基于改进型径向基函数神经网络的功放线性化

提出了一种基于改进型径向基函数神经网络(MRBFNN)的数字预失真线性化模型,用于更为精确地矫正宽带射频功率放大器的动态非线性。该神经网络模型的输入层使用传统的延时抽头以补偿功放的线性记忆效应,同时对每个抽头进行级数展开用于补偿功放的非线性记忆效应,从而更好地抑制功放的动态非线性失真。文中使用WCDMA 三载波信号对一个460MHz 的Doherty 功率放大器进行数字预失真线性化实验。实验结果表明,与传统数字预失真线性化模型相比,基于改进型径向基神经网络的数字预失真线性化模型能更好地抑制宽带功放动态非线性引起的带外频谱再生,其三阶互调(IMD3)失真最多可以抑制23dB,大大提高了功放的线性度,验证了所提出的数字预失真线性化模型的有效性。     

功放数字预失真技术现状及未来发展

功放是无线通信发射机的重要组成部分,随着无线通信的不断发展,对宽带线性功放的要求也越来越高。然而,功放的非线性特性和记忆效应会导致信号严重失真。为了减小带内失真和邻道干扰,数字预失真成为功放线性化技术中最有发展潜力的技术。介绍了功放模型,数字预失真的学习结构、数字预失真器参数的辨识算法等研究现状,探讨了数字预失真的发展趋势,为今后数字预失真技术的研究提供参考。     

Quantization analysis and design of a digital predistortionlinearizer for RF power amplifiers

Significant improvements in terms of reduced power consumption and increased bandwidth are obtained if a digital predistortion linearizer is implemented with an application specific digital signal processor. This paper investigates the quantization effects in different parts of a table based complex gain predistortion linearizer. The analysis can be used to optimize the predistortion linearizer with respect to word length based on the knowledge of the RF amplifier gain characteristic, the probability density function for the modulation scheme and the maximum allowable adjacent channel interference level. A predistorter chip is described that has been designed using the analysis. The chip has been fabricated and tested. Compared with a standard digital signal processing (DSP) solution it provides seven times higher bandwidth but consumes only 10% of the power     

基带预失真线性化技术在DAB系统中的应用

通过典型的功放无记忆模型分析了功放的非线性对DAB信号所造成的失真及基带预失真技术的作用机理。介绍一种基于该机理的硬件实现，通过在数字基带对信号进行预失真处理，补偿后端的射频功放所产生的非线性幅度失真和相位失真，从而有效地改善了DAB射频功放的线性度。     

Mixed BB-IF predistortion of OFDM signals in non-linear channels

It is well known that power amplifier induced non-linear distortions produce a signal spectral regrowth at the IF transmitter output of digital radio communication systems. This effect is responsible for both adjacent channel interference and BER degradation. Signal predistortion is a technique that counteracts such phenomena. Technological advances in the last decade, renewing the interest in this technique, led to the realization of digital baseband (BB) predistorters that overcome the performance of the existing analog IF (intermediate frequency) ones. However, the substitution of an analog IF predistorter with a digital BB one forces one to partially redesign the system architecture. An alternative approach is proposed in this paper, based on digital and analog techniques, which combines the precision of the digital BB solution with the practicality of an IF architecture. This solution is particularly interesting to substitute an old analog IF predistorter simply plugging-in the new digital one, without further changes in the transmitter architecture. Critical aspects, predistortion algorithms and simulation performance are presented with respect to a digital video broadcasting system which is based on an OFDM modulation and is very sensitive to non-linear distortions because of the adopted multicarrier modulation     

Compensation of Frequency-Dependent Gain/Phase Imbalance in Predistortion Linearization Systems

Impairments in the analog quadrature modulator can adversely impact the performance of a digital predistortion linearization system. In this paper, we focus on modeling and compensation of frequency-dependent gain/phase imbalance and dc offset when the input and output of the direct upconverter are available. We first propose channel models to describe the effects of these impairments on transmitted I/Q data streams. We then develop algorithms to estimate the parameters of these channel models and to construct I/Q compensators. Performance of the algorithms and the I/Q compensators is shown in conjunction with digital predistortion.      

