市售食品中反式脂肪酸的监测结果分析

目的:了解食品中反式脂肪酸(TFAs)含量及其来源,为评估食品反式脂肪含量的现状提供依据,为食品安全标准的执行效力、标准制(修)订和有针对性的监管措施提供科学依据。方法:采集49个品牌759份食品样品,按照GB 5009.257-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中反式脂肪酸的测定》检测食品中反式脂肪酸含量。结果:63.4%的被检食品中含有反式脂肪酸,其中威化饼干、夹心蛋糕、蛋黄派、代可可脂及巧克力制品、速溶咖啡、速溶麦片、冰淇淋、炸薯条和蛋挞中反式脂肪酸检出率超过50%,蛋黄派和蛋挞是含量较高的食品类别。结论:加工食品配方标识中,有关"氢化油"和反式脂肪酸的标注名称没有统一标准,需加强食品标签中脂肪含量和反式脂肪酸来源信息。     

焙烤食品反式脂肪酸标注情况及消费者态度调查

目的:调查反式脂肪酸(TFAs)在焙烤食品中的存在和标注情况,研究消费者对TFAs的认知和态度,以及在告知TFAs害处之后购买意向的变化。方法:对北京海淀区4家大型超市的焙烤类食品的标签进行了调查;以问卷的形式调查了在相应超市购物的500名消费者。结果:标注TFAs的产品仅占总被调查产品数的1.6%。原料中使用的油脂名称混乱,标注不规范。含有TFAs的油脂在饼干类产品中排名最为靠前。消费者普遍消费含有TFAs的食品,其中14%的消费者经常购买这类食品,女性消费频次高于男性。消费者对TFAs的危害及来源缺乏了解,但99.6%的消费者支持对其进行标注。在告知TFAs的危害之后,94.2%的消费者表示会减少相关食品的消费,对标签上原料信息的关注度也显著提高。结论:在焙烤类食品标签上增加反式脂肪酸的标注,有助于消费者选择健康食物。     

上海地区部分市售食品中反式脂肪酸含量与组成分析

目的了解上海地区部分市售食品中的反式脂肪酸(trans-fatty acids,TFAs)含量以及异构体组成,为开展TFAs的风险评估和食品选择提供参考。方法于2011年1～6月在上海市超市、面包店或快餐店中抽取具有代表性的9大类共106种市售食品,包括植物油、乳及乳制品、休闲食品、方便食品、快餐食品、饮料、小吃甜饼、调味品和畜禽肉及制品,采用银离子固相萃取(Ag+-SPE)结合气相色谱方法检测TFAs含量。结果抽检样品中的TFAs以反式油酸(t C18∶1)为主,反式多不饱和脂肪酸含量较少。除黑咖啡外,其余105种食品均检测到TFAs,其中,巧克力派的TFAs含量最高(1 711.58 mg/100 g)。反刍动物食品和含乳及乳制品的食品中11t C18∶1异构体含量较高(占总TFAs的53.9%～100.0%)。富含氢化油的休闲食品中9t C18∶1异构体含量较高(占总TFAs的14.3%～87.7%)。猪肉和牛肉经加工后TFAs含量有不同程度降低。结论市售食品中普遍检测到TFAs,食物成分和加工过程不同总TFAs含量及异构体组成存在较大差异,预包装休闲食品和西式甜饼店食品含有较多的TFAs。     

GC-MS面积归-化法测定食品中的反式脂肪酸

食品中反式脂肪酸(trans fatty acids,简称TFAs)会激发多种疾病.由于反式脂肪酸和顺式脂肪酸性质非常相似,难于定量检测.本方法采用石油醚提取食品中脂肪,经甲酯化反应后,采用100 m长HP-88毛细管柱.程序升温,采用GC-MS面积归-化法检测.结果显示顺、反式脂肪酸的分离效果良好.本方法准确,可靠,简捷,可作为检测食品中反式脂肪酸含量的推广方法.     

