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1.
Jin-Seong Kim Ngoc-Huan Nguyen Myung-Eun Song Jong-Bong Lim Dong-Soo Paik Sahn Nahm Jong-Hoo Paik Byung-Hyun Choi Soon-Jae Yu 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2009,6(5):581-586
Bi2 O3 was added to a nominal composition of Zn1.8 SiO3.8 (ZS) ceramics to decrease their sintering temperature. When the Bi2 O3 content was <8.0 mol%, a porous microstructure with Bi4 (SiO4 )3 and SiO2 second phases was developed in the specimen sintered at 885°C. However, when the Bi2 O3 content exceeded 8.0 mol%, a liquid phase, which formed during sintering at temperatures below 900°C, assisted the densification of the ZS ceramics. Good microwave dielectric properties of Q × f =12,600 GHz, ɛr =7.6, and τf =−22 ppm/°C were obtained from the specimen with 8.0 mol% Bi2 O3 sintered at 885°C for 2 h. 相似文献
2.
Marina Villegas Amador C. Caballero Carlos Moure Pedro Durán José F. Fernández 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1999,82(9):2411-2416
High-temperature piezoelectric ceramics based on W6+ -doped Bi4 Ti3 O12 (W-BIT) were prepared by both the conventional mixing oxides and the chemical coprecipitation methods. Sintering was carried out between 800° and 1150°C in air. A rapid densification, >99% of the theoretical density (rhoth ) at 900°C/2 h, took place in the chemically prepared W6+ -doped Bi4 Ti3 O12 ceramics, whereas conventionally prepared BIT-based materials achieved a lower maximum density, ∼94% of rhoth , at higher temperature (1050°C). The microstructure study revealed a platelike morphology in both materials. Platelike grains were larger in the conventionally prepared W-BIT-based materials. The sintering behavior could be related both to the agglomeration state of the calcined powders and to the enlargement of the platelets at high temperature. The W6+ -doped BIT materials showed an electrical conductivity value 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than undoped samples. The electrical conductivity increased exponentially with the aspect ratio of the platelike grains. The addition of excess TiO2 produced a further decrease of the electrical conductivity. 相似文献
3.
Yanping Long Yilin Wang Wenjun Wu Dong Wang Yongxiang Li 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2009,92(11):2630-2633
The effect of B2 O3 –SiO2 liquid-phase additives on the sintering, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of LiNb0.63 Ti0.4625 O3 ceramics was investigated. It was found that the sintering temperature could be lowered easily, and the densification and dielectric properties of LiNb0.63 Ti0.4625 O3 ceramics could be greatly improved by adding a small amount of B2 O3 –SiO2 solution additives. No secondary phase was observed for the ceramics with B2 O3 –SiO2 additives. With the addition of 0.10 wt% B2 O3 –SiO2 , the ceramics sintered at 900°C showed favorable microwave dielectric properties with ɛr =71.7, Q × f =4950 GHz, and τf =−2.1 ppm/°C. The energy dispersive spectra analysis showed an excellent co-firing interfacial behavior between the LiNb0.63 Ti0.4625 O3 ceramic and the Ag electrode. It indicated that LiNb0.63 Ti0.4625 O3 ceramics with B2 O3 –SiO2 solution additives have a number of potential applications on passive integrated devices based on the low-temperature co-fired ceramics technology. 相似文献
4.
M. Algueró P. Ferrer E. Vila J. E. Iglesias A. Castro 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(11):3340-3347
The processing of ferroelectric Bi4 Ti3 O12 ceramics from powders prepared by wet no-coprecipitation chemistry (WNCC) and mechanochemical activation (MCA) has been investigated. Dense ceramics were obtained at sintering temperatures as low as 900°C. Exaggerated grain growth was observed for samples from WNCC, but not for those from MCA. Dielectric properties are discussed in relation to the type and concentration of defects, which is smaller for ceramic samples from WNCC. The activation energy of the dielectric relaxation for ceramics from MCA suggests that additional V O •• are present at the pseudoperovskite [Bi2 Ti3 O10 ]2− block in this case. 相似文献
5.
