I.O. Siavtsillo--prominent pathologist of the Moscow school

Summarized data on the life and scientific activity of physician I. O. Syavtsillo (1860-1907), a member of the Chair of General Pathology at the Faculty of Medicine, the Moscow University, a disciple of professor A. B. Fokht, are presented. The monographs by I. O. Syavtsillo (1887-1898) dedicated to the problem of odema are considered. The scientist's concepts concerning the role of hemodynamic changes and disorders of the nervous activity in pathogenesis of odematous states are set forth. Impairment of innervation of vessels, stimulation of vasodilators and vasoconstrictors in the development of odema are also considered. Results of the investigations carried out by I. O. Syavtsillo are collated with present-day findings.     

O. Hobart Mowrer.

Portrait. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A reexamination of the cell-lineage data of E. O. Powell

E. O. Powell carried out numerous experiments observing cell-generation times on bacteria. His statistical methodology, though quite advanced 40 years ago, can be enhanced by better models of dependence, by advanced computational methods, and by judicious use of robust methods. We reexamine Powell's data, focussing on his main interest in establishing whether there were indeed dependencies in generation times between cells with close filial connections.     

Phase diagram of the Al2O3-ZrO2-Er2O3 system. iv. vertical sections

For better presentation of the Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-Er₂O₃ phase diagram over a wide temperature and concentration ranges, three vertical sections are plotted to show interactions in the ternary system. The Er₂O₃-(50 mole% Al₂O₃ · 50 mole% ZrO₂) bisector shows the Er₂O₃-enriched region of the Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-Er₂O₃ phase diagram and explains the mechanism of Er₂O₃ phase transformations X ? H ? A ? B. The 15 mole% ZrO₂ (15Z) isopleth shows the Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-Er₂O₃ structure within the region adjacent to the Al₂O₃-Er₂O₃ binary bounding system. The ZrO₂-ErAlO₃ bisector depicts the ternary system in the ZrO₂-enriched region. The vertical sections intersect each of the three triangulating sections of the ternary system and demonstrate the width variation in their two-phase regions.     

Phase diagram of the Al2O3-ZrO2-Sm2O3 system. II. Liquidus surface

A projection has been constructed for the liquidus surface on the plane of the concentration triangle for the Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-Sm₂O₃ phase diagram. There are no ternary compounds, or appreciable regions of solid solutions based on the components and the binary compounds. The liquidus surface is formed by nine fields of primary phase crystallization. There are five four-phase nonvariant peritectic equilibria, as well as two four-phase nonvariant eutectic equilibria, and one three-phase nonvariant eutectic equilibrium. As the ZrO₂ and SmAlO₃ phases interact with other phases by a eutectic mechanism, it is possible to combine the unique properties of the T and F solid solutions based on ZrO₂ with the properties of the other phases in the form of composites. __________ Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 3–4(448), pp. 28–35, March–April, 2006.     

O. Chanute, C.E.

Octave Chanute was one of the leading civil engineers in the United States in the period between 1850 and 1890. His work on eastern and western railroads was unsurpassed. He began his bridge building career in 1856 and designed his last major bridge in 1888. Starting in 1890, he began his study in the work that others conducted in the area of manned flight and designed and tested many of his own gliders. He later assisted the Wright Brothers in their experiments in Dayton and at Kitty Hawk.     

Phase diagram of the Al2O3-ZrO2-Er2O3 system. II. Phase diagram liqiudus surface

The liquidus surface for the Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-Er₂O₃ phase diagram is projected for the first time onto a concentration triangle. No ternary compounds are found in the system. The liquidus surface is completed by eight primary crystallization fields. Four four-phase nonvariant eutectic equilibria, one four-phase nonvariant transformation equilibrium, and three three-phase nonvariant eutectic equilibria are found in the system. Since ZrO₂ interacts with other phases eutectically, the unique properties of ZrO₂-based T-and F-solid solutions can be combined with the properties of other phases of the ternary system in composite materials. __________ Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Vol. 46, No. 1–2(453), pp. 64–71, 2007.     

I/O Psychology and the bridging of A. N. Leont'ev's activity theory.