射频预失真器与基带预失真算法结合对行波管功率放大器线性化改善的影响

为了保证自适应算法的效果,一般会将行波管输出功率进行一定回退,但是会降低行波管的工作效率。通过在行波管前端加入射频预失真器,在额定输入功率范围内,线性化后的行波管的非线性失真现象得到了一定程度改善,然后再进行基带自适应算法的实现。X波段行波管在输出功率回退较少的同时,达到较好的非线性失真改善效果。     

一种数字预失真功放输出动态提升技术

数字预失真功放的输出动态提升技术在现代功率放大器设计和研究中已成为一个重要的课题。本文基于数字预失真功放自身特征以及自适应信号处理技术,提出了一种全新的输出动态提升技术。理论分析和试验结果表明：采用该新型技术的数字预失真功放不仅输出动态得到了大幅度提升,而且线性也有一定程度改善。     

宽带系统中有记忆大功率功放的数字预失真器研究

针对高峰均比的宽带输入信号,提出了一套联合峰均比抑制技术和基带自适应预失真技术的数字预失真器设计方案,并仿真了峰值抵消算法和自适应预失真算法.结果表明对于峰均比为8.4 dB的输入信号,经过1.5 dB的削峰处理后,预失真器改善带外频谱抑制27 dB,非常有效地补偿了功放的非线性失真,提高了功放效率,对发射机功放线性化技术有一定的实用价值.     

放大器估计器的查表法自适应预失真器设计

非线性功放特性随温度,供电电压等因素的变化而改变,为保证其稳定工作,预失真系统的自适应性能就显得非常重要.当前的自适应预失真算法每次都对其参数进行更新,计算量很大.针对这个问题提出了一种放大估计器的查表法自适应预失真算法,将查表法和放大器估计器法结合在一起,以误码率为指标在系统允许的误差范围内可以大大减少参数的迭代次数...     

A W-band high-power predistorted direct-conversion digital modulator for transmitter applications

This letter presents a W-band high-power direct-conversion transmitter using digital predistortion techniques for digital modulation applications. The transmitter is a direct-conversion configuration that employs a reflection-type IQ modulator module and a power amplifier module. With the predistortion function in digital signal processing (DSP), this transmitter demonstrated an output channel power of greater than 19 dBm, and the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) was improved by 10 and 18 dB for QPSK and /spl pi//4-DQPSK modulation, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of linearization techniques for W-band high-power digital modulation transmitters.     

Low Complexity Partial Transmit Sequence with Complex Gain Memory Predistortion in OFDM Systems

In this paper the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction and digital predistortion effects in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are investigated. By applying a predistortion technique called complex gain memory predistortion (CGMP), power amplifier works at higher power efficiency. The proposed enhanced partial transmit sequence scheme is applied for PAPR reduction and integration with CGMP technique results in increasing in OFDM system efficiency and prolonged battery life. Simulation and results are examined with actual power amplifier and OFDM signal with quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation.     

An adaptive digital predistortion for compensating nonlinear distortions in RF power amplifier with memory effects

In this paper, an adaptive digital predistortion based on a memory polynomial model is proposed in order to linearize the power amplifier with memory effect. The coefficients of the power amplifier model have been extracted using a least square method and those of predistortion have been identified by applying an indirect learning structure. Finally, the performance of digital predistortion has been demonstrated using the simulation of the power amplifier and the digital predistortion excited by a modulated 16 QAM signal in Matlab software. According to the simulation results, the criterion of adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) declined by around 15 dB and the input/output power spectrum density of the power amplifier has quite similar curves. The linearized power amplifier output spectrum demonstrates the superiority of the proposed predistorter in eliminating the spectral regrowth which is caused by the memory effect in comparison to the other linearization methods.     

A hybrid digital/RF envelope predistortion linearization system for power amplifiers

This paper presents an adaptive wide-band digitally controlled RF envelope predistortion linearization system for power amplifiers (PAs). A field-programmable gate-array-based lookup table is indexed by a digitized envelope power signal, and instantaneously adjusts the input signal amplitude and phase via an RF vector modulator to compensate for the AM-AM and AM-PM distortion. The advantages of this predistortion architecture over conventional baseband digital approaches are that a 20%-33% wider correction bandwidth is achievable at the same clock speeds, and linearization can be performed without the need for a digital baseband input signal. The timing match between the input RF signal and predistorting signal, which is one of the critical factors for performance, was investigated and adjusted to obtain optimum performance. Using three-carrier cdmaOne and wide-band multitone signals, the linearization performances for a 0.5-W GaAs heterostructure field-effect transistor, a 90-W peak-envelope-power (PEP) silicon LDMOS PA, and a 680-W PEP LDMOS PA were examined. In addition, the predistortion performance variation for different signals was studied in terms of signal envelope statistics, output powers, and PA power capacities.     

