五通道渣油气化烧嘴掺烧干气工艺探讨

简述了九江合成氨装置五通道气化烧嘴掺烧干气试验过程。通过对掺烧干气试验结果的理论分析,渣油雾滴的减小和雾化角的减小,使燃烧区上移,在保证渣油充分燃烧的前提下,减少火焰对气化炉壁的冲蚀,会有效增加装置运行周期。     

渣油与炼厂气共用技术开发及应用

对Shell工艺制合成气装置中渣油与炼厂气共用技术的开发情况进行了综述,通过掺入干气对渣油雾化的影响、对气化系统的影响及废热锅炉的影响进行了分析,运行结果证明掺烧干气后耗氧量比全部用渣油时明显降低。     

九江石化利用炼油干气生产化肥

作为全国大型氮肥生产企业之一，中国石化股份有限公司九江石化分公司积极应用推广节能降耗新技术新工艺，通过实施化肥装置干气掺烧技改工程，有效地降低了化肥生产成本，该技改装置投用3年来，取得了较好的节能效果和经济效益。最大掺烧干气量达到5000m^3／h，化肥装置利用炼油装置提供的干气替代渣油作为化肥生产的原料后，每小时可节约3t渣油，从而实现了总体资源优化配置，每年至少可为企业降本增效2000多万元。     

九江石化利用炼油干气生产化肥

作为全国最大的氮肥生产企业之一，中国石化九江石化分公司积极应用推广节能降耗新技术新工艺．通过实施化肥装置干气掺烧技改工程，有效地降低了化肥生产成本，该技改装置投用2年来，取得了较好的节能效果和经济效益。最大掺烧干气量达到5000m^3／h，化肥装置利用炼油装置提供的于气替代渣油作为化肥生产的原料后，每小时可节约3t渣油，从而实现了总体资源优化配置。每年至少可为企业降本增效2000多万元。     

新型渣油催化剂试验成功

兰州炼化分公司催化剂厂生产的ＬＶＲ 60新型渣油催化剂 ,在该公司重油催化裂化装置用于工业试验取得成功 ,装置减压渣油掺炼比和总液收分别提高3%和 4.83%。对炼油催化裂化装置来说 ,提高渣油掺炼比 ,就意味着新的效益的产生。兰州炼化公司根据发展的需要 ,以拓宽重质油加工能力为关键 ,不断提高渣油掺炼比。为使公司今年改造后的重油催化裂化装置的减压渣油掺炼比达到60 % ,他们积极选择新型渣油催化剂 ,并以最快的速度投入到工业试验中。经标定及将生产统计数据与去年数据相比较 ,不仅渣油掺炼比和总液收率有明显提高 ,而且干气产率和焦…     

吉化炼油厂催化装置掺渣率逐年提高

吉化炼油厂催化裂化车间积极调整工艺 ,多掺炼渣油 ,使装置掺渣率逐年提高。 1 997～ 1 999年 ,掺渣率分别为 1 2 .6%、2 0 .66%、2 8.2 2 % ,3年累计增加效益 9490万元。催化裂化装置是炼油企业的主要产成品装置 ,该装置以蜡油为原料 ,生产出汽油、柴油、液化气和瓦斯气。炼油厂催化裂化装置原设备能力为1 0 0万ｔ/ａ ,为了使装置掺炼渣油 ,工厂于 1 994年对装置进行了改造 ,使装置的原料结构发生了重大变化 ,炼油量降至 50 % ,同时可以掺炼 1 6%脱沥青油和 34%常压渣油。减压渣油虽然比常压渣油难炼 ,但却是装置的生产发展方向。尤其减压…     

喷雾干燥空气加热炉渣油燃烧技术

介绍了催化剂生产装置中喷雾干燥系统空气加热炉的燃烧技术。即由原设计的重柴油燃烧，改用新技术和新工艺的渣油燃烧的试验及工业应用情况，并对操作过程的工艺参数优化进行了较详细的阐述。     

喷雾干燥空气加热炉渣油燃烧技术

介绍了催化剂生产装置中喷雾干燥系统的系统空气加热炉的燃烧技术，即由原设计的重柴油燃烧，改用新技术和新工艺的渣油燃烧的试验及工业应用情况，并对操作过程的工艺参数优化进行了较详细的阐述。     

