O/W型稠油乳状液的静态稳定性评价

针对河南油田某井稠油,采用自制的TN-01乳化剂,根据稠油乳化降黏原理及O/W型乳状液的形成机制,研究了乳化剂的类型和含量、乳化方式、搅拌方式和搅拌速度、相体积分数等对O/W型稠油乳状液稳定性的影响,特别是初步探讨了在TN-01中加入纳米助剂TN-23,对O/W型稠油乳状液稳定性的影响,为纳米材料在稠油乳化降黏中的应用提供一个可参考的基础数据.     

O/W型稠油乳状液的静态稳定性评价研究

针对河南油田某井稠油,采用自制的TN-01乳化剂,根据稠油乳化降黏原理及O/W型乳状液的形成机制,研究了乳化剂的类型、含量、乳化方式、搅拌方式、搅拌速度和相体积分数等对O/W型稠油乳状液稳定性的影响.本文初步探讨了在TN-01中加入纳米助剂TN-23对O/W型稠油乳状液稳定性的影响,为纳米材料在稠油乳化降黏中的应用提供了一个可参考的基础数据.     

流花稠油W/O型乳状液的稳定性研究

本文就含水率、乳化温度、搅拌速率、搅拌时间、内相水的pH值和矿化度等因素对流花稠油W/O型乳状液稳定性的影响进行了实验。实验采用控制变量法,考察了不同乳化条件下制得的乳状液的静态稳定性和动态稳定性,得出了有关结论。     

稠油O/W型乳状液的低温稳定性

绥中36-1稠油50℃与3℃的黏度分别为1251.5与417518.1 mPa·s,在3~60℃范围内表现为牛顿流体,20℃密度为0.953 g/cm³,属重质普通稠油。用非离子型表面活性剂BJN-01作为乳化剂,制备了不同乳化剂加量（0.3%~0.7%）及油水比（8:2~6:4）的稠油O/W型乳状液。采用恒温静置、流变测量和微观影像分析方法,研究了乳化剂加量及油水比对该乳状液低温（3℃）静态及动态稳定性的影响。结果表明,O/W型乳状液3℃的静态稳定性随乳化剂加量的增大而明显提高;油水比6:4和7:3乳状液的分水率随静置时间延长而增大;油水比8:2的乳状液在制备完成后即发生油水两相分离,稳定性较差。在动态剪切2.0 h后,O/W型乳状液均发生了不同程度的聚集与聚并,油水比越高或乳化剂加量越低,聚集与聚并现象越显著。乳化剂加量0.5%、油水体积比6:4时,在动态剪切2.0 h内,O/W型乳状液表现为牛顿流体,3℃下的黏度小于50 mPa·s;乳化剂加量0.7%、油水比7:3的O/W型乳状液3℃下的黏度小于100 mPa·s,具有良好的低温静、动态稳定性,对管道低温采输及停产停输再启动有良好的适应性。     

O／W型稠油乳状液流变性研究

本文主要用旋转粘度计研究了河南油田井楼03和19两种不同性质的O／W型稠油状液的流变性能以及各种参数以及各种参数对其流变性能的影响。     

SV值表征的稠油W/O乳状液稳定性研究

采用灰色关联熵分析法研究了胜利油田典型区块稠油W/O乳状液稳定性与稠油组成(极性四组分、有机杂原子与过渡金属含量)和油品性质(稠油极性组分偶极矩)的关联,结合稠油W/O乳状液液滴的粒径大小分布及稠油极性四组分Zeta电位,分析了乳状液的稳定机理。用SV值表征乳状液稳定性,SV值越大,乳状液稳定性越好。结果表明,极性四组分、有机杂原子与过渡金属含量与乳状液SV值的关联度从大到小分别为:胶质(0.9945)>饱和分(0.9928)>芳香分(0.9901)>沥青质(0.9597),N(0.9993)>O(0.9918)>S(0.9667),Ni(0.9891)>Fe(0.9852)>V(0.9845),胶质、N及Ni含量与SV值的关联度最大,对乳状液稳定性有重要影响。稠油极性组分偶极矩与SV值的关联度依次为:胶质(0.9929)>沥青质(0.9916)>芳香分(0.9796),胶质的偶极矩是影响乳状液稳定性的关键因素。3-12-182区块稠油的极性四组分Zeta电位绝对值最大,W/O乳状液中液滴粒径最小、尺寸分布最集中(0.5~1.5),SV值最大(1026.70),乳状液最稳定。表2参10     

电导率与O/W乳状液的稳定性

 测定了不同油相体积分数的O/W乳状液电导率，考察了油相体积分数、乳化条件、温度对O/W乳状液电导率的影响，研究了O/W乳状液电导率与其浓相体积变化分数、吸光度的关系。结果表明，对于较稳定的O/W乳状液，油相体积分数对O/W乳状液电导率有明显的影响，油相体积分数越大，电导率越小；反之，电导率越大。乳化条件越苛刻，电导率越小。温度越高，电导率越大。O/W乳状液电导率随时间变化曲线的斜率可以表征在O/W乳状液的破坏过程中，油珠上浮、聚集、聚并、油相体积分数变化的程度以及乳状液的稳定性。     