Yun Hou Min Wang Xiao-Hong Xu Dong Wang Hong Wang Shu-Xia Shang 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2002,85(12):3087-3089
Nanopowders of Bi2 Ti2 O7 were synthesized by a metallorganic decomposition (MOD) technique. Pure Bi2 Ti2 O7 nanocrystals formed after annealing at 550°C for 5 min. X-ray patterns show that Bi20 TiO32 is a metastable phase during Bi2 Ti2 O7 formation. It was found that there were two peaks in the curves of the dielectric response as a function of temperature for pressed nanocrystalline Bi2 Ti2 O7 samples. The Curie temperature decreases with decrease of grain size whereas the ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition temperature increases. The hysteresis loops observed also suggest that Bi2 Ti2 O7 might belong to a ferroelectric material. 相似文献
6.
Jinho Kim Toshio Kimura Takashi Yamaguchi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1989,72(8):1390-1395
The phase change, densification, and microstructure development of ZnO doped with both Bi2 O3 and Sb2 O3 are studied to better understand the sintering behavior of ZnO varistors. The densification behavior is related to the formation of pyrochlore and liquid phases; the densification is retarded by the former and promoted by the latter. The pyrochlore phase, whose composition is Bi3/2 ZnSb3/2 O7 , appears below 700°C. The formation temperature of the liquid phase depends on the Sb/Bi ratio: about 750°C for Sb/Bi < 1 by the eutectic melting in the system ZnO—Bi2 O3 , and about 1000°C for Sb/Bi > 1 by the reaction of the pyrochlore phase with ZnO. Hence, the densification rate is determined virtually by the Sb/Bi ratio and not by the total amount of additives. The microstructure depends on the sintering temperature. Sintering at 1000°C forms intragrain pyrochlore particles in ZnO grains as well as intergranular layers, but the intragrain particles disappear at 1200°C by the increased amount of liquid phase, which enhances the mobility of the solid second phase. 相似文献
7.
Sintering and Dielectric Characterization of Pseudoternary Compounds from the Bi2 O3 –TiO2 –TeO2 System
Using X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and measurements of the dielectric properties up to the MW frequency range, the characterization of Bi2 Ti3 TeO12 , Bi2 TiTeO8 , and Bi6 Ti5 TeO22 compounds, which all include Te6+ , was performed. As the processes of Te6+ reduction and the evaporation of TeO2 -containing species contribute to the presence of secondary phases, the preparation of single-phase ceramics is rather difficult. To minimize the amount of secondary phases during the firing process, the pellets were muffled in a corresponding compound and then fired in an autoclave furnace under 10 bars of oxygen pressure. By sintering the Bi2 Ti3 TeO12 , Bi2 TiTeO8 , and Bi6 Ti5 TeO22 between 840° and 1010°C, ceramics with ɛr ranging from 36 to 350, Q × f values from 220 to 12 500 GHz, and τf from +41 to +2600 ppm/K were obtained. 相似文献
8.
Hyo Tae Kim Myoung-Hwa Nam Jong-Hee Kim Sahn Nahm 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2009,6(5):587-592
Dolomite-type borate ceramics consisting of CaZrB2 O6 were synthesized via a conventional solid-state reaction route; low-temperature sintering was explored using Bi2 O3 –CuO additives of 1–7 wt% for low-temperature co-fired ceramics applications. For several sintering temperatures, the microwave dielectric properties and chemical resistance of the ceramics were investigated. The CaZrB2 O6 ceramics with 3 wt% Bi2 O3 –CuO addition could be sintered below 925°C, and the microwave dielectric properties of the low-temperature samples were ɛr =10.55, Q × f =87,350 GHz, and τf =+2 ppm/°C. The chemical resistance test result showed that both CaZrB2 O6 - and Bi2 O3 –CuO-added CaZrB2 O6 ceramics were durable in basic solution but were degraded in acid solution. 相似文献
9.