床层压降抑制剂在渣油加氢装置上的应用探究

安庆石化分公司渣油加氢装置设计运行周期为18个月，随着装置运转的延长，催化剂活性逐步下降，运转到末期时催化剂失活情况更加严重，第一反应器R-101的压差上升速率明显加快，这直接影响了装置掺炼渣油量和运转周期，为解决这个问题，安庆石化分公司200万吨/年渣油加氢装置准备甩开第一反应器前50天使用压降抑制剂，以便延长装置生产运行周期和末期掺重能力。     

掺炼高酸渣油对延迟焦化装置的影响

国内某延迟焦化装置原设计加工低硫低酸石蜡基减压渣油,为优化全厂加工流程,提高工厂重质高酸渣油二次加工能力,提升企业的经济效益,拟将重质高酸渣油送至该延迟焦化装置处理。结合装置现状以及设计原料性质、高酸渣油性质,对延迟焦化装置掺炼高酸渣油对装置的处理能力,以及对设备、管道的腐蚀情况进行核算,分析掺炼后对装置的影响并提出解决方案。     

锅炉燃烧器的调整与维护

计算不同渣油喷嘴正确的安装位置，并通过试验确定调风器合适的一、二次风挡板开度，精心维护，解决了锅炉渣油燃烧器频繁出现结焦的问题，保证渣油燃烧器的顺利点火及渣油的充分完全燃烧。     

粗苯管式炉富油管道碳渣的清洗

介绍了采用加气汽化燃烧的化学清洗法清洗粗苯管式炉富油管道内壁碳渣的实践经验，并对富油管道内壁碳渣的形成原因、垢样分析结果、加气汽化燃烧的清洗机理、具体清洗操作过程及取得的效果进行了全面介绍。气化清扫后，循环洗油量由35m^3／h上升到70m^3／h；输送压力由1．2MPa下降到0．5MPa，传热效率大幅度提高。     

Soot oxidation in gas turbines using heavy fuels. 2

Most of the work carried out, so far, in the study of soot oxidation has used laboratory flames and shock tubes in connection with graphite to avoid the difficulty in determining the history of soot particles in complex practical flames such as those of the gas turbine. Therefore, a soot oxidation model is developed to calculate the soot burning rate in the secondary zone of a gas turbine combustor operating with heavy fuels including blends of gas oil and residual fuel oil. The combustor pressure is raised to 1.0 MPa, inlet air temperature to 460 K, primary air/fuel mass ratio to 25 and total air/fuel mass ratio to 120. The capability of the model is found to be favourable when evaluated at the exhaust plane. Furthermore, it is noted that, at full power, the soot level in the primary zone can decrease ≈ 1000 times in its travel through the secondary zone before emerging as smoke. A disparity in the peak soot burning rate is noted between fuels at the idle condition. At full power this disparity disappears.     

RFCCU分馏塔底结焦原因及技术改造

本文介绍了黑龙江石油化工厂RFCCU在运行中分馏塔底结焦,并针对此问题,提出改造分馏塔底滤焦器,向油浆系统中加入NS－13油浆阻垢剂,在生产中调整分馏塔操作参数,保证RFCCU正常运行。     

含油污泥在煤粉锅炉雾化喷燃的研究分析

为了高效低成本处理含油污泥,提出了含油污泥在煤粉锅炉雾化喷燃的工艺。重点介绍了采用雾化喷燃含油污泥的过程,揭示了含水率对于污泥特性影响,探讨了在不同含油污泥与煤混烧比条件下,锅炉效率和污染物排放的变化规律。结果发现污泥含水率越低,炉膛里面的能量损失越小。含水率为90%时,具有较优流动特性。掺烧污泥对燃煤锅炉效率影响较小,在最大污泥掺烧比条件下混合燃烧效率比煤粉单独燃烧时锅炉效率仅减小0.17%。掺烧处理每吨污泥耗煤0.14t。分析表明:处理某大型化工厂的3万t/a污泥的运行费用折合标准煤为4 248t。因此,污掺烧具有较好的环保经济效益。     

