还原铬渣做水泥混合材

从理论和实践两个方面阐述了还原铬渣做水泥混合材的可行性。研究对比了掺加还原铬渣前后两种水泥制品的各种性能指标，得出了还原铬渣替代水泥混合材的最佳掺加量。结果表明，还原铬渣掺加量为水泥总质量的3％时，各项数值均符合GBl75—1999标准。水泥制品溶出的六价铬远远小于废水最大允许排放量。     

掺烧少量铬渣对水泥生产的影响解毒原理与效果

自1976年化工部组织铬盐攻关会战以来，铬渣用于制水泥的开发工作一直没有停顿，先后有十数个化工、冶金及建材部门的工作和研究单位参与，1981年冶金建筑研究总院[1]就铬渣与煤粉混合还原后作水泥的混合材进行了研究，苏州东升化工厂[2]也作了试验。裕兴化工厂就是用干法解毒铬渣作为混合材用于水泥，用量逐年增加，1989年利用铬渣6000吨，1993年达到9192吨；随后又开发成功用解毒铬渣制彩色水泥和水泥砂浆料[3]，利用立窑掺烧少量铬渣烧制水泥熟料也陆续在一批小水泥厂工业化，迄今大约有十家铬盐厂（包括已停产的小铬盐厂）的铬渣不同程度地用于制水泥，其中剑南化工厂建厂以来的铬渣已全部用于水泥厂作为矿化剂制成水泥，厂区内仅有少量周转渣堆存，取得了良好经济与环境效益[4]。     

用钡渣作矿化剂烧制硅酸盐水泥的研究

利用含钡工业废渣作矿化剂 ,烧制硅酸盐水泥 ,降低硅酸盐水泥的烧成温度 ,改善硅酸盐水泥性能 ,探讨钡渣作为矿化剂时其掺量对水泥熟料强度的影响 ,并找出最佳掺入方案     

镁渣用作水泥混合材的实践

从试验结果来看,P·O42.5级水泥生产时掺加5%~10%镁渣最适宜,质量均满足GB175-2007标准要求。同时考虑到要生产满足标准要求的其它通用水泥品种,工业生产时的镁渣掺加量上限要控制在10%。实践证明:镁渣作为水泥混合材,只要掺量适当,能提高水泥的易磨性和磨机台时产量,还能降低水泥生产成本;水泥比表面积有较大增加,强度有所提高,各项指标均能完全达到GB175-2007标准的要求。     

用钡渣作矿化剂煅烧硅酸盐水泥熟料的研究

单掺钡渣或与萤石复掺作矿化剂,在实验室烧制硅酸盐水泥熟料,测定了所制水泥的强度。结果表明,在试验的掺量范围内,掺钡渣的试样强度均比空白样高,熟料中BaO含量存在一最佳值,钡渣超过一定量时,会限制强度的发挥。复掺0．7％的萤石的试样各龄期强度均比单掺钡渣的试样强度高。对水泥水化样作了SEM分析,并分析了钡渣的作用机理。     

黑渣粉掺量对水泥性能影响的研究

本文利用"黑渣粉",即煤变油项目排出的尾渣作为配制水泥的混合材,研究了不同掺量黑渣粉a(无石膏掺加的黑渣粉)、黑渣粉b(石膏掺量为10%的黑渣粉)对水泥的凝结时间、胶砂流动度、标准稠度用水量、胶砂强度的性能影响。试验结果表明:黑渣粉的掺入可降低水泥胶砂流动度,降低水泥凝结时间,水泥标准稠度用水量有所增加,但增加幅度不大;黑渣粉掺量越大,水泥强度下降幅度越大,当掺量为30%时,水泥胶砂抗压强度不符合技术要求。综上所述,黑渣粉掺量范围在10%~20%,水泥各项性能均能达到标准要求。     

5000t/d窑处置铬渣生产水泥熟料的工业实践

用铬渣作水泥生产原料是消除铬渣对环境和生态危害且无二次污染的良好途径。文章分析探讨了水泥窑进行铬渣无公害处理的可行性,并就山东东华水泥有限公司成功实现用铬渣配料生产的工业实践和成效作了介绍。结果表明在技术方案和配套措施得当的情况,在确保水泥质量的前提下,用铬渣配料生产可使炉用煤耗降低5%,熟料产量提高8.5%;且熟料Cr6 的溶出量仅为0.030mg/l,远远低于国家允许的废水中Cr6 最大排放浓度0.5mg/l的标准。     

金属镁渣在水泥生产中的应用实践

通过实验研究了在生料中掺加镁渣对熟料煅烧、辊磨系统运行及用作非活性混合材对水泥性能的影响。实验结果和生产实践表明，生料中的镁渣掺量≥8.0%时，可明显改善生料易烧性，大幅提高熟料的抗压强度；镁渣中含有少量Ca F2，可起到矿化剂和晶种的作用，可改善生料易烧性；用镁渣代替水泥中的石灰石和炉渣等非活性混合材，可提高水泥3d抗压强度，但不会影响水泥的抗收缩性能。     

大掺量市政污泥水泥窑协同处置应用

为了提高熟料质量,节能降耗,并能利用工业废弃渣生产水泥,获取最佳的经济效益和社会效益,新疆石河子南山水泥厂在机立窑上进行了用萤石-柠檬酸渣作复合矿化剂并采用全黑生料生产的实践探索。结果表明,该复合矿化剂的矿化效果优于萤石-石膏复合矿化剂,其熟料产量提高5％,熟料烧成煤耗下降5％;而且熟料质量提高,w(f-CaO)<3％,R_(28)>55.5 MPa。但生产操作中,应采取提高生料质量和料球质量,合理控制煅烧温度及复合矿化剂的掺量等一系列技术措施,作者对这些配套措施和要求也作了详细介绍。     

铬铁渣水泥固化体水溶性Cr6+溶出规律及其水化产物

铬铁渣无害化处理与资源化利用主要集中在水泥建筑材料的应用上,但由于缺乏对铬铁渣水泥固化体固化、养护过程及其水化产物中水溶性Cr6+溶出规律和水化反应程度及水化产物的了解,从而限制了铬铁渣的资源化和规模化安全利用水平。以青海某厂铬铁渣为研究对象,对其水溶性Cr6+溶出规律及其水化产物做了研究。结果表明：水溶性Cr6+和Cr3+参与了水泥的水化反应,形成了稳定的水化产物,随着铬铁渣掺量的增加,水泥-铬铁渣复合胶凝材料水化过程中水溶性Cr6+量呈上升趋势,当掺量不大于15%时,水溶性Cr6+质量分数不超过0.000 19%,符合利用铬渣作水泥混合材的标准;铬铁渣作水泥混合材的最佳掺量是10%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。