反式脂肪酸的危害及台湾快餐业烹饪用油反式脂肪酸含量调查

近年来,部分氢化植物油脂产品中的反式脂肪酸(TFAs)对健康的危害已被医学研究证明。世界上许多国家对食品中的反式脂肪酸进行了标注或限量管理。中国广大消费者对反式脂肪酸食品安全性问题也越来越关注。本文综述了台湾对含反式脂肪酸食品的管理规范,并对台北市主要快餐业使用的烹调油以及台湾油脂加工企业生产的油脂产品中的反式脂肪酸进行调查。结果表明,25种被检油脂样品中,19种检出样品的反式脂肪酸含量在0.8%～33.9%之间。     

GC-MS面积归一化法测定食品中的反式脂肪酸

食品中反式脂肪酸（trans fatty acids,简称TFAs）会激发多种疾病,由于反式脂肪酸和顺式脂肪酸性质非常相似,难于定量检测。本方法采用石油醚提取食品中脂肪,经甲酯化反应后,采用100m长HP-88毛细管柱、程序升温、采用GGMs面积归—化法检测。结果显示顺、反式脂肪酸的分离效果良好,本方法准确、可靠、简捷,可作为检测食品中反式脂肪酸含量的推广方法．     

食品中17种反式脂肪酸的气相色谱测定方法

本文建立了适合食品中反式脂肪酸(Trans Fatty Acids,TFAs)的检测方法,并采集典型样品对其中的反式脂肪酸的含量进行测定,以了解其中的TFAs水平。加入内标物的试样(油脂试样除外)经水解-乙醚溶液提取其中的脂肪后,在碱性条件下皂化和甲酯化,生成脂肪酸甲酯,经毛细管气相色谱分析,内标法定量计算。结果表明,本研究条件下的反式脂肪酸甲酯能够有较好的分离,线性良好,线性相关系数R2均大于0.99。所采集的样品中有不同含量水平的反式脂肪酸,主要包括以下几类t C14∶1、t C15∶1、t C16∶1、t C18∶1、t C18∶2,根据样品类别的不同所含有的反式脂肪酸的类别也有所差异。     

怎样看待营养标签中的零值

正2013年1月1日起,《预包装食品营养标签通则》正式实施。去超市购物的时候,很多人会发现,自从该通则开始实施后,许多食品营养标签中很多项目的标注值都为"0"。比如,明明配料表中写着氢化植物油等配料,反式脂肪酸这一项却赫然标注为"0";明明食物中用到食用油,胆固醇这一项目也标注为"0",给人自相矛盾的感觉。这是怎么回事呢?标注"0"不等于没有一般来说,如果一种食品标示使用了氢化植物油、植脂末、起酥油、人造奶油等,那么这种食品就会含有反式脂肪酸。新的营养标签通则开始实施后,按要求反式脂肪酸的含量必须标注,但却有很多食品都将其标注为"0"了。比如一款面包,配料表中标示着含有小麦粉、水、白砂糖、人造奶油,然而其营养标签却标示为脂肪2 g,反式脂肪酸为"0"。这是不是有     

环球速递

正欧盟拟设定食品中反式脂肪酸限量近日,欧盟成员投票表决通过对食品中反式脂肪酸设定限量的举措。据悉,欧盟可能采用设定限量或强制标注加自我管理的模式来限制食品中反式脂肪酸的含量。2003年,丹麦最先在欧盟成员国中设定食品中反式脂肪酸限量,随后奥地利、匈牙利、芬兰等纷纷制定有关反式脂肪酸的不同管理规定。2015年,美国取消反式脂     

油脂食品中反式脂肪酸含量研究

本文采用毛细管气相色谱法对我国市场上的著片、炸鸡、麻花和饼干等常见的几类油脂食品中反式脂肪酸含量进行定量分析,结果表明,薯片和方便面面饼中反式脂肪酸含量较少,基本在1％以下;饼干中反式脂肪酸含量以夹心类饼干最高,一般在3％以上,最高可达18．30％,酥性饼干和曲奇中反式脂肪酸含量则一般在3％以下;蛋黄派中反式脂肪酸含量为0．97％－18．21％;洋快餐食品（薯条、炸鸡）和中国传统油炸食品（油条、麻花）中反式脂肪酸含量与油炸时间和煎炸油反复使用的周期有关,其测定值存在显著差异。反式脂肪酸含量低可在1％以下。高可迭13％以上。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Content of selenium in fishes,caught in lakes in Buriatia

Study of selenium accumulation by fish of Buryatia shows relatively high accumulation level for the Baikal lake (213-513 mcg/kg) contrary to the lakes of Baunt and Selenginsk regions of the republic (84-227 mcg/kg). Selenium deficiency in Baunt region is also confirmed by low selenium levels in meat of native origin (39-95 mcg/kg). Among different tissues and organs the lowest selenium levels are typical for muscles, the value increasing in the row: muscle < skin < air bladder < scales < fin < liver < roe.     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。