Ping-Hua Xiang Yoshiaki Kinemuchi Koji Watari Fei Cao Xian-Lin Dong 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(2):684-687
Highly textured Bi3 NbTiO9 ceramics are fabricated by normal sintering from molten salt-synthesized plate-like crystallites. Fine Bi3 NbTiO9 plate-like crystallites (∼1 μm) not only facilitate the densification, but also enhance texture in Bi3 NbTiO9 ceramics. Weak-agglomerated platelets exhibit higher sinterability and can be densified at a temperature as low as 1000°C, which is about 100°C lower than that of equiaxed powders prepared by directly calcining Bi3 NbTiO9 precursor. Meanwhile, the orientation degree of textured Bi3 NbTiO9 ceramics increases with sintering temperature. Highly oriented Bi3 NbTiO9 (orientation degree of ∼0.91) ceramic with a relative density of ∼92% is obtained at 1150°C. Because of the oriented grain microstructure, textured Bi3 NbTiO9 ceramic exhibits anisotropic electrical properties. 相似文献
10.
The electrical properties of a series of CaCu3 Ti4 O12 ceramics prepared by the mixed oxide route and sintered at 1115°C in air for 1–24 h to produce different ceramic microstructures have been studied by Impedance Spectroscopy. As-fired ceramics are electrically heterogeneous, consisting of semiconducting grains and insulating grain boundaries, and can be modelled to a first approximation on an equivalent circuit based on two parallel RC elements connected in series. The grain boundary resistance and capacitance values vary as a function of sintering time and correlate with the ceramic microstructure based on the brickwork layer model for electroceramics. The large range of apparent high permittivity values for CaCu3 Ti4 O12 ceramics is therefore attributed to variations in ceramic microstructure. The grain-boundary resistance decreases by three to four orders of magnitude after heat treatment in N2 at 800°–1000°C but can be recovered to the original value by heat treatment in O2 at 1000°C. The bulk resistivity decreases from ∼80 to 30 Ω·cm with increasing sintering time but is independent of heat treatment in N2 or O2 at 800°–1000°C. The origin of the bulk semiconductivity is discussed and appears to be related to partial decomposition of CaCu3 Ti4 O12 at the high sintering temperatures required to form dense ceramics, and not to oxygen loss. 相似文献
11.
The effect of the addition of V2 O5 on the structure, sintering and dielectric properties of M -phase (Li1+ x − y Nb1− x −3 y Ti x +4 y )O3 ceramics has been investigated. Homogeneous substitution of V5+ for Nb5+ was obtained in LiNb0.6(1− x ) V0.6 x Ti0.5 O3 for x ≤ 0.02. The addition of V2 O5 led to a large reduction in the sintering temperature and samples with x = 0.02 could be fully densified at 900°C. The substitution of vanadia had a relatively minor adverse effect on the microwave dielectric properties of the M -phase system and the x = 0.02 ceramics had [alt epsilon]r = 66, Q × f = 3800 at 5.6 GHz, and τf = 11 ppm/°C. Preliminary investigations suggest that silver metallization does not diffuse into the V2 O5 -doped M -phase ceramics at 900°C, making these materials potential candidates for low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) applications. 相似文献
12.
Rajiv Kudesia Anna E. McHale Robert L. Snyder 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1994,77(12):3215-3220
Dielectric ceramics of Zr0.8 Sn0.2 TiO4 containing La2 O3 and ZnO as sintering aids were prepared and investigated for microstructure and microwave dielectric properties. Low-level doping with La2 O3 and ZnO (up to 0.30 wt%) is good for densification and dielectric properties. These additives do not affect the dielectric constant and the temperature coefficient. Dielectric losses increase significantly at additive levels higher than 0.15 wt%. The combined additives La2 O3 and ZnO act as grain growth enhancers. With 0.15 wt% additives, a ceramic having a dielectric constant, a quality factor, and a temperature coefficient of frequency at 4.2 GHz of 37.6, 12 800, and –2.9 ppm/°C, respectively, was obtained. The quality factor was considerably improved by prolonged sintering. 相似文献
13.
