白云鄂博铁精矿热物性与还原性实验研究

通过对白云鄂博铁精矿的研究,探讨其热物性参数及还原特性.在热平衡的基础上,根据一维稳态理论,测定了样品在不同质量比不同温度下的导热系数、体积比热及热扩散系数,回归得出了在高温状态下热物性参数与工作温度之间的关系方程;通过热重法及XRD分析相结合的方法分析其还原性,得出铁矿石与半焦混合物在整个还原反应中按阶梯式还原.     

氟对白云鄂博铁精矿烧结基础特性影响的研究

采用微型烧结装置,对8种不同氟含量的白云鄂博混合铁精矿进行了烧结基础特性的实验研究.结果表明,随氪含量的增加,铁矿粉的液相流动性指数增大,粘结相自身强度下降,烧结矿宏观上呈现薄壁多孔结构,微观上形成以枪晶石为主要粘结相,多种矿物共存结构.     

白云鄂博铁精矿内配碳球团还原动力学研究

为降低CO2排放量,发展以H2为还原剂的炼铁生产方式势在必行.针对富氢气固还原工艺中存在着气体利用率低和还原供热不足等问题,利用热重法研究了温度、碳氧比、煤粉粒度对白云鄂博铁精矿含碳球团还原速度的影响.结果表明,在碳氧摩尔比为1.1时,还原温度越高,煤粉越小,含碳球团还原速度越大.基于碳气化反应、气相扩散和界面反应的含碳球团还原速度方程能较好地处理本研究的数据.在850℃下,由未反应核模型得出气体内扩散活化能和界面反应活化能分别为87.3 kJ/mol和306 kJ/mol,还原温度越高,扩散阻力越大,化学反应阻力越小.在950℃下,还原反应过程速度由气体内扩散控制.     

白云鄂博铁精矿造块过程中含钾脉石与萤石的相互作用

通过对钾长石体系、钾长石-萤石体系及钾长石-萤石-CaO体系在内的含钾长石体系的高温焙烧过程的实验研究,确定了钾长石与萤石不同温度下相互作用的产物.研究结果表明,钾长石在1 090℃开始发生分解反应,生成白榴石(KAlSi2O6)和SiO2.钾长石中加入CaF2,900℃就已经发生钾长石的分解反应,1 060℃开始有硅铝酸盐的生成;钾长石中加入CaF2和CaO,体系中有硅铝酸盐生成,并在1 050℃开始生成枪晶石(3CaO· 2SiO2·CaF2),1 270℃有镁黄长石(2CaO·MgO·2SiO2)和铝黄长石(2CaO· Al2O3·SiO2);焙烧过程伴随有KF生成.     

利用白云鄂博铁精矿-铝土矿制备Fe-Al2O3复合材料的研究

以白云鄂博铁精矿和铝土矿为主要原料,以活性炭为还原剂,采用无压烧结法制备了 Fe-Al2O3复合材料.研究了不同烧结温度以及不同铝土矿添加量对相组成、微观结构、力学性能和耐腐蚀性的影响.结果表明:烧结温度以1 380℃为最佳,并发现铝土矿的添加量有利于材料力学性能的提升.其主要原因为铝土矿中含有TiO2,CaO,MgO等成分,在高温下形成液相,可以有效地促进复合材料的烧结.另外,液相也造成金属相周围热容不同,导致过冷度发生变化,进而影响金属相位错密度,低位错密度可以提高合金相的塑性变形能力.表明矿物中的杂质氧化物并不会影响复合材料的最终力学性能,反而具有一定的积极作用,为白云鄂博矿物的综合利用提供新的途径.     

碱金属在白云鄂博铁精矿还原中的催化作用研究

利用失重法对碳的气化反应、CO气体以及碳还原白云鄂博铁精矿进行了实验,使用矿相、XRD分析了还原后样品的相组成与显微结构。研究结果表明：加入催化剂后,碳的气化反应速率和铁精矿还原速率提高,且K2CO3和Na2CO3的催化效果明显优于CaCO3的催化效果。催化剂的加入有助于碳的活性提高,加速了碳的气化反应,从而促进了白云鄂博铁精矿还原反应进行。     