Canola and high erucic rapeseed oil as substitutes for diesel fuel: Preliminary tests

A cooperative project using the facilities of the POS Pilot Plant Corporation, the Saskatchewan Research Council and the Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Saskatchewan, and funded by Agriculture Canada, was initiated in 1980 to investigate the feasibility of using canola and high erucic rapeseed oil as a replacement/extender to diesel fuel in direct-injection diesel engines. Work carried out included the documented production and refining of canola and R500 (high erucic) vegetable oils, preparation of methyl ester and of blends of all these fuels with methanol and ethanol. These fuels were evaluated by ASTM and improvised tests to determine their usefulness as diesel fuel. Engine tests involved a 2-cylinder Petter diesel and a 6-cylinder John Deere turbocharged diesel. Results were similar for both engines in short-term performance tests, and indicated that: (a) maximal power was essentially the same when burning canola oil as when burning diesel fuel; (b) specific fuel consumption was ca. 6% higher when burning canola oil, but because canola oil has a heating value 14% less than diesel fuel, the thermal efficiency is somewhat higher when operating on canola oil; (c) there were no starting problems down to 10 C; (d) there were fewer particulates in the exhaust when burning canola oil; and (e) there was generally less combustion noise when burning canola oil. The high viscosity of canola oil (ca. 35 times that of disel fuel at 20 C) poses a major problem in using the oil at low temperature. Blending with diesel fuel and the creation of a methyl ester from the canola oil both proved effective in reducing viscosity, but neither lowered the pour point apprecibly. Efforts on reduction of pour points and further work on blends and on heating the fuel are described.     

合成煤焦油在煤粉锅炉点火中的应用试验研究

为了降低发电成本,解决石油深加工后造成的火力发电厂燃煤锅炉点火用渣油不存在的问题,经过试验研究,成功地实现了风扇磨煤机直吹式制粉系统锅炉启动点火用合成煤焦油代替渣油,并且达到了锅炉小油点火启动,每台锅炉一次冷态启动减少耗油量20 t;并对原来的油系统和油喷嘴进行了改造,实现了无蒸汽加热、小油枪雾化的点火方式,总结出相应的启动运行方案.通过热态试验测得,锅炉启动时参数变化平稳,锅炉升温、升压速度及壁温控制正常.     

NOTES ON TUNNEL KILN CAR LUBRICATION*

A discussion of the properties required by oil for kiln-car lubrication is presented. The results reported on questionnaires answered by forty plants operating tunnel kilns are given, together with comments and conclusions therefrom. The residue, flash, and burning points of ten different oils approved for kiln-car lubrication are listed with directions for using oil as a lubricant on tunnel kiln cars.     

A study on using fish oil as an alternative fuel for conventional combustors

Combustion tests for fish oil and its blends with fuel oils were performed in a pilot tunnel furnace and two residential boilers to evaluate fish oil as an alternative fuel for conventional boilers and furnaces. Droplet evaporation tests were also conducted as a complementary study of the combustion properties. Fish oil and the blends burned readily in the facilities. The emissions were generally lower than burning the pure fuel oil except that of NO, which was higher for blends with No. 6 residual fuel oil. With better quality No. 2 fuel oil the NO emission of the blends was at the same level as that of the pure oil. Overall fish oil showed good combustion properties and significant economic and environmental benefits are expected.     

Heavy-fuel flame radiation in gas turbine combustors—exploratory results

With lower costs and greater availability, heavy fuel oil appears as an attractive alternative to the conventional gas oil used in industrial gas turbines. However, higher levels of radiation and smoke are expected, and this note reports on some preliminary tests made with a combustion chamber burning fuels of different carbon content, ranging from kerosine to a 25% blend of residual fuel oil in gas oil, at a chamber pressure of 10 atm^*. The combustion rig was equipped with a total-radiation pyrometer and black-body furnace capable of measurement at different axial stations along the spray-stabilized flame. The presence of the residual fuel oil in the gas oil was found to promote significant increases in the mean levels of radiation, emissivity and smoke density, with a modest increase in liner temperature.