5G 功放DPD 的FPGA 宽带实现及自动优化

5G 宽带功放数字预失真器(DPD)的FPGA 实现过程中,常遇到数字处理带宽不够和资源有限问题,对 此,文中提出一种基于双路并行数据流的数字预失真带宽扩展方法和基于Zynq Ultrascale+ MPSoC 的自动化模型优化 验证方法,可快速实现对5G 宽带功放线性化方案的优化。使用该并行处理结构的数字预失真器,克服了数字电路最 大时钟频率造成的对FPGA 线性化带宽的限制,使得数字预失真电路在每个时钟周期内可以处理更多的数据,不仅有 效地增加了数字处理带宽,而且降低了DPD 的功耗。然而,这种带宽增加以消耗更多硬件资源为代价,对此,文中同时 提出了对预失真非线性模型的在线自动优化方法,以简化非线性模型、降低DPD 的硬件资源开销。最后,在Zynq Ultrascale+ FPGA 实验平台上实现了具有两路并行数据处理的I-MSA 自优化数字预失真电路,采用100 MHz 的5G 新无 线电(NR)信号在2. 6 GHz 功率放大器上进行线性化实验验证,获得了满意的预失真性能,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

An improved look-up table predistortion technique for HPA with memory effects in OFDM systems

It is well known that HPAs (High Power Amplifiers) are inherently nonlinear devices and many researches have focused on the predistortion for memoryless HPAs. However, memory effects of HPAs can no longer be ignored when communication systems have wider bandwidth. Memoryless predistortion techniques proposed previously seldom have satisfactory effectiveness for typical wideband applications such as OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) systems. In this paper, an improved adaptive predistortion method called 2D LUT (2-dimension look-up table) with different accuracy levels is presented to linearize HPAs with memory effects. Simulation and experimental results show that 2D LUT implements excellent performance in mitigating the signal deterioration caused by memory effects, both rectifies the signal constellation distortion and suppresses the spectrum emission. Large scale matrix computation is also avoidable in these adaptive algorithms, which makes them feasible when a real-time system is necessary.     

基于实值时间卷积神经网络的功放预失真研究

为了实现传输速率高达千兆比特每秒(Gbps)的目标,5G通信系统需要更宽的传输带宽和更高的调制度,这些对射频功放的线性度提出了更加苛刻的要求。必须对功放的非线性进行线性化。文中构建了一种基于实值时间卷积神经网络(Real-Valued Temporal Convolutional Networks,RVTCN)模型的数字预失真器。RVTCN模型利用扩大因果卷积(Dilated Causal Convolution, DCC)提取功放的当前时序信息,把记忆信息存储在残差块(Residual Block,RB)中,不断获取时序特征并保存于网络中。为了验证RVTCN线性化的性能,文中采用了100 MHz带宽的5G NR信号,对中心频率3.5 GHz的Doherty功放进行了预失真线性化实验验证。实验结果表明:该RVTCN模型具有射频功放的动态非线性行为建模能力,其归一化均方误差可达-40 d B;RVTCN预失真器对测试功放的相邻信道功率比(ACPR)改善可达19.5 d B左右。     

基于压缩采样结构的盲多带信号预失真模型

针对在支撑集未知的情况下重构多频带信号的问题,本文提出了一种基于压缩采样结构的盲多带信号预失真模型,即将多频输出信号视为单个宽带信号,经下变频和低通滤波器处理后,送入A-MWC (Alternate Modulated Wideband Converter)结构进行盲压缩采样,而后通过基于随机支撑挑选的变步长稀疏度自适...     

Joint Polynomial and Look-Up-Table Predistortion Power Amplifier Linearization

Digital predistortion at baseband is an efficient and low-cost method for the linearization of a power amplifier (PA) in a wireless system employing a nonconstant-envelop modulation scheme, so as to reduce the adjacent channel interference. The polynomial and the look-up table (LUT) predistortion schemes are two commonly used approaches. However, in each of the two approaches, to reach a satisfactory adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) in the PA output signal, people usually end up with a complex system having the involved algorithms converge rather slowly. In this brief, we propose a low-complexity joint-polynomial-and-LUT predistortion PA linearizer, where the two mutually dependent predistortion schemes can skillfully help each other. Simulation results show that the proposed joint linearizer can reduce the algorithm convergence time while achieving an excellent ACPR.     

Peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction and digital predistortion effects in power amplifiers in OFDM system

In this paper, the effects of peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction in nonlinear power amplifiers (PAs) by considering memory effects and of digital predistortion are investigated. A new predistortion technique is proposed, which is called the complex gain memory predistortion (CGMP) method. The CGMP is applied to compensate the dynamic memory effects of PAs. The conventional partial transmit sequence method is applied for peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction, and combining it with the CGMP results in efficiency enhancement and spectrum efficiency improvement. Simulation and results are examined with the two types of PAs and with an OFDM signal with quadrature phase‐shift keying modulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.