Prem Prakash Ashish Garg Mukesh Kumar Roy Harish Chandra Verma 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2007,90(4):1295-1298
In this study, we report on the synthesis of nanopowders of ferroelectric Bi3.5 Nd0.5 Ti3 O12 ceramic at temperatures below 500°C via a simple chemical method using citric acid as a solvent. The calcined powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Heating the as-dried powders in air first leads to crystallization of the Bi2 Ti2 O7 phase at ∼310°C, followed by crystallization of the perovskite Nd-doped Bi4 Ti3 O12 phase at ∼490°C as suggested by the peaks in the DSC analysis and confirmed by the evolution of phases in XRD patterns of the powders calcined at various temperatures. TEM of particles calcined at 550°C for 1 h in air showed an average particle size of 50–60 nm. The temperature dependence of capacitance of nanopowders calcined at 700°C for 1 h in air showed a Curie temperature of ∼615°C evincing a ferroelectric transition. 相似文献
14.
Yasuo Cho Teruaki Kasahara Koichi Fukuda 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1999,82(7):1720-1724
Two-dimensional images of the distribution showing the temperature coefficient of the dielectric constant for two types of two-phase composite ceramics composed of TiO2 -Bi2 Ti4 O11 and BaTi4 O9 -BaPr2 Ti4 O12 were obtained using scanning photothermal dielectric microscopy. The images of the TiO2 -Bi2 Ti4 O11 ceramic showed that the TiO2 and Bi2 Ti4 O11 grains had negative and positive temperature coefficients, respectively, and that the macroscopic averaged temperature coefficient of the ceramic was relatively low because of the cancellation of the opposite signs of the coefficients. On the other hand, the images of the BaTi4 O9 -BaPr2 Ti4 O12 ceramic showed that the temperature coefficient of both grains had the same sign (negative), although their absolute values were quite different. 相似文献
15.
Hidehiro Yoshida Koji Morita Byung-Nam Kim Keijiro Hiraga Masayasu Kodo Kohei Soga Takahisa Yamamoto 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2008,91(5):1707-1710
We investigated the densification of undoped, nanocrystalline yttria (Y2 O3 ) powder by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at sintering temperatures between 650°C and 1050°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min and an applied stress of 83 MPa. In spite of the low sinterability of the undoped Y2 O3 , a remarkable densification of the powder started at about 600°C, and a theoretical density of more than 97% was achieved at a sintering temperature of 850°C with a grain size of about 500 nm. The low temperature SPS is effective for fabricating dense Y2 O3 polycrystals. 相似文献
16.
The sintering behavior and dielectric properties of Bi3 NbO7 ceramics prepared by the high-energy ball milling (HEM) method and conventional mixed oxides method with V2 O5 addition were investigated. All the samples were sintered between 840° and 960°C. For the ceramics prepared by the mixed oxides method, the pure tetragonal Bi3 NbO7 phase formed without any cubic phase. With changing sintering temperature, the dielectric constant ɛr lies between 79 and 92, while the Q × f values are between 300 and 640 GHz. The samples sintered at 870°C have the best microwave dielectric properties with ɛr =79, Q × f =640 GHz, and the temperature coefficients of resonant frequency τf between 0 and −20 ppm/°C. For the ceramics prepared by the HEM, a pure cubic phase was obtained. The ɛr changes between 78 and 80 and Q × f were between 200 and 290 GHz. 相似文献
17.
