基于改进高斯滤波的医学图像边缘增强

医学图像的边缘包含了图像的很多重要信息,对医学诊断的效率和精准性影响较大,文中研究了一种医学图像边缘增强的方法。为了在图像去噪阶段保留更多的图像细节信息,文中在传统高斯滤波算法基础上提出了一种标准差选取自适应的滤波算法。在图像增强阶段,利用传统的拉普拉斯算子结合强度权重控制图像增强的效果。经过算法分析和实验,验证了两种算法的结合提高了去噪效果,有效保留了图像的边缘细节信息,能够实现医学图像的边缘增强。     

一种基于自适应预测的医学图像高效无损压缩方法

随着数字化医学图像海量的增长及PACS系统的广泛应用,对医学图像进行高效的无损压缩已成为广泛关注的问题.本文提出一种基于自适应预测的无损压缩方法,该方法利用神经网络模型自学习的能力,自适应的调整预测器的预测系数.实验表明,该方法能有效去除X线医学图像的空间相关性,还能同时去除彩色医学图像的空间和谱间相关性,取得较高的压缩比,且编解码速度较高.     

基于互信息量和模糊梯度相似性的医学图像配准

本文分析了基于互信息量的医学图像配准算法中存在的鲁棒性问题,提出创建图像的模糊梯度场及建立模糊梯度相似性测度,并将其结合到互信息量配准算法当中.实验证明,本方法很好的解决了传统基于互信息量的方法中存在的鲁棒性问题,能够快速稳定地实现医学图像配准.     

Distortion Minimization with Fast Local Search for Fractal Image Compression

Optimal fractal image coding is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem, which consists of finding in a finite set of contractive affine mappings one whose unique fixed point is closest to the original image. Current fractal image schemes are based on a greedy suboptimal algorithm known as collage coding. In a previous paper, Hamzaoui, Hartenstein, and Saupe proposed a local search algorithm that iteratively improves an initial solution found by collage coding. For a standard fractal scheme based on quadtree image partitions, peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) gains are up to 0.8 dB. However, the algorithm is time-consuming because it involves many iteration steps, each of which requires the computation of the fixed point of an affine mapping. In this paper, we provide techniques that drastically reduce the complexity of the algorithm. Moreover, we show that the algorithm is also successful with a state-of-the-art fractal scheme based on highly adaptive image partitions.     

基于灰关联的红外目标识别方法

针对红外目标类型识别问题,提出了一种基于灰关联分析的红外目标识别算法.该算法在对红外图像进行边缘检测后,提取目标的奇异值特征作为关联参数,通过比较特征参数的灰关联值实现目标识别.该算法根据目标各个特征指标稳定性的不同,采用了一种灰关联加权系数的方法,仿真实验验证了该方法在红外目标识别问题上的有效性,并对目标旋转和平移有一定的适应能力.     

一种自适应协方差的低复杂度图像放大方法

对于图像放大技术而言,重要的就是要权衡到图像质量以及计算复杂度.传统的基于线性或三次样条插值的方法会带来图像模糊和锯齿边缘等失真,为了解决这一问题,人们提出一种基于迭代和学习的算法,但是这种方法带来了很高的计算复杂度.综合以上几点本文提出了一种基于自适应协方差的图像放大方法(adaptive covariance-based edge diffusion,ACED).该方法能很好地权衡图像放大性能和复杂度之间的关系.在这种方法中,提出了一种联合边缘判别准则,并自适应选择扩散模板来估计局部协方差系数,以高效的减少图像放大带来的失真.实验结果表明,所提出的方法在主观质量和客观质量上都有很大的提升,同时也具有较低的计算复杂度.     

基于机顶盒硬件的自适应牛顿插值算法的图像处理应用

文章基于对国内有线数字电视发展现状及相应问题的调研前提下．首先介绍电视画面质量不尽人意等情况发生的相关原因，其次介绍数字有线电视系统及图像编码和解码的相应知识，最后立足于单帧画面层面提出一种基于自适应牛顿插值算法的图像处理应用原理。     

一种小波包域图像自适应水印算法

为了解决日益严重的盗版问题,提出了一种基于小波包变换的自适应水印算法。对宿主图像进行小波包分解,对水印图像进行小波分解。根据视觉感知特性将水印的低频分量自适应地嵌入到宿主图像的低频分量中,嵌入强度根据图像的内容自适应地决定。水印的中高频分量用位置自适应的方法嵌入到图像的中高频分量中。嵌入过程中充分利用Hilbert扫描曲线的良好特性。实验结果表明,该算法对常见的图像处理操作具有较强的鲁棒性。     

