谈谈测量不确定度及其应用

我们过去常用测量误差(相对误差和绝对误差)的概念来表征某一质量特性的测量结果,这样的表述存在首许多不确定性(因素),有时无法可靠地预知其测量结果的分布范围。介绍了测量不确定度的形成过程,测量不确定度的来源,并通过举例来介绍其应用方法。     

高氯酸脱水重量法测定硅含量不确定度评定

根据检验方法规定的测量程序，进行高氯酸脱水重量法测定合金钢中硅含量的不确定度评定。     

台砰的测量不确定度评定

本文主要介绍了不确定度的意义和来源,并以台秤为例介绍了如何计算各标准不确定度、合成不确定度以及扩展不确定度.     

工业过程测量记录仪测量结果不确定度评定

工业过程测量记录仪包括自动电位差计、自动平衡电桥、函数记录仪以及数字模拟指示相结合的混合式记录仪、无纸记录仪。本文选用性能较稳定的电子电位差计,对其进行检定,分析检定用标准器及整套检定设备引入的不确定因素,从而得到测量结果的不确定度。     

试验机同轴度测量结果不确定度评估

本文依据JJG 139-2014 《拉力、压力和万能试验机检定规程》,对同轴度测量结果进行了不确定度评定,通过阐述测量过程中的各分量对示值误差的影响,得到了测量结果的扩展不确定度。     

电动机效率测量不确定度评定

根据三相异步电动机能效等级确定方法E1法,建立了电动机效率的不确定度分析模型,并给出了计算方法。在此基础上,利用实测数据进行计算,得到了电机效率测量不确定度。     

试验机测量不确定度的研讨

微机液压万能材料试验机在材料试验中应用十分广泛。本文根据测量不确定度的原理和方法对试验机的负荷示值测量结果的不确定度来源进行了详细分析,并对测量结果的不确定度也进行了仔细的评定,以此作为材料试验机测量不确定度评定的一个典型实例。     

直接法测量效率不确定度评定

以单相电容运转异步电机为例,依据GB/T9651-2008的效率测定直接法,对电机效率的测量过程中的不确定度进行分析,得出各分量对测量结果不确定度产生影响的表达公式,最终求得测量结果不确定度。     

月见草油酸价测量不确定度的评估

本文对月见草油酸价测量不确定度进行系统研究,采用国标方法GB/T5530- 1998测定月见草油的酸价。     

测量误差与测量不确定度

采用对比的方法从概念、来源和分类方法等方面，比较详细地介绍了测量误差与测量不确定度的联系与区别，并阐述了两者在测量领域的作用与意义。     

电子探针测定镁橄榄石中元素含量的不确定度

本文基于氧化物的ZAF修正法对典型样品进行定量分析。在得出了定量分析结果之后,分析了样品测量不确定度的来源,得出电子探针定量分析的不确定度模型,测算了每个影响因素的具体数据,最后计算出了定量结果的扩展不确定度。结果表明ZAF修正法引入的不确定度对测试结果的不确定度影响非常小,主要影响结果不确定度的因素是测量重复性引入的不确定度造成的。利用不确定度提高测试和仪器校准的准确度,可以对电子探针定量分析的后续工作提供基础和保障。     

高效液相色谱法分析小麦芽粉中的氨酪酸

建立一种分析小麦麦芽粉中氨酪酸的离子交换色谱法;本方法以邻苯二甲醛-巯基乙醇为柱后衍生试剂,固定相为R-SO3-Na+,流动相为pH=3.15的柠檬酸三钠和pH=9.70的硝酸钠缓冲液,梯度程序洗脱,柱后衍生,荧光检测器检测;方法稳定、快速、准确,氨酪酸的平均回收率(n=3)为96.0%。     

Uncertainty evaluation of multivariate quantities: A case study on electrical impedance

The paper discusses the evaluation of the uncertainty of a multivariate quantity using the Law of Propagation of Uncertainty defined in the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and a Monte Carlo method according to the GUM’s Supplement 2. The quantity analysed is the electrical impedance, which is not a scalar but a complex quantity. The used measuring method allows the evaluation of the impedance and of its uncertainty in different ways and the corresponding results are presented, compared and discussed. For comparison purposes, results of the impedance uncertainty obtained using the NIST Uncertainty Machine are also presented.     

