶的形成机制.实验结果表明:FeAlNbB非晶纳米晶涂层是非晶相、α-Fe、FeAl纳米晶和Fe3Al微晶共存的多相组织,涂层中非晶相含量约36.2%,纳米晶尺寸约14.1 nm;涂层组织均匀,结构致密,平均孔隙率约2.3%;非晶纳米晶涂层具有较高的硬度,其耐磨性是相同实验条件下制备的3Cr13涂层的2.2倍.     

CNT-reinforced AlSi10Mg composite by selective laser melting: microstructural and mechanical properties

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-AlSi10Mg composites were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The influence of CNTs on the density, microstructure, and strength of SLM CNT-AlSi10Mg composites was investigated. The addition of CNTs over 0.1?wt-% significantly damaged the density due to the high surface energy of the CNTs. The network Si eutectic had no significant difference in either the SLM AlSi10Mg alloy or the CNT-AlSi10Mg composite. Reserved CNTs with a short scale were observed in the SLM CNT(0.5?wt-%)-AlSi10Mg composite. The ultimate tensile strength of the 0.05?wt-% CNT-AlSi10Mg composite was 441.2?±?0.9?MPa, which was higher than that of AlSi10Mg alloy. The grain boundary strengthening played an important role in the reinforcement of CNT-AlSi10Mg composite because of the refined grain.     

High mechanical strengths and ductility of stainless steel 304L fabricated using selective laser melting

Achieving not only high mechanical strengths but also high ductility is recently established using an additive manufacturing technique called selective laser melting. In the present study, stainless steel 304 L fully dense samples were successfully printed using the 3 D systems – ProX 300 printing machine. The ductility and tensile yield strength were almost two and three times higher compared to those of ASTM cast's alloy. Honey comb like nano-cellular structure with different orientation was observed in the fine grains(~4μm) due to fast cooling rate. In addition, the formation of martensite phase in random grains is also a contributor to the strengths. Furthermore, negative residual stresses in the build and horizontal directions were detected and assisted further increase in the tensile strength. Fractography revealed the ductile feature of plastic deformation and the crack openings at unmelted particles or pores.     

成形角度对选区激光熔化4Cr5MoSiV1钢组织和性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

选区激光熔化(SLM)成形4Cr5MoSiV1钢具有良好的强/硬度以及耐磨性是提高其使用寿命的重要保证,为优化SLM成形4Cr5MoSiV1钢的组织和性能,研究不同成形角度下4Cr5MoSiV1钢试样的显微组织、显微硬度、拉伸性能和耐磨性。结果表明:随成形角度的增加,试样熔道间的热量累积程度降低,晶粒尺寸减小,细晶强化作用增强,故试样的显微硬度升高。随成形角度的增加,拉伸试样的滑移搭接面数量增多,滑移程度增加,且熔道边界处分正应力值降低,故试样的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率均升高。磨损试样的磨损机制以黏着磨损和氧化磨损为主,且随成形角度增加,试样的耐磨性升高。同一成形角度下,试样底层表面经多次热量累积后,其细晶强化和固溶强化作用减弱,显微硬度和耐磨性均降低。SLM成形4Cr5MoSiV1钢试样的显微硬度、耐磨性和拉伸性能呈正相关,45°成形角度下试样的力学性能最高,抗拉强度最高为1576.5 MPa,断裂伸长率最高为17%,顶层表面的显微硬度最高为608.4HV,顶层表面的磨损率最低为4.95×10^(-9)kg·N^(-1)·m^(-1)。     

Selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg alloy: Process optimisation and mechanical properties development

The influence of selective laser melting (SLM) process parameters (laser power, scan speed, scan spacing, and island size using a Concept Laser M2 system) on the porosity development in AlSi10Mg alloy builds has been investigated, using statistical design of experimental approach, correlated with the energy density model. A two-factor interaction model showed that the laser power, scan speed, and the interaction between the scan speed and scan spacing have the major influence on the porosity development in the builds. By driving the statistical method to minimise the porosity fraction, optimum process parameters were obtained. The optimum build parameters were validated, and subsequently used to build rod-shaped samples to assess the room temperature and high temperature (creep) mechanical properties. The samples produced using SLM showed better strength and elongation properties, compared to die cast Al-alloys of similar composition. Creep results showed better rupture life than cast alloy, with a good agreement with the Larson–Miller literature data for this alloy composition.     

