真空低压消失模壳型铸造和消失模铸造铝合金组织和性能对比

利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫错电镜(SEM)等对真空低压消失模壳型铸造和消失模铸造A356铝合金的组织和性能进行对比分析。结果表明:真空低压消失模壳型铸造A356铝合金组织比消失模铸造A356铝合金组织细小、致密,其初生相晶粒尺寸和共晶硅尺寸都远小于消失模铸造铝合金的,孔隙率低于消失模铸造铝合金的、密度高于消失模铸造铝合金的。真空低压消失模壳型铸造A356合金的拉伸断裂方式以韧性断口为主,消失模铸造铝合金的断裂方式以脆性断口为主;铸件经T6热处理后的抗拉强度、伸长率和布氏硬度分别达到278.27 MPa、8.10%和93.1HB,较消失模铸件的分别提高了20.2%、166.4%和17.6%;其铸件表面质量也优于消失模铸件的表面质量。     

铸造工艺对铝合金组织及性能的影响

对A356铝合金分别采用真空低压消失模壳型铸造及消失模铸造工艺进行铸造,并对铸造后铝合金组织和性能进行观察对比。结果表明:铝合金实施真空低压消失模壳型铸造组织细小、密度优于消失模铸造,并且实施T6热处理之后抗拉强度、伸长率以及布氏硬度也显著高于消失模铸造工艺。真空低压消失模壳型铸造工艺拉伸断裂多为韧性断口,消失模铸造工艺拉伸断裂多为脆性断口。因此,真空低压消失模壳型铸造工艺铝合金组织性能优于消失模铸造工艺。     

铸造A356铝合金的拉伸性能及其断口分析

研究了铸造A356-T6铝合金板不同位置处的拉伸性能。采用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜对拉伸断口及断口纵剖面的组织形貌进行了观察分析。试验结果表明，铸造A356-T6铝合金的拉伸屈服强度随离浇道口平面距离的增加而减小，断裂强度则是先减小然后再增大，而延伸率随高度变化不明显。铸造A356-T6铝合金的平均屈服强度、断裂强度、延伸率和断面收缩率分别为216．64MPa，224MPa，1．086％和0．194％。断口分析表明拉伸断口的表面分布着杂质、孔洞、铸造缩孔和氧化膜等缺陷，断口表面也存在开裂的由碳、氧、铁、镁、铝和硅元素形成的复合粒子。铸造A356-T6铝合金在拉伸过程中，裂纹萌生于共晶硅粒子与基体结合处，并沿枝晶胞之间的共晶区域进行扩展，当前进的裂纹遇到取向不一致的共晶硅粒子时，裂纹将截断共晶硅粒子。铸造A356-T6铝合金拉伸断裂方式为沿胞（即穿晶）断裂的准解理断。     

T6处理对Al-Sr中间合金变质的A356铝合金组织与性能的影响

在传统的A356铝合金中加入Al-10Sr中间合金压铸成型制备新型的铝合金轮毂材料,通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究了铸态及T6热处理态A356铝合金的组织及其性能,分析了合金的断裂机制。结果表明:铸态A356合金中铁基化合物主要为β相(Al5FeSi);经T6工艺处理后,共晶Si粒子的边角更加圆润,Mg2Si完全固溶于铝基体中,合金组织得到改善;铸态及热处理态A356铝合金试样的拉伸断口均有大量韧窝存在,合金呈现较好的塑性;但T6热处理态A356铝合金的断口处韧窝与铸态相比更加均匀,合金的塑性提高;合金的断裂机制为韧窝+解理断裂的复合断裂机制。     

稀土Ce对半固态A356合金流变挤压组织性能影响

采用稀土Ce对A356铝合金进行了变质处理,利用实验室自主研发的强制对流搅拌设备(FCR)制备半固态浆料,将制备的浆料进行挤压铸造。研究了稀土Ce对半固态流变挤压A356铝合金初生α铝相和共晶硅相组织形貌的影响,并探索了Ce含量对流变挤压件力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,稀土Ce的添加细化了初生α铝晶粒和共晶硅相形貌,并且稀土Ce的添加量在0.6%时细化效果最明显;当Ce的质量分数为0.6%时,合金在铸态和T6(535℃固溶8 h+155℃时效5 h)状态下的抗拉强度分别达到了216 MPa和299 MPa,比未添加稀土Ce时分别提高了12.6%和15.2%,伸长率在T6热处理之后也得到了大幅度的改善。     