稠油O/W乳状液现场管道输送试验分析

综合含水68%～72%的胜利孤东新滩稠油与水混合液,在加入乳化剂HA78浓度为400～800mg/L、现场搅拌条件下,可转相形成较为稳定的O/W乳状液。由于含水率和搅拌强度的变化,在相同样加剂浓度下,现场条件配制的O/W乳状液较试验室配制的表观黏度低,其非牛顿性弱,稳定性有所下降,表观黏度随温度下降变化不明显。在加剂400～800mg/L范围减阻效果与乳化剂浓度成正比,混合方式对减阻效果影响不大。对于试验管道垦东451—东4联集输管道而言,从输送压降分析,在含水量相同的条件下,加入乳化剂后油水混合输送减阻效果优于掺热水输送效果,可以实现全越站输送。管流条件下,在O/W乳状液比较稳定时,减阻主要以降黏减阻为主,而在O/W乳状液不稳定时,主要以管壁与稠油之间形成水膜减阻为主。     

O/W型稠油乳状液的制备

本文针对河南稠油制备乳状液为研究内容,根据稠油的乳化机理和O/W的制备方法,深入研究了乳化剂的选择以及乳化剂的类型、添加剂、混合方式、搅拌方式和搅拌时间等对乳状液配制的影响,优选出油水乳状液的制备条件,为室内配制乳状液提供了必要的参考。     

胜利油田孤岛稠油乳状液流变性研究

以胜利孤岛稠油为研究对象,筛选出适合该稠油的乳化降粘剂配方.通过实验研究了温度、油水比、乳化剂加量和乳状液分散相颗粒粒径分布等因素对O/W型乳状液流变性的影响,得到配制孤岛稠油乳状液较佳的油水比、温度、加剂量等,为稠油乳化输送技术的推广应用提供了技术基础.     

特稠油,超稠油油藏热采开发模式综述

方法利用水平井热采模式．对特、超稠油油藏进行开采。目的改善开发效果，提高经济效益。结果对油层厚度小于5m的特、超稠油油藏不宜采用水平井热采；对油层厚度在5～10m的特稠油油藏或油层厚度大于10m的超稠油油藏，可采用水平井蒸汽吞吐和蒸汽驱开采；对原油粘度大于5×104mPa·s的超稠油油藏，适用蒸汽吞吐开采；对油层厚度大于20m，原油粘度大于20×104mPa·s的超稠油油藏，必须采用蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术。结论对已投入蒸汽吞吐的特稠油油藏，尤其是处于中后期吞吐阶段的区块，应采用蒸汽加氮气泡沫驱及现有在井与水平共组合蒸汽驱模式；对尚未开发的特、超稠油油藏，应采用水平井注蒸汽热采模式及其它新技术。     

Influence of surfactants used in surfactant-polymer flooding on the stability of Gudong crude oil emulsion

The influences of an anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, used in surfactant-polymer flooding in Shengli Gudong oilfield, East China, on the interfacial properties of Gudong crude model oil and synthetic formation water was studied by measuring interfacial tension, interfacial viscoelasticity and Zeta potential. The influence of the surfactants on the stability of Gudong water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions was evaluated by separating water from the W/O emulsion and residual oil in the aqueous phase of the O/W emulsion respectively. The results showed that the two kinds of surfactants, namely anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, are both able to decrease the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the aqueous phase and increase the surface potential of the oil droplets dispersed in the O/W emulsion, which can enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W crude oil emulsions. Compared with petroleum sulfonate, the anionic-nonionic composite surfactant is more interfacially active and able to enhance the strength of the interfacial film between oil and water, hence enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W emulsions more effectively.     

Optimization of separation of oil from oil-in-water emulsion by demulsification using different demulsifiers

Separation of oil from oil-in-water emulsion is a major challenge in petroleum industries during the producing and refining process. The authors investigated characterization of oil-in-water emulsion and subsequently separation of oil from emulsion using different chemical dimulsifiers. The effect of settling time, pH, temperature, and demulsifier dosage on oil separation efficiency has been studied. It was observed that as time, temperature, and chemical dosage increased oil separation efficiency increased. Droplet size distribution of emulsions illustrated that the demulsifier could lead to the breakup of crude oil-in-water emulsions by flocculation and coalescence. More than 98% oil separations were observed with some demulsifiers under optimum operating conditions.     