SAPO-5分子筛硅铝比对催化合成二甲醚的影响

以三乙胺为模板剂,硅溶胶为硅源,采用水热法合成了不同硅铝比的SAPO-5分子筛。利用XRD,SEM对样品的结晶度和形貌等进行表征,并在连续固定床微反应器上考察了分子筛对甲醇脱水制备二甲醚反应的催化性能。结果表明,当SAPO-5分子筛的硅铝比逐渐增大时,较多硅原子进入骨架,同时分子筛晶形发生明显改变。对于甲醇脱水制备二甲醚反应,随着催化剂硅铝比升高,甲醇转化率先增加而后逐渐变小,在硅铝比为0．15处达到最大值。     

铝、硅对碳化硼陶瓷性能的影响

研究了含有铝、硅的碳化硼陶瓷无压烧结致密化过程和力学性能，添加铝、硅均能促进烧结过程，当铝、硅的质量分数分别为3％和7％时，可达到最大的密度，烧结制品的性能与所添加的铝、硅质量分数关系密切，当添加剂质量分数过高时，会导致性能下降。     

白云鄂博矿选铁尾矿中铌矿物的工艺矿物学研究

配合以铌为代表的白云鄂博资源综合利用流程,选择铌给矿（稀选尾矿）、铌精矿及选铌尾矿为研究对象,研究了铌资源的工艺矿物特性.结果表明:（1）铌给矿中铌矿物量只有0.63%,铌矿物以铌铁金红石和易解石矿物为主,其次是铌铁矿和黄绿石,Nb₂O₅主要分布于铌铁金红石和易解石中;（2）铌矿物粒度很细,主要集中分布于0.04 mm以下,铌矿物单体解离度都比较低,连生现象普遍,连生的矿物种类多而复杂;（3）铌尾矿中铌矿物种类与铌给矿相同,只是含量低于铌给矿,矿物主要为硅酸盐矿物,含量70%以上.     

烧结与冷镦过程中铝硅共晶合金显微结构与密度的演变

采用烧结及后续的镦粗工艺制备了铝硅共晶合金块体材料,研究了烧结温度对烧结体显微结构、抗压强度及相对密度的影响。结果表明：烧结温度显著影响烧结体的显微结构和抗压强度,以临近铝硅共晶合金液相线的温度烧结时,发生了局部熔化,产生的熔融液体破坏了颗粒表面的氧化膜,颗粒之间相互黏结,形成了烧结骨架。以优化的555℃烧结,Si颗粒呈球状,抗压强度达到最佳,但相对密度未发生变化。在后续的冷镦过程中,烧结骨架及粉末颗粒均产生变形,孔隙减小,颗粒呈扁平状,相对密度达到了98%。     

Influence of gangue existing states in iron ores on the formation and flow of liquid phase during sintering

Gangue existing states largely affect the high-temperature characteristics of iron ores. Using a micro-sintering method and scan- ning electron microscopy, the effects of gangue content, gangue type, and gangue size on the assimilation characteristics and fluidity of liquid phase of five different iron ores were analyzed in this study. Next, the mechanism based on the reaction between gangues and sintering mate- dais was unraveled. The results show that, as the SiO2 levels increase in the iron ores, the lowest assimilation temperature （LAT） decreases, whereas the index of fluidity of liquid phase （IFL） increases. Below 1.5wt%, Al2O3 benefits the assimilation reaction, but higher concentra- tions proved detrimental. Larger quartz particles increase the SiO2 levels at the local reaction interface between the iron ore and CaO, thereby reducing the LAT. Quartz-gibbsite is more conductive to assimilation than kaolin. Quartz-gibbsite and kaolin gangues encourage the forma- tion of liquid-phase low-Al2O3-SFCA with high IFL and high-Al2O3-SFCA with low IFL, respectively.     

Acting mechanism of F, K, and Na in the solid phase sintering reaction of the Baiyunebo iron ore

The effect of F,K,and Na on the solid phase reaction of the Baiyunebo iron ore was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).It has been identified that alkaline elements K and Na in the Baiyunebo ore instigate the formation of low melting point compounds Na_2SiO_3 and Na_2O·Fe_2O_3 and the generation of molten state in the solid phase sintering.Element F in the Baiyunebo ore facilitates the formation of cuspidine compound 3CaO·2SiO_2·CaF_2 in the solid phase reaction...     