铸造铝合金轮毂的热处理工艺与组织性能研究

研究了固溶和时效热处理以及涂装对A356合金轮毂的力学性能和显微组织的影响,并对拉伸断口形貌进行了观察。结果表明,A356合金轮毂适宜的热处理工艺为:固溶温度为530℃、固溶时间为3 h、淬火温度为60℃、淬火时间为120 min、时效温度为160℃和时效时间3 h;铸态A356合金轮毂由初生α-Al枝晶和不均匀分布的共晶硅相组成,T6和T6+涂装态A356合金中的共晶硅相发生球化,尺寸相对较小且分布更加均匀;A356合金轮毂的抗拉强度和断后伸长率从高至低依次为T6+涂装态、T6态、铸态。     

铸造A356铝合金的微观组织及其拉伸性能研究

采用T6工艺对消失模铸造的A356铝合金进行了热处理,并对其微观组织形貌、显微组织特征值、拉伸性能及其断口形貌进行了测试和分析.结果表明,铸造A356-T6铝合金基体中分布着约2 μm长,100 nm宽,小者只有几个纳米的针状Mg2Si粒子,并且发现经T6工艺热处理后在铸造A356铝合金中存在椭圆状Al8Si6Mg3Fe金属间化合物.定量金相分析表明,铸造A356铝合金的平均枝晶胞尺寸(DCS)、二次枝晶臂间距(SDAS)、共晶Si的长、宽值分别为55 μm、63 μm、20 μm和10 μm;热处理后A356合金的这些参数值分别变为50 μm、75 μm、30 μm和13 μm.铸造A356-T6铝合金试样的拉伸断口显示其断裂为韧性断裂与脆性断裂的混和模式.屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为240 MPa、254.8 MPa和1.16%.     

A356铝合金显微结构及拉伸断口分析

本文对A356铝合金进行了金相及场发射扫描电镜试验,对分布在初生a-Al基体上的共晶硅相、富铁相及气孔等进行了观察,分析了它们的分布特征、形貌及影响;用扫描电镜观察铝合金的拉伸断口形貌,表明其断裂是以脆性断裂为主的混合断裂,并研究了其断裂过程及机理.     

T6处理对 ZL105A 铸造铝合金组织和性能的影响

对ZL105A铸造铝合金进行了T6处理。研究了铸态和经T6处理后该合金的显微组织、力学性能和拉伸试样断口形貌。结果表明,T6处理后,ZL105A合金组织更细小、均匀,硬度、抗拉强度大幅度提高,断后伸长率降低。     

稀土Er对汽车轮毂用A356铝合金组织与性能的影响

采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉伸试验机、显微硬度计等分析手段,研究了稀土Er含量对铸态A356铝合金显微组织、拉伸性能和硬度的影响,探讨了Er元素的作用机制。结果表明:不同Er含量A356铝合金的组织都由初生α-Al相和共晶硅组成,添加0. 2%～0. 7%(质量分数,下同)的Er后,A356铝合金的晶粒明显细化,且α-Al晶粒尺寸和二次枝晶间距减小;未添加Er的A356铝合金中共晶硅呈粗大条状或块状,Er改性后的A356铝合金中共晶硅主要呈短棒或颗粒状。随着Er含量的增加,A356铝合金中共晶硅的宽径比先减小后增大,当Er的质量分数为0. 4%时达到最小值; A356铝合金的抗拉强度、硬度和断后伸长率都表现为先升高而后降低的趋势,当Er的质量分数为0. 4%时达到最大值。在A356铝合金中添加一定量的Er,可以起细化晶粒、改善共晶硅相形态、固溶强化和弥散强化的作用,适合的Er元素添加量为0. 4%。     

Microstructure,tensile properties and fractography of A356 alloy under as-cast and T6 obtained with expendable pattern shell casting process