苏丹稠油延迟焦化装置直接引稠油开工情况

介绍了中国石油国际苏丹喀土穆炼油有限公司喀土穆炼油厂,在直接加工苏丹稠油（一种高酸高钙高黏度重质原油）延迟焦化装置中采用的两种开工方式,分析了它们的优缺点。该装置原来引用常压渣油作为进料进行开工,待操作正常后再切换为稠油进料,虽然这种开工方式在装置开工循环过程中,脱除轻组分的时间短,但在切换四通阀以后调整操作的难度较大,因此后来改为直接引用原油（稠油）作为进料进行开工。实践证明,直接引用原油开工的效果很好,操作调整简单,大量的轻组分进入分馏塔上部,分馏塔各侧线回流较容易建立;另外未出现常压渣油开工过程中蜡油量大、塔底温度高、加热炉对流段出口油温超高现象。     

模拟凝析油乳液破乳剂的制备与评价

以不同物质量配比的醇类为起始剂,路易斯酸为催化剂,环氧氯丙烷作为接枝物,按照正交实验设计的条件,起始剂与环氧氯丙烷发生接枝聚合反应得到系列活性中间体;该中间体与有机胺A发生胺化反应制备凝析油破乳剂。采用单因素法对反应物配比、反应时间对破乳剂破乳性能的影响进行了优化研究,得到了较佳的工艺条件。应用室内瓶试法,对系列凝析油破乳剂的破乳性能进行了性能评价,考察了破乳剂组成对脱水效果的影响,筛选出了性能较好的破乳剂,通过复配探讨了不同凝析油破乳剂之间的协同效应,得到了性能优异的凝析油破乳剂;探讨了破乳温度与破乳剂加量对其破乳性能的影响。结果表明,最佳破乳剂在其加量为20 mg/L的情况下,便能达到很好的脱水效果,油水界面清,净水效果最好。该破乳剂,具有油水分离速度快、油水界面清和油水不易乳化等特点。最后,对最佳凝析油破乳剂的结构进行初步表征。     

Effects of Different Heavy Crude Oil Fractions on the Stability of Oil-in-water Emulsions — the film properties of heavy crude functional components and water system

A series of π-A isotherms are drawn to study the film properties of the components with Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The effects of the aromaticity of spread solvents and pH value on the air/water film formed by the components are investigated. Acid fraction and asphaltene can form stable two-dimensional insoluble films on an air/water surface.The surface film pressure of acid fraction and asphaltene is higher and more stable than that of the other fractions. The surface film pressure of the fraction increases evidently under the basic condition (pH=12). The results show that the interfaciai activity of acid fraction and asphaltene is superior to that of the other fractions and the basic condition is favorable to the stability of the O/W emulsion.     

Influence of polymers on the stability of Gudao crude oil emulsions

The influence of different types and concentrations of polymers on the stability of Gudao crude oil emulsion was investigated by measuring the volume of water separated from the emulsions and the interfacial shear viscosity of the oil/water interfacial film. Experimental results indicate that the simulated water-in-oil emulsion with 40 mg/L of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide （HPAM） 3530S could be easily broken by adding demulsifier C and was readily separated into two layers. However, HPAM AX-74H and hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymer （HAP） could stabilize the crude oil emulsion. With increasing concentration of AX-74H and HAP, crude oil emulsions became more stable. Water droplets were loosely packed in the water-in model oil emulsion containing HPAM 3530S, but water droplets were smaller and more closely packed in the emulsion containing AX-74H or HAP. The polymers could be adsorbed on the oil/water interface, thereby increasing the strength of the interracial film and enhancing the emulsion stability.     

达尔其油田稠油生物降解有机地化特征

方法 从稠油生物降解宏观及微观特征入手，运用有机球地球化学和稳定同位素分析，对达尔其油田稠油的地化特征及降解序列进行研究。目的 分析稠油地化，成因特征及成熟度，为油田今后勘探指明方向，结果 稠油宏观上具有饱和烃含量低，饱和烃／芳烃比值小的特点；微观上烷烃，芳烃色谱及生物标志物提供了稠油为两期混合油，且成熟度不高，降解程度较低，结论 达尔油田稠油属低－较低成熟油；稠油的降解程度可划分为三级，今后的勘     

ASP驱油体系各组分对原油乳状液稳定性的影响

研究ASP驱油体系各组分对原油乳状液的影响，有助于改善ASP驱油体系，进一步提高驱油效率。以NaOH为碱组奇，聚乙二．醇辛基苯基醚、石油磺酸盐为表面活性剂组分，部分水解聚丙烯酰胺为聚合物组分，考察了ASP驱油体系中的碱、表面活性剂和聚合物以及无机盐等对原油乳状液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明：对于实验原油，NaOH的质量分数为0.40％，石油磺酸盐的质量分数为0．02％，部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的质量分数为0．03％时，原油乳状液的稳定性较好。针对不同特性的原油，可按照ASP驱油体系各组分对原油乳状液稳定性的影响规律来调整各组分的比例，从而达到最佳的驱油效果。     

Determination of water content in crude oil emulsion by LF-NMR CPMG sequence

Transverse relaxation times (T2) and T2 spectrum for crude oil emulsions with different water content are obtained by low field nuclear magnetic resonance Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence and various methods to determine the water content are investigated. The results show that there are three methods to accurately determine the water content. When water content is greater than 20.0wt%, determination through T2 value of emulsions is fastest with the relative error below 2.5%. T2 spectrum show the characteristics of multiple peaks, and T2 value of the peaks originated from water are suitable for determination of water content for O/W emulsions. A method is developed and optimized to determine the water content by using the peak-area ratio in T2 spectrum, which is not limited by the water content and the form of emulsion.