超声振动作用下镁-钢焊缝组织演变及力学性能研究

本文旨在通过引入超声振动辅助,实现镁合金和镀锌钢的可靠连接,扩大镁-钢复合构件应用范围。本文在镁合金与镀锌钢的TIG熔钎焊过程中引入超声波振动,并通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、硬度计和拉伸机等设备对镁-钢接头微观组织和力学性能进行检测,研究超声波功率对镁合金/镀锌钢接头质量的影响。实验结果表明:超声波振动辅助焊接工艺可以有效改善镁/钢接头的焊缝成形,消除接头熔焊区域的气孔等缺陷。研究表明:在焊接过程中引入1 000 W功率进行超声振动后,接头熔焊区的平均晶粒尺寸由初始的51 μm下降到23.2 μm,晶粒细化效果显著;超声振动辅助焊接工艺改善了接头钎焊区反应层的形态,使钎焊区MgZn反应层厚度更均匀,并可以提高接头熔焊区的显微硬度;当超声波功率为1 000 W时,接头力学性能达到3 735 N,相比未施加超声波振动的接头(3 270 N),力学性能提高了14.2%。超声振动辅助工艺可以有效改善镁/钢焊缝的显微组织,提高接头力学性能,实现镁/钢异种金属的可靠连接。     

Crl2MoV钢渗碳等温淬火组织分析

Ｃｒ１２ＭｏＶ钢采用渗碳及等温淬火处理后，获得了良好的力学性能和使用效果。采用ＴＥＭ和ＳＥＭ对此工艺处理后的Ｃｒ１２ＭｏＶ钢的渗层及心部组织形态进行观察分析，确定了心部贝氏体的形态；而渗层内在等温后期形成的特殊黑色针状组织，在该钢种的其他热处理方式中均不存在，不具备典型下贝氏体特征。本文为该钢种采用渗碳加等温淬火这种新的强化途径提供理论基础。     

退火态激光选区熔化成形AlSi10Mg合金组织与力学性能

AlSi10Mg合金具有高比强度、高耐磨性等优良特点。由于其成分接近共晶点,成形性能良好,被广泛应用于激光选区熔化技术。然而其热处理制度仍然沿用传统铸态合金的热处理规范,影响了其性能的充分发挥。本工作采用激光选区熔化技术制备了AlSi10Mg合金,并研究了沉积态和后续热处理过程中组织演化规律及其对室温力学性能的影响机制。研究发现：沉积态组织由沿沉积方向生长的α-Al柱状枝晶及枝晶间网状Al-Si共晶组成,具有强烈的〈100〉方向织构,沉积层由三部分组成,分别是细晶区、粗晶区及热影响区,抗拉强度389.5 MPa,伸长率4%。退火过程中,共晶Si破碎、球化,基体中过饱和Si不断析出长大。当退火温度从200 ℃提高到500 ℃时,Si颗粒发生Ostwald熟化,平均尺寸增长了23倍。经过300 ℃和500 ℃退火处理后,试样抗拉强度分别为287.0 MPa和268.0 MPa,但伸长率分别提高到10.3%和17.2%。     

Nano-SiC reinforced Zn biocomposites prepared via laser melting:Microstructure,mechanical properties and biodegradability