Soviet activity theory, largely developed by A. N. Leont'ev, can be seen as a European complement of American I/O psychology and an important current of action theories in general. This paper identifies the major strength of Leont'ev's theory as the bridging potential it achieves by situating activity between each of several major pairs of opposite poles: mind and matter or body (exemplified by thinking workers and their work tasks), subject and object, understanding and explanation, theory and practice, humanist psychology and behaviourism. Some implications of activity theory and its bridging potential are pursued in the contexts of I/O theory-construction and research methods, and in the substantive problem areas of job design,job analysis, organization development, and personnel training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Phase Diagram of the Al2O3 – ZrO2 – Nd2O3 System. Part 2. Liquidus Surface

A projection of the liquidus surface has been constructed for the Al₂O₃ – ZrO₂ – Nd₂O₃ system. No ternary compounds and areas of solid solutions based on the components or the binary compounds have been identified. The liquidus surface is formed by eight binary-phase primary crystallization fields. There are four four-phase nonvariant peritectic equilibria, together with two four-phase nonvariant eutectic equilibria as well as one three-phase nonvariant eutectic equilibrium. As the ZrO₂ and NdAlO₃ phases interact with the other phases by a eutectic mechanism, it is possible to determine the composition of the material, to take advantage of the unique properties of the T and F solid solutions based on ZrO₂ with incorporation of the properties of other phases in the ternary system.     

Assessing the contributions of S–O and R–O associations to differential-outcome matching through outcome reversals.

Pigeons were trained on symbolic matching with 2 samples, 2 pairs of comparisons, and different outcomes for the correct responses within each comparison pair. For one group, the 2 samples were also associated with different outcomes, whereas for another group, they were not. When the response–outcome (R–O) relations for one pair were subsequently reversed, the group trained with differential sample–outcome (S–O) associations was significantly disrupted in its performance on both reversed- and nonreversed-outcome trials. By contrast, the group trained with just differential R–O associations was disrupted only on reversed-outcome trials. These results were replicated when the outcomes on the initially nonreversed trials were then reversed. The findings indicate that differential S–O associations, when present, have a stronger influence on matching performances than differential R–O associations. They are also consistent with hierarchical and configural models of discriminative control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Inactivation of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. 1. Novel O6-(hetarylmethyl)guanines having basic rings in the side chain

A number of novel guanine derivatives containing heterocyclic moieties at the O6-position have been synthesized using a purine quaternary salt which reacts with alkoxides under mild conditions. Initially O6-substituents were investigated in which the benzene ring of the known agent, O6-benzylguanine, was replaced by unsubstituted heterocyclic rings. The ability of these agents to inactivate the DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (ATase), both as pure recombinant protein and in the human lymphoblastoid cell line Raji, has been compared with that of O6-benzylguanine. The present paper focuses on O6-substituents with basic rings, and under standard conditions several of them proved more effective than benzyl for inactivation of both recombinant and Raji ATase. Among the pyridine derivatives, the 2-picolyl compound 7 is not very active in contrast to the 3- and 4-picolyl compounds, and this influenced our choice of isomers of other basic ring systems for study. Since halogen substitution in the thiophene ring considerably increased the activity (17 versus 6), similar modifications in the pyridine series were examined. The more polar O6-substituents in this study are on the whole compatible with the stereochemical requirements of the ATase protein, and their pharmacological properties may be valuable in subsequent in vivo investigations, particularly the thenyl (6), 5-thiazolylmethyl (12), 5-bromothenyl (17), and 2-chloro-4-picolyl (21) derivatives.     

The O.R.T. (the Object Relations Technique): A reintroduction.

The purpose of my writing this essay is to familiarize readers with an interesting projective device called the O.R.T. (the Object Relations Technique), which has been described by James Grotstein as “an innovative and unique descendent of the heritage of projective testing on one hand and of projective aspects of psychoanalytic clinical technique on the other (1993, pp. 1).” It is an objectified (operationalized) method for the assessment of an individual’s actual, underlying models for relationship that has been employed primarily as a clinical therapeutic tool. Its history is as interesting as the technique itself. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Al2O3-ZrO2-Yb2O3 phase diagram. II. Liquidus surface

The liquidus surface for the Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-Yb₂O₃ phase diagram is constructed for the first time. No ternary compounds are found in the system. The liquidus surface is completed by seven primary crystallization fields. Two four-phase invariant eutectic equilibria, two four-phase invariant transition equilibria, and one three-phase invariant eutectic equilibrium are found in the ternary system. Since ZrO₂ interacts with other phases eutectically, composite materials can combine the unique properties of ZrO₂-based T-and F-phases with the properties of other phases of the Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-Yb₂O₃ system.     

Using the CPA code of ethics in I/O psychology.

Comments on S. Harvey's (see record 1994-43015-001) article on using the Canadian Psychological Association's (CPA's) Code of Ethics for psychologists in an organizational case. T. J. Kline disputes the necessity of developing specific standards for particular areas of practice because she contends that the CPA code is meant to serve as a guide and a conceptual device, not a body of law. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)