医学图像增强系统设计

为了改善医学图像的视觉效果,提高图像的清晰度,使之更适合于机器的分析处理以及人的视觉特性,并突出病灶点,为病理学诊断和临床诊断提供可靠依据。设计了一个对医学图像十分具有针对性的图像增强系统。针对CT图像的电子噪声提出了基于修正维纳滤波的小波包去噪算法;针对B型超声图像的散斑噪声提出了基于脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)模型的小波自适应斑点噪声滤除算法;针对医学图像对比度低,边缘信息模糊等特点,提出了基于小波变换的医学图像增强算法。当噪声方差为0.01时,基于脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)模型的小波自适应斑点噪声滤除算法获得的PSNR比经Wiener滤波方法获得的PSNR高出9 dB。系统能快速找到噪声点进行定点去噪,能有效提高医学图像的对比度,增强边缘细节信息,突出病灶点的位置,从而达到较好的处理效果,为医疗工作者观察病症提供更加清晰准确的依据。     

一种基于自适应正则化的图像超分辨率重建模型

为了解决图像超分辨率重建中稀疏系数解的不精确问题,提出了一种自适应正则化级联稀疏矩阵的超分辨率重建算法。根据图像自身的特性,采用自适应正则化项对图像局部进行处理,实现图像的局部约束,构建基于自适应正则化的稀疏矩阵函数。另外,为了提高图像的可清晰性,采用基于全局约束的退化模型改进处理结构。测试结果表明,与其他常用算法相比,提出的自适应正则化的图像超分辨率重建算法能够构建更清晰的超分辨率图像。     

结合Contourlet变换的Bayes自适应图像去噪算法

提出了结合Contourlet变换的Bayes自适应图像去噪算法。充分利用Contourlet变换的局部性、多分辨率、各向异性等优点。通过Contourlet变换得到图像不同尺度不同方向上Contourlet系数矩阵,实现了建立在对图像多尺度几何分析基础上Bayes估计自适应图像去噪算法。实验表明,新算法能够获得良好的视觉效果并且有效地提高了去噪图像的PSNR值,同时有效的避免了“过扼杀”系数现象,更好地保留了图像的纹理和细节。     

Adaptive image contrast enhancement based on human visual properties

Existing methods for image contrast enhancement focus mainly on the properties of the image to be processed while excluding any consideration of the observer characteristics. In several applications, particularly in the medical imaging area, effective contrast enhancement for diagnostic purposes can be achieved by including certain basic human visual properties. Here the authors present a novel adaptive algorithm that tailors the required amount of contrast enhancement based on the local contrast of the image and the observer's Just-Noticeable-Difference (JND). This algorithm always produces adequate contrast in the output image, and results in almost no ringing artifacts even around sharp transition regions, which is often seen in images processed by conventional contrast enhancement techniques. By separating smooth and detail areas of an image and considering the dependence of noise visibility on the spatial activity of the image, the algorithm treats them differently and thus avoids excessive enhancement of noise, which is another common problem for many existing contrast enhancement techniques. The present JND-Guided Adaptive Contrast Enhancement (JGACE) technique is very general and can be applied to a variety of images. In particular, it offers considerable benefits in digital radiography applications where the objective is to increase the diagnostic utility of images. A detailed performance evaluation together with a comparison with the existing techniques is given to demonstrate the strong features of JGACE.     

采用各向异性尺度空间的遥感图像配准

基于多特征点的遥感图像配准方法应用在油田遥感图像上时,很难为其找到足够多的正确对应关系且花费时间也较长.为此,提出了基于各向异性尺度空间的遥感图像配准方法.该算法首先使用自适应的侧窗滤波技术构建各向异性尺度空间,然后采用改进的邻域分块思想进行特征描述,最后使用增强的匹配点过滤增加特征点匹配的数量.实验结果表明,所提方法...     

