活性炭纤维吸附-冷凝技术在有机废气回收净化中的应用

文章分析了我国工业生产中的有机废气处理问题,通过对比各种有机废气回收处理技术,开发了活性炭纤维吸附-冷凝工艺技术进行中试试验,回收处理胶粘行业有机废气,结果表明,当进气流量为16 m3/min,进气温度为35℃左右时,对甲苯的吸附量可达到0.195 g/g活性炭纤维,每回收1 kg甲苯可得到5.25元的效益,采用该工艺技术回收有机废气,具有显著的经济效益和环保效益。     

臭氧组合工艺深度处理混合印染废水技术经济比较

针对某纺织印染工业园污水处理厂二级生物处理出水(ρ(CODCr)=100~150 mg/L),比较研究了臭氧氧化与活性炭曝气生物滤池、絮凝沉淀、粉末活性炭吸附的组合工艺对CODCr的去除效果,探讨了臭氧组合工艺用于该污水处理厂提标改造达到GB 18918—2012《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B排放标准的可行性。结果表明:在臭氧投加量为40 mg/L,臭氧氧化时间为1 h的条件下,臭氧-活性炭曝气生物滤池组合工艺出水CODCr的质量浓度为61 mg/L;臭氧-粉末活性炭吸附组合工艺出水CODCr的质量浓度为57 mg/L。2种组合工艺的出水CODCr质量浓度基本达到GB 18918—2002一级B标准的排放要求,但两者在工程投资、运行成本方面表现出较大的差异。臭氧-絮凝沉淀组合工艺仅降低CODCr的质量浓度10~15 mg/L,不满足要求。     

煤化工高含盐废水去除有机物研究

对"混凝+活性炭吸附"联用工艺处理煤化工高含盐废水进行了试验研究,考察了相关工艺参数对COD去除效果的影响;选用聚合硫酸铁(PFS)为混凝剂,当PFS投加量为0.5 g/L、聚丙烯酰胺助凝剂投加量10 mg/L、废水初始p H为8.69时,COD去除率达到29.0%;选用柱状活性炭为吸附剂,当活性炭投加量60 g/L、废水初始p H为7.40、吸附时间120 min时,COD去除率为70.1%,出水COD小于80 mg/L;结果表明,该工艺可以有效去除煤化工高含盐废水COD。     

臭氧催化-吸附联用处理煤化工高盐废水COD研究

为解决煤化工高盐废水COD去除率低带来的蒸发结晶杂盐率高,危废处理费用高的难题,考察了臭氧催化氧化-活性炭吸附耦合工艺对煤化工高盐废水COD的去除效果。对二次反渗透浓盐水开展臭氧催化氧化试验,对其出水开展活性炭吸附试验,最后在最佳工艺下开展臭氧催化氧化-活性炭吸附耦合工艺连续试验。结果表明：臭氧催化氧化试验最佳参数：催化剂投加量700 mg/L,臭氧气体浓度300 mg/L,臭氧通气量1.5 L/min;活性炭吸附试验最佳参数：活性炭投加量80 g/L,吸附时间60 min;在最佳工艺参数下开展耦合工艺100 h连续试验,结果表明：COD去除率稳定在78%～80%,出水COD的质量浓度稳定在80～90 mg/L,臭氧催化氧化-活性炭吸附耦合工艺对高盐废水COD去除效果明显。     

吸附-臭氧氧化法去除选矿药剂乙硫氮及COD的实验研究

采用臭氧氧化、活性炭吸附、吸附-臭氧氧化法处理乙硫氮模拟废水,结果表明,(1)对于乙硫氮和对应COD的去除,臭氧的投加量(低于3.00 g/h)与之成正相关关系,活性炭的粒径则与之相反(当≥60目时的去除率可达到70.1%和70.8%,较≤20目对应的去除率高出40.2%和41.5%),同时pH值则表现出影响不明显的效果;(2)乙硫氮在初始浓度为400 mg/L,初始pH为7.8,臭氧、活性炭投加量分别为3.00 g/h、1.50 g/L,反应50 min时,吸附-臭氧氧化法对乙硫氮和COD的去除率分别为99.8%,80.7%,较单独活性炭处理提升29.7%,9.9%,其中COD去除率较单独臭氧处理提升31.2%;(3)整体上,对乙硫氮的去除效果表现为吸附-臭氧氧化>臭氧氧化>活性炭吸附,同时COD去除效果表现为吸附-臭氧氧化>活性炭吸附>臭氧氧化。由此可见,吸附-臭氧氧化法可实现对乙硫氮及COD的有效同步去除。     