The microstructure, tensile properties and fractography of A356 alloy were studied under as-cast and T6 conditions obtained with expendable pattern shell casting, and the results were compared with lost foam casting (LFC). The results indicate that a(Al) primary, eutectic silicon and Mg₂Si are the main phases in the microstructure of A356 alloy obtained with this casting process. The eutectic silicon particles are spheroidized and uniformly distributed at the grain boundaries after T6 treatment. The average length, average width and aspect ratio of eutectic silicon particles after T6 condition decrease. The sizes of a(Al) primary phase and eutectic silicon of this casting process are smaller than those of LFC. The tensile strength, elongation and hardness of A356 alloy after T6 obviously increase, they reach 260.53 MPa, 6.15% and 86.0, respectively and have a significant improvement compared to LFC. The fracture surfaces of expendable pattern shell casting show a mixed quasi-cleavage and dimple fracture morphology as a transgranular fracture nature. However, the fracture surfaces of LFC display a brittle fracture.     

Microstructure and Properties of Secondary Al-12%Si Alloy Rapidly Quenched from the Melt

In this study, the effect of rapid quenching from the melt is investigated on the solidification microstructure and tensile properties of a secondary Al–12%Si alloy, which was cast in ingots measuring 45 mm in diameter and 200 mm in height. Compared with conventional casting into metallic molds, significant refinement of all the microstructural constituents was observed under the effect of rapid quenching, including primary α-Al, primary silicon, the eutectic and iron-rich intermetallics. The coarse plate-like to fine fibrous transition of eutectic silicon, and the change of coarse plate and needle-shaped iron-rich intermetallic phase particles to a well-dispersed morphology accompanied the microstructure refinement. Both the microstructure refinement and the favorable morphological changes of the phases resulted in the enhanced of tensile properties and more ductile fracture behavior of the alloy. T2 heat treatment additionally increases elongation of the rapidly quenched alloy.     

T6热处理对Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101/ZL101-Mg基复合材料组织和力学性能影响的研究

通过半固态搅拌铸造的方法制备了Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101基及ZL101-Mg基复合材料,研究了T6热处理对该复合材料微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,T6热处理对Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101基复合材料和Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101+Mg基复合材料中SiC颗粒的分布没有明显影响。但T6热处理使Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101复合材料中共晶硅细化,Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101+Mg复合材料中共晶硅长大变粗。T6热处理对Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101复合材料抗拉强度的平均提升率达到了54.44%,对其伸长率的平均提升率为5.47%。对Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101+Mg复合材料抗拉强度的平均提升率为13.52%,对其伸长率的平均提升率为31.5%。     

Effect of TiN-Coated Al Powders on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A356 Alloy

The core/shell nano-TiN-coated Al powders (TiN/Al) were prepared and added into A356 alloy by ultrasonic-assisted casting method in this work. The results show that TiN/Al has a better dispersion in A356 matrix and a stronger strengthening effect than TiN without the core/shell structure. With the addition of TiN/Al, most of the coarse primary α-Al dendrites of A356 turn into equiaxial. After T6 heat treatment, it is found that eutectic silicon in A356 with TiN/Al becomes columnar or globular in shape and smaller in size, which causes a greatly enhanced elongation of 11.7%. The results also suggest that the addition of nanoparticles can affect the precipitation behaviors and change the shapes and sizes of the precipitation.     

The indirect ultrasonic vibration process for rheo-squeeze casting of A356 aluminum alloy

The semisolid slurry of A356 Al alloy was prepared by indirect ultrasonic vibration (IUV) method and then formed by direct squeeze casting (SC). The effects of squeeze pressure and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of rheo-squeeze casting (RSC) A356 Al alloy were investigated. The results indicate that with the increase of squeeze pressure, the average diameter of primary α-Al particles decreased, while the densities and mechanical properties of the samples increased. The effect of T6 heat treatment on the mechanical properties is more significant in RSC samples than in conventional SC samples. The tensile strength and elongation of T6 heat treated RSC samples under 100 MPa pressure are 338 MPa and 8%, respectively.     