自适应约束下的双边全变差正则化超分辨率重建

在经典的双边全变差( BTV)超分辨率重建中,加权系数和正则化参数的恒定性导致重建结果边缘保持能力受限。为此,提出了一种自适应约束的BTV正则化先验模型。算法首先定义了图像的局部邻域残差均值以区分当前像素属于平坦区域还是边缘区域;然后针对加权系数的不变性导致边缘削弱的问题,利用边缘方向和垂直边缘方向扩散性的不同,设计自适应权重矩阵;最后根据代价函数的极值问题推导出迭代公式,从而进行图像的超分辨率重建,重建过程中采用自适应的方法确定正则化参数,以便求得代价函数的全局最优解,提高了算法的鲁棒性。实验结果表明：与双三次线性插值法和经典BTV算法相比,该算法取得了更好的视觉效果和更高的峰值信噪比,更多地保留了图像的边缘细节信息。     

Boundary enhancement and speckle reduction for ultrasound images via salient structure extraction

In this paper, we present an approach for medical ultrasound (US) image enhancement. It is based on a novel perceptual saliency measure which favors smooth, long curves with constant curvature. The perceptual salient boundaries of tissues in US images are enhanced by computing the saliency of directional vectors in the image space, via a local searching algorithm. Our measure is generally determined by curvature changes, intensity gradient and the interaction of neighboring vectors. To restrain speckle noise during the enhancement process, an adaptive speckle suspension term is also combined into the proposed saliency measure. The results obtained on both simulated images and medical US data reveal superior performance of the novel approach over a number of commonly used speckle filters. Applications of US image segmentation show that although the proposed algorithm cannot remove the speckle noise completely and may discard weak anatomical structures in some case, it still provides a considerable gain to US image processing for computer-aided diagnosis.     

图像拼接中运动目标干扰的自适应消除

运动目标在图像拼接时,易产生重影现象.在对SURF算法进行改善的基础上,提出了自适应去除重影的拼接算法.利用增强的单通道图像对其特征点进行提取、匹配,再利用帧差法确定出运动目标在图像重叠区域的位置;取运动目标区域的中心点作为参考点,采用改进的加权融合算法求取加权系数,以增大权值差异.实验表明所提方法能较好地解决运动目标对图像拼接的干扰问题,与最优拼接缝多频率融合算法相比,融合质量、清晰度以及拼接的实时性得到了提高.     

自适应字典改进Canny算子CT图像分割

算法的基本思路是: 首先寻找合适医学图像的自适应字典并利用稀疏矩阵理论进行图像降噪: 其次根据边缘的特点, 将降噪后的医学图像利用改进的Canny算子对图像进行边缘检测并利用差值把边缘点连接起来; 再次使用区域的连通性将相关区域合并起来; 最后我们将感兴趣区域提取出来. 本文通过介绍基于自适应学习的超完备字典训练算法, 并以此展开研究探索, 深入研究了基于KSVD算法的图像降噪方法, 通过MATLAB平台仿真, 验证了此方法的有效性.     

基于神经网络噪声检测的自适应中值滤波器

针对椒盐噪声污染图像的滤波问题,提出了一种基于前馈神经网络的噪声检测器。基于这种噪声检测方法,采用自适应中值滤波算法,依据像素点的不同属性采用不同的滤波策略。实验结果表明,该算法在有效去除椒盐噪声的同时更好地保留了图像的边缘和细节,是一种有效的图像去噪方法。     

Adaptive elastic segmentation of brain MRI via shape-model-guided evolutionary programming

This paper presents a fully automated segmentation method for medical images. The goal is to localize and parameterize a variety of types of structure in these images for subsequent quantitative analysis. We propose a new hybrid strategy that combines a general elastic template matching approach and an evolutionary heuristic. The evolutionary algorithm uses prior statistical information about the shape of the target structure to control the behavior of a number of deformable templates. Each template, modeled in the form of a B-spline, is warped in a potential field which is itself dynamically adapted. Such a hybrid scheme proves to be promising: by maintaining a population of templates, we cover a large domain of the solution space under the global guidance of the evolutionary heuristic, and thoroughly explore interesting areas. We address key issues of automated image segmentation systems. The potential fields are initially designed based on the spatial features of the edges in the input image, and are subjected to spatially adaptive diffusion to guarantee the deformation of the template. This also improves its global consistency and convergence speed. The deformation algorithm can modify the internal structure of the templates to allow a better match. We investigate in detail the preprocessing phase that the images undergo before they can be used more effectively in the iterative elastic matching procedure: a texture classifier, trained via linear discriminant analysis of a learning set, is used to enhance the contrast of the target structure with respect to surrounding tissues. We show how these techniques interact within a statistically driven evolutionary scheme to achieve a better tradeoff between template flexibility and sensitivity to noise and outliers. We focus on understanding the features of template matching that are most beneficial in terms of the achieved match. Examples from simulated and real image data are discussed, with considerations of algorithmic efficiency.