硫酸改性活性炭对Li~+吸附的影响

以不同浓度的硫酸对活性炭进行酸化处理,并考察活性炭添加量、改性方式对Li⁺吸附效果的影响,同时与未处理的活性炭进行比较。结果表明,利用H_2SO_4、改性活性炭的吸附效果最佳条件为40%H_2SO_4,改性时间6 h,改性温度60℃,吸附量与原炭相比提升了1.54 mg/g。在锂离子浓度为100 mg/L的溶液中加入活性炭,当添加量为0.6 g时,去除率最大为85.6%,同等投加量下与原炭相比,去除率提升了15.2%。     

纤维束-活性炭-沸石联用工艺净化城市污染雨水

为了有效控制道路微污染雨水径流污染,利用纤维束-活性炭-沸石联用法对模拟雨水进行处理,考察该系统对浊度、TOC、氨氮及磷酸盐的去除效果。结果表明,当浊度、TOC、氨氮及磷酸盐浓度分别在（3.85~25.60 NTU）、（4.58~17.80 mg/L）、（0.31~1.42 mg/L）和（0.05~0.36 mg/L）范围内时,该联用工艺对上述污染物去除率分别为（79.2%~96.9%）、（82.7%~87.2%）、（87.5%~94.0%）和（52.9%~65.6%）。活性炭对TOC的吸附能力较强,其吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型,单分子层最大吸附量为41.70 mg/g;沸石对氨氮和磷酸盐的吸附能力明显,其吸附过程同样符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型,单分子层最大吸附量分别为12.31和0.64 mg/g。该组合工艺是一种理想的净化城市污染雨水的方法。     

硫酸改性活性炭对Li~+吸附的影响

以不同浓度的硫酸对活性炭进行酸化处理,并考察活性炭添加量、改性方式对Li~+吸附效果的影响,同时与未处理的活性炭进行比较。结果表明,利用H_2SO_4、改性活性炭的吸附效果最佳条件为40%H_2SO_4,改性时间6 h,改性温度60℃,吸附量与原炭相比提升了1.54 mg/g。在锂离子浓度为100 mg/L的溶液中加入活性炭,当添加量为0.6 g时,去除率最大为85.6%,同等投加量下与原炭相比,去除率提升了15.2%。     

粉末活性炭去除敌敌畏小试研究

考察了粉末活性炭吸附对模拟突发敌敌畏污染源水的应急处理效果,利用批式试验研究了水质条件以及粉末活性炭的投加量对敌敌畏的去除效果的影响。试验结果表明粉末活性炭对敌敌畏的吸附去除效果较好,当敌敌畏的浓度为10μg／L,活性炭投加量为10mg／L,吸附4h,原水中的去除率为55．1％。并且,增加活性炭的投加量到30mg／L,吸附2h,出水中敌敌畏的浓度能达到饮用水标准。本研究还得出粉末活性炭在两种水体中敌敌畏的Freundlich吸附模型。粉末活性炭吸附应急处理敌敌畏污染原水技术可行性高,药剂费用为0．09～0．12元／t水。     

微波诱导活性炭纤维氧化处理亚甲基蓝废水

以活性炭纤维为催化剂,采用微波诱导氧化工艺处理亚甲基蓝废水,考察了活性炭纤维用量、微波辐射时间、溶液浓度、pH值、盐含量、过氧化氢加入量等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明,0.05 g活性炭纤维与400 mg/L 25 mL废水混合,在微波功率1 000 W,辐射时间120 s的条件下,亚甲基蓝的去除率达到98.2%,pH、盐和过氧化氢加入量对处理效果有不同的影响。微波诱导氧化、活性炭纤维吸附、单独微波辐射和沸水浴加热四种不同工艺的对比实验表明,微波诱导氧化工艺具有明显的优越性,不会对环境造成二次污染,机理是通过吸附和高温氧化协同作用。氧化动力学过程符合一级反应规律。活性炭纤维催化活性随着使用时间增加而减弱,连续使用29 min,催化能力几乎消失。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。