热处理工艺对高真空压铸Mg–8Gd–3Y–0.4Zr镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究T4和T6热处理状态下高真空压铸Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr（质量分数,%）合金的微观组织、化合物含量、力学性能及断裂行为。铸态Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr合金微观组织主要由α-Mg和共晶Mg24（Gd,Y）5化合物组成。经固溶处理后,共晶化合物大量溶解于镁基体,合金主要含过饱和α-Mg及方块相。固溶合金中方块相的含量随固溶温度的升高而增大,力学性能也有所提高。根据微观组织结果,确定475℃,2 h为Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr合金最优固溶方案。合金的最佳屈服强度为222.1 MPa,延伸率可达15.4%。铸态,T4状态下和T6状态下合金的拉伸断裂模式为穿晶准解理断裂。     

超声半固态流变挤压成形Al-20Si-2Cu-0.4Mg-1Ni合金的组织特征(英文)

通过超声振动半固态流变挤压铸造工艺制造汽车空调压缩机铝硅合金斜盘零件,研究合金的组织特征。发现在Al20Si2Cu0.4Mg1Ni合金的组织中,除了通常具有的初晶Si和α(Al)+β-Si共晶相之外,还有非平衡α(Al)颗粒或枝晶。挤压铸造过程中的较快的冷却速度而非压力是非平衡α(Al)相形成的主要原因。在半固态浆料的制备过程中,超声振动的声压作用能促进非平衡α(Al)相在共晶温度以上生成,并生长为非枝晶颗粒。超声处理的过共晶AlSi合金中的非平衡α(Al)相由共晶温度以上生成的圆形α(Al)晶粒和少量共晶温度以下生成的细小α(Al)枝晶构成。由于超声振动的作用使α(Al)基体中的Si的固溶度增加,并使初晶Si的形成温度降低,组织中初晶Si颗粒的体积分数显著降低。流变挤压斜盘中的初晶Si颗粒的平均直径和体积率分别为24.3μm和11.1%。     

Characterization of A390 aluminum alloy produced at different slow shot speeds using vacuum assisted high pressure die casting

The effects of vacuum assistance on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high pressure die cast A390 alloy at different slow shot speeds were evaluated. Plate-shaped specimens of hypereutectic A390 aluminum alloy were produced on a TOYO BD-350V5 cold chamber die casting machine incorporated with a self-improved TOYO vacuum system. According to the results, the vacuum pressure inside the die cavity increased linearly with the increasing slow shot speed at the beginning of mold filling. Meanwhile, tensile properties of vacuum die castings were deteriorated by the porosity content. In addition, the average primary silicon size decreased from 23 to 14 µm when the slow shot speed increased from 0.05 to 0.2 m/s, which has a binary functional relationship with the slow shot speed. After heat treatment, microstructural morphologies revealed that needle-shaped and thin-flaked eutectic silicon particles became rounded while Al₂Cu dissolved into α(Al) matrix. Furthermore, the fractography revealed that the fracture mechanism has evolved from brittle transgranular fracture to a fracture mode with many dimples after heat treatment.     

Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 aluminium alloy processed by hot spinning process

The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 aluminum alloy subjected to hot spinning process has been investigated.The results indicated that the deformation process homogenized microstructure and improved mechanical properties of the A356 aluminum alloy.During the hot spinning process,eutectic Si particles and Fe-rich phases were fragmented,and porosities were eliminated.In addition,recrystallization of Al matrix and precipitation of AlSiTi phases occurred.The mechanical property testing results indicated that there was a significant increase of ductility and a decrease of average microhardness in deformed alloy over die-cast alloy.This is attributed to uniform distribution of finer spherical eutectic Si particles,the elimination of casting defects and to the recrystallized finer grain structure.     

Effect of microstructure on mechanical properties for A356 casting alloy

Abstract

A quantitative study of the relationship between microstructural features such as secondary dendrite arm spacing (DAS), eutectic structure and mechanical behaviours of A356 casting alloys has been conducted. In the condition of minimising casting defects, the influence of microstructural features on the mechanical performance becomes more pronounced. Depending on the cooling rate affecting the primary and eutectic microstructure, the tensile properties were changed upon experimental conditions, i.e. both of tensile strength and elongation were increased with decreasing DAS, also the results were the same at high temperatures. The increase in both of room temperature high cycle fatigue and high temperature low cycle fatigue lives with decreasing DAS was observed, mainly due to homogeneous deformation owing to the fine size of eutectic silicon and Fe intermetallic particles. The observation of fracture surfaces was conducted to find the effect of microstructure on mechanical properties by a scanning electron microscope.