白云鄂博铁矿烧结过程中氟化物生成的热力学与动力学

针对白云鄂博铁精矿烧结过程中,CaF2与Na2O生成NaF的反应进行了热力学计算与动力学分析,得出了NaF生成反应的开始温度、表观活化能以及限制性环节．结果表明：NaF生成反应的开始温度为936℃,表观活化能为86．833kJ／mol,即界面反应为过程的限制性环节．     

Fundamental study on iron ore sintering new process of flue gas recirculation together with using biochar as fuel

It is of great significance for cleaner production to substitute bio-energy for fossil fuels in iron ore sintering. However, with the replacement ratio increasing, the consistency of heat front and flame front is broken, and the thermal utilizing efficiency of fuel is reduced, which results in the decrease of yield and tumble index of sinter. Circulating flue gas to sintering bed as biochar replacing 40% coke, CO in flue gas can be reused so as to increase the thermal utilizing efficiency of fuels, and the consistency of two fronts is recovered for the circulating flue gas containing certain CO2, H2 O and lower O2, which contributes to increasing the maximum temperature, extending the high temperature duration time of sintering bed, and results in improving the output and quality of sinter. In the condition of circulating 40% flue gas, the sintering with biomass fuels is strengthened, and the sintering indexes with biomass fuel replacing 40% coke breeze are comparative to those of using coke breeze completely.     

High-temperature performance prediction of iron ore fines and the ore-blending programming problem in sintering

The high-temperature performance of iron ore fmes is an important factor in optimizing ore blending in sintering. However, the application of linear regression analysis and the linear combination method in most other studies always leads to a large deviation from the desired results. In this study, the fuzzy membership functions of the assimilation ability temperature and the liquid fluidity were proposed based on the fuzzy mathematics theory to construct a model for predicting the high-temperature performance of mixed iron ore. Comparisons of the prediction model and experimental results were presented. The results illustrate that the prediction model is more accurate and effective than previously developed models. In addition, fuzzy constraints for the high-temperature performance of iron ore in this research make the results of ore blending more comparable. A solution for the quantitative calculation as well as the programming of fuzzy constraints is also introduced.     

Ore-blending optimization model for sintering process based on characteristics of iron ores

An ore-blending optimization model for the sintering process is an intelligent system that includes iron ore characteristics,expert knowledge and material balance.In the present work,14 indices are proposed to represent chemical composition,granulating properties and high temperature properties of iron ores.After the relationships between iron ore characteristics and sintering performance are established,the "two-step" method and the simplex method are introduced to build the model by distinguishing the calculation of optimized blending proportion of iron ores from that of other sintering materials in order to improve calculation efficiency.The ore-blending optimization model,programmed by Access and Visual Basic,is applied to practical production in steel mills and the results prove that the present model can take advantage of the available iron ore resource with stable sinter yield and quality performance but at a lower cost.     

梅山铁矿磷的赋存特征及降磷途径

采用化学分析、光学显微镜、电子探针等手段研究表明，梅山铁矿石中的磷是以磷灰石独立矿物形式存在的。对磷灰石在矿石中的嵌布特点、解离性，及其在选矿过程中的走向进行了详细研究。根据研究结果提出了该矿铁精矿脱磷的合理途径。     

Effect of fluxes on high iron and low silica sintering

Burnt lime and serpentine were incorporated into the sinter mix to improve high iron and low silica sintering. Optimization of how to use burnt lime including dosage of burnt lime, moisture of sinter mix, hydrating and granulation time was performed. Evaluations of sinter characteristics including sinter mineralogy, reducibility, low temperature reduction degradation, softening and melting down properties were carried out. Compared with the results of traditional process in base case, the tumbling index (T7) is increased by 1. 53%-2. 33% through proportioning high ratio of burnt lime or adding serpentine in the sinter mix. It is shown that effective granulation, better permeability and improved high temperature reactivity in the sinter bed are achieved, resulting in an increase in 3. 13% - 5. 10% calcium ferrite occurring in acicular and columnar shape and decrease in glass phase, and with the reducibility index(RI) being increased by 1. 65%- 3. 25%.     

基于成分预测模型的矿石烧结配料专家优化方法

配料是烧结的前期工序，如何获得各种铁矿石和非铁原料的配比是烧结配料的关键问题，针对桌钢铁企业烧结配料的特点，建立了基于数学模型和神经网络的成分预测模型，构筑了用于配比调整的专家规则，提出了配比优化与计算算法，通过数学模型、神经网络和专家规则的有机结合，实现了烧结配料的优化与控制。