高效液相色谱法测定胡椒中胡椒碱的不确定度评定

进行高效液相色谱法测定胡椒中胡椒碱的不确定度评定,详细介绍进行不确定度评定的方法和步骤,得出胡椒中胡椒碱含量的相对不确定度为0.41%,扩展不确定度为0.8%。根据不确定度评定结果可以得出标准品溶液对不确定度的贡献最大,其次是测量重复性误差,样品称量引起的不确定度最小。该评定方法在实际工作中可用于高效液色谱法检测类型不确定度评定的参考。     

Uncertainty evaluation for determining linezolid in injectable solution by UV spectrophotometry

The aim of this work was to identify the main sources of uncertainty, quantify the standard deviation of each source of uncertainty, and calculated combined and expended uncertainties for the determination of linezolid in injectable dosage forms by UV spectrophotometry. The contributions of precision, linearity and weight of linezolid reference standard are the most significant, contributing with about 77% of the overall uncertainty. The uncertainties on the absorbances (sample and standard), volumetric flasks and volumetric pipettes have virtually no influence on the overall uncertainty. The estimated uncertainty of the spectrophotometric method for determination of linezolid was adequate for the scope of the method.     

Uncertainty evaluation and reduction in three-probe roundness profile measurement based on the system transfer function

The three-probe method for separating the spindle rotation error and the specimen form error is extensively described in the literature. An attractive feature is its application in in-process measurement. However, the resulting uncertainty is studied far less extensively. In this paper, an evaluation and propagation method for the uncertainty, as well as for an uncertainty reduction, is given based on the system transfer function (S-function). First, utilizing the Laplace transform, the measurement system model is developed and expressed by an S-function. Second, the propagation laws of input uncertainties are analytically deduced by computing the partial derivatives of the S-function of roundness. Then, the laws are numerically validated by Monte Carlo simulations. The uncertainty propagation laws show that the uncertainties propagate with varying amplification over the harmonic domain, and moreover, they enable the quantification of both the harmonic and the total uncertainty of roundness. Taking the roundness uncertainty as a decisive parameter, three approaches are proposed for uncertainty reduction: (1) the hybrid 3-PM, where two roundness estimates are combined by taking individual harmonic estimate with the lowest uncertainty, (2) the fusion 3-PM, where the weighted average is taken over the harmonic domain, and (3) the angle optimization, which minimizes the total roundness uncertainty by properly arranging the sensor angles. The angle optimization is applied to the conventional 3-PM, as well as to the hybrid and the fusion 3-PMs. The genetic algorithm is adopted to speed up the optimization process. Finally, practical roundness measurements are performed.     

全盐量的不确定度评定

分析重量法测量水中全盐量不确定度的来源,评定了水中全盐量的测量不确定度,在各不确定度分量中,称量引入的不确定度较大.     

测量不确定度在数据处理中的应用探讨

测量不确定度是与测量结果相关联的、表征合理地赋予被测量值分散性的参数,可以合理地评价测量结果的质量高低.在现行的数据处理标准中,大多未对测量不确定度提出相应的要求.本文通过对测量不确定度概念的探讨,及对实际工作中测量不确定度的分析,为以后测量结果数据处理的规范化、标准化打下了一定基础.     

浅谈工业温度传感器测量不确定度的评定

一切测量结果都不可避免地具有不确定度。衡量测量结果及其质量的标准是测量结果的测量不确定度的大小。通过对工业铂热电阻的测量结果的测量不确定度的评定的分析和比较,可知测量结果的可靠程度,并可反映检测实验室的检测体系是否处于统计受控状态。进而可为产品进入国际市场奠定有利基础。