Zn has been regarded as new kind of potential implant biomaterials due to the desirable biodegradability and good biocompatibility,but the low strength and ductility limit its application in bone repairs.In the present study,nano-SiC was incorporated into Zn matrix via laser melting,aiming to improve the mechanical performance.The microstructure analysis showed that nano-SiC distributed along Zn grain boundaries.During the laser rapid solidification,nano-SiC particles acted as the sites for heterogeneous nucleation,which resulted in the reduction of Zn grain size from 250 μm to 15 μm with 2 wt%SiC(Zn-2 SiC).Meanwhile,nano-SiC acted as a reinforcer by virtue of Orowan strengthening and dispersion strengthening.As a consequence,the nanocomposites showed maximal compressive yield strength(121.8±5.3 MPa) and high microhardness(72.24±3.01 HV),which were increased by 441% and 78%,respectively,compared with pure Zn.Moreover,fracture analysis indicated a more ductile fracture of the nanocomposites after the incorporation of nano-SiC In addition,the nanocomposites presented favorable biocompatibility and accelerated degradation caused by intergranular corrosion.These findings suggested that the nano-SiC reinforced Zn biocomposites may be the potential candidates for orthopedic implants.     

激光淬火后Cr12MoV渗铬层的摩擦与磨损性能EI北大核心CSCD

利用激光对Cr12MoV冷作模具钢盐浴渗铬后进行表面激光淬火处理,通过SEM扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪分析渗铬层组织结构和物相组成,考察渗铬层摩擦因数与磨损性能,对磨损机理进行讨论。结果表明:渗铬层厚度约为20μm,Cr含量呈梯度分布,在渗铬层中形成富集层;渗铬层物相由CrC_3,CrC_2,(Fe,Cr)_2C_3和Cr组成,经渗铬+激光淬火后渗铬层表面形成致密Cr_2O_3膜;渗铬层-基体为冶金+机械结合方式,经渗铬+激光淬火后冶金结合能力增强;用SiC陶瓷球为对磨件进行干摩擦磨损实验,经渗铬+激光淬火后渗铬层平均摩擦因数为0.5795,比原始状态和渗铬处理分别降低了40.9%和19.2%,减少了黏着磨损,磨损形式为磨料磨损,淬硬层和硬质相是提高磨损性能的主要机制。     

激光选区熔化与轧制Inconel 625合金的微观组织与高温氧化性能研究

为了进一步揭示增材制造对金属材料的微观组织与高温氧化性能的影响规律,本文采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散谱、电子背散射衍射和X射线衍射等方法,对比研究了轧制态与激光选区熔化(Selective Laser Melting,SLM)制备的 Inconel 625合金垂直和平行于成形方向横截面(XY和XZ面)的微观结构,并探究了两种合金在900 ℃下的高温氧化性能。研究表明,SLM制备的合金与传统轧制合金的显微组织存在明显区别:轧制合金呈等轴晶,晶粒尺寸为(15±2.5) μm,具有更多的大角度晶界和较大的位错密度;SLM制备的合金呈多晶结构,主要由胞状晶与柱状晶组成,晶粒尺寸不均匀,其中胞状晶晶粒尺寸为0.2~2 μm,位错密度较小,呈现高度织构化特征;XRD结果表明,SLM并未改变合金的物相,SLM与轧制成形 Inconel 625合金由γ-Ni相组成。SLM合金的XY面和XZ面的晶粒取向存在较大差别,其中XZ面的晶粒取向为(001)。在900 ℃下,SLM合金的氧化速率更高,这种高氧化速率导致氧化膜致密性差,在SLM合金的亚表层区域形成空洞。轧制Inconel 625合金的抗氧化性能优于SLM合金,这主要归因于轧制合金具有更多的位错与孪晶。     

TiCp/H13(4Cr5MoV1 Si)复合材料的显微组织和力学性能

用熔铸工艺过程中的原位反应合成方法制备了含ψ（TiC)为5％颗粒增强的H13钢基复合材料,实验结果表明,用本文工艺制备的复合材料工艺性能优良,易于加工成形,显微组织中TiC颗粒分布均匀,没有出现颗粒的团聚及由于TiCP颗粒引入而形成的组织缺陷,TiC颗粒的加入能有效地提高材料的常温、高温强度和耐磨性能,但在一定程度上降低了材料的塑性和冲击韧性。