Synthesis of BaCu(B2 O5 ) Ceramics and their Effect on the Sintering Temperature and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ba(Zn1/3 Nb2/3 )O3 Ceramics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Min-Han Kim Jong-Bong Lim Jae-Chul Kim Sahn Nahm Jong-Hoo Paik Jong-Hee Kim Kyeong-Soon Park 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(10):3124-3128
BaCu(B2 O5 ) ceramics were synthesized and their microwave dielectric properties were investigated. BaCu(B2 O5 ) phase was formed at 700°C and melted above 850°C. The BaCu(B2 O5 ) ceramic sintered at 810°C had a dielectric constant (ɛr ) of 7.4, a quality factor ( Q × f ) of 50 000 GHz and a temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (τf ) of −32 ppm/°C. As the BaCu(B2 O5 ) ceramic had a low melting temperature and good microwave dielectric properties, it can be used as a low-temperature sintering aid for microwave dielectric materials for low temperature co-fired ceramic application. When BaCu(B2 O5 ) was added to the Ba(Zn1/3 Nb2/3 )O3 (BZN) ceramic, BZN ceramics were well sintered even at 850°C. BaCu(B2 O5 ) existed as a liquid phase during the sintering and assisted the densification of the BZN ceramic. Good microwave dielectric properties of Q × f =16 000 GHz, ɛr =35, and τf =22.1 ppm/°C were obtained for the BZN+6.0 mol% BaCu(B2 O5 ) ceramic sintered at 875°C for 2 h. 相似文献
18.
Beata Zalinska Mehdi Mirsaneh Ian M. Reaney 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2009,92(9):1981-1985
The effect of a bespoke glass sintering aid, 0.3Bi2 O3 –0.3Nb2 O5 –0.3B2 O3 –0.1SiO2 (BN1), developed from the base ceramic composition, BiNbO4 (BN), on the sinterability, microstructure, and microwave (MW) dielectric properties of BN ceramics has been investigated. Densities >97% theoretical could be achieved at 1020°C for samples with up to 15% BN1 additions. The resulting microstructure was composed of BN laths surrounded by a residual glass phase that contained small fibrous crystals. Some evidence of dissolution of BN crystals was observed. Optimum properties were exhibited for samples with 15 wt% of glass addition sintered for 4 h at 1020°C with a relative permittivity ɛr =38, a MW quality factor Q × f 0 =17 353 at 5.6 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency τf =−10 ppm/°C. The high Q × f 0 , ɛr , and low τf , coupled with a relatively low sintering temperature, suggest that the use of bespoke glass sintering aids of this type may have great potential for the fabrication of MW ceramics. 相似文献
19.
Extended defects in ZnO ceramics containing, 6 wt% Bi4 Ti3 O12 were studied by analytical electron microscopy. Apart from basal plane condensation stacking faults, which are also present in as-received ZnO, extended defects related to the presence of Bi4 Ti3 O12 were observed. In samples sintered at 900°C they lie in the basal or in the prismatic planes and they quite often form closed loops, whereas they form serpentine-shaped boundaries in samples sintered at 1200°C. Evidence is given that they are inversion boundaries. Their TEM image characteristics, as well as the unambiguous presence of Ti at the boundaries, suggest that they are formed due to the presence of 2-D coherent precipitates of Ti-rich (possibly Zn2 TiO4 -type spinel) phase. 相似文献
20.
A possibility to produce microwave (MW) dielectric materials by liquid-phase sintering of fine particles was investigated. Zn3 Nb2 O8 powders with a grain size 50–300 nm were obtained by the thermal decomposition of freeze-dried Zn–Nb hydroxides or frozen oxalate solutions. The crystallization of Zn3 Nb2 O8 from amorphous decomposition products was often accompanied by the simultaneous formation of ZnNb2 O6 . Maximum sintering activity was observed for single-phase crystalline Zn3 Nb2 O8 powders obtained at the lowest temperature. The sintering of as-obtained powders with CuO–V2 O5 sintering aids results in producing MW dielectric ceramics with a density 93%–97% of the theoretical, and a Q × f product up to 36 000 GHz at sintering temperature ( T s )≥680°C. The high level of MW dielectric properties of ceramics was ensured by intensive grain growth during the densification and the thermal processing of ceramics. 相似文献