锚杆预紧扭矩转化效率主控因素分析

为研究锚杆预紧扭矩与预紧力转化规律，通过理论分析和现场试验，系统研究了转化效率主控因素，并基于数值模拟结果对锚杆预紧扭矩进行参数优选。研究结果表明：同一预紧扭矩下，随螺母与螺纹间摩擦因子、螺母与垫圈间摩擦因子增大，锚杆预紧力均随之减小，且减小速率呈降低趋势。对于细牙全螺纹锚杆和左旋无纵筋锚杆，当预紧扭矩超过400 N·m时，预紧力增幅随预紧扭矩增加而变缓，继续施加预紧扭矩获得的预紧力增量较小。锚杆直径越大，预紧扭矩转化效率越低，锚杆螺距越小，预紧扭矩转化效率越高。当预紧力达到80 kN时，直径18 mm细牙全螺纹锚杆和直径20 mm左旋无纵筋锚杆对应的预紧扭矩分别为408 N·m和429 N·m。研究成果对锚杆支护理论完善及支护参数选取具有一定实用价值。     

锚杆及其附件对预紧力转化效能影响的试验研究

为掌握锚杆预紧力和预紧转矩之间的转化效能规律,以大同煤矿集团有限责任公司自产锚杆及其附件为研究对象,利用室内试验研究了托盘材质、托盘类型、减磨垫片、锚杆直径和材质5个因素对转化效能的影响,结果表明:对于无减磨垫片的平托盘,其强度越高,预紧转矩转化的预紧力越大;无弧形切槽球形托盘孔口的破坏阻碍了转化效能的发挥,加工切槽后,在280 N·m转矩下转化所得预紧力提高了67.9%;增设减磨垫片后,相同转矩时平托盘和球形托盘锚杆预紧力增幅分别为38.8%和112.1%,后者效能发挥更加充分;随着锚杆直径越大,其预紧力和预紧转矩之间的转化效能降低,而锚杆材质对上述影响较为有限;巷道支护中,应优先选用"MSGLW-500-20+有弧形切槽球形托盘+专用有檐螺母+减磨垫片"的组合形式。     

锚杆支护合理预紧力的确定及优化

以黄陵二号煤矿二盘区211回风巷与420胶带巷为工程背景,采用理论分析、锚杆预紧扭矩与预紧力转化试验、井下现场试验相结合的方法,探讨了某矿煤巷支护锚杆合理预紧力的确定。试验研究表明,锚杆预紧力与螺母预紧力矩成正比,且取决于系数k,k值越大,减摩效果越好,相同的预紧扭矩对应的锚杆预紧力越大;通过提高螺母预紧力矩和转换系数k值可以增大锚杆预紧力,而减摩垫片可使锚杆预紧力显著提高,且预紧扭矩越大,减摩垫片的作用越明显。对比井下试验发现,矿用锚杆预紧力转化系数低,建议预紧扭矩为400 N·m,转化后预紧力为32～72 kN,预紧力大,支护效果较好。     

基于推力球轴承高效减摩方式的锚杆支护

针对煤矿井下锚杆高预紧力施加困难,螺母扭矩转化效率较低,且对螺母施加较高扭矩会对锚杆尾部形成一定损害,导致锚杆尾部容易发生破断,从而降低了锚杆整体强度的现象,采用实验室试验和井下试验的方法,研究推力球轴承对预紧力转化效率的影响,推力球轴承与不同形式螺母的匹配关系;并对新型减摩方式进行了工业性试验,得出推力球轴承扭矩转化效率比尼龙垫片提高了1倍,使锚杆在较小扭矩下实现高预紧力,推力球轴承内径与锚杆直径相差1 mm时有利于轴承抗压强度的发挥,同时使用法兰螺母可使轴承受力更均匀。实践证明,推力球轴承在井下性能稳定,在很大程度上提高了锚杆支护强度和支护刚度,提高了支护系统的可靠性。     

锚杆螺纹结构与扭矩-预紧力转化关系试验研究

锚杆预紧力是锚杆发挥其主动支护效果的关键。为提高矿井巷道支护锚杆的预紧力,研究了螺纹螺距、牙高、形状对锚杆扭矩-预紧力的转化关系规律;选取了不同锚杆螺纹螺距、螺纹牙高、螺纹形状,通过试验研究螺纹结构对锚杆扭矩-预紧力转化的影响。结果表明:螺纹螺距越大,螺纹牙高越大,锚杆扭矩-预紧力转化率越低;三角形螺纹锚杆的扭矩-预紧力转化率较高。矿井巷道使用锚杆时,为提高锚杆扭矩-预紧力转化效果,可以选取螺纹螺距1.0mm、螺纹牙高0.2mm、螺纹形状为三角形的锚杆。     

锚杆杆尾螺纹力学性能的实验研究

为提高锚杆杆尾螺纹段综合力学性能,在分析锚杆杆尾螺纹力学性能主要影响因素的基础上,对不同螺纹参数的锚杆螺纹段力学性能进行了试验研究,开发出螺纹力学性能测试试验台,加工不同公称直径、不同牙型、不同螺距等参数的螺纹段试件,进行多方案对比试验,得出不同螺纹结构参数与锚杆螺纹段力学性能的关系。试验结果表明：螺纹参数对锚杆螺纹段力学性能影响非常显著;通过减小螺纹的螺距,能够有效提高螺纹预紧力矩转化效率,并提高杆尾螺纹段的拉伸强度性能。     

影响锚杆支护预紧力的因素分析与确定

锚杆预紧力受到多种因素的影响,其中预紧扭矩是最主要的影响因素。在锚杆的加工和井下安装过程中,应当保证预紧扭矩充分转化为预紧力,合理确定预紧力,可增大锚杆的间排距,降低支护成本,减少钻孔数量,提高单进速度,以获得合理的预紧力。     

煤矿井下锚杆预紧力控制研究

预应力是锚杆支护中重要的参数,预应力对巷道支护效果有重要影响。分析了锚杆预应力对巷道支护效果的影响,锚杆预紧扭矩与预紧力对应关系。针对目前煤矿井下常用的锚杆施工预紧机具,对比了各种施工机具的优缺点,从技术角度、材料方面以及施工机具方面提出了煤矿井下锚杆预紧力的控制措施,提出了锚杆预紧扭矩的合理范围,并得出对于高强度锚杆及强力锚杆,锚杆的预紧扭矩不是越大越好,而是应该有一个合理的范围。井下试验实测数据表明,对于传统高强度锚杆,预紧扭矩要达到300 N·m,一般不要超过500 N·m;对于强力锚杆,锚杆的预紧扭矩要达到400 N·m,一般不要超过550 N·m,否则锚杆容易扭曲变形甚至屈服。通过井下实例进行了锚杆预紧力控制的试验,锚杆破断现象基本消失,取得了很好的支护效果。     

高预紧力锚杆支护理论与技术发展现状

总结了高预紧力锚杆支护作用机理,介绍了我国高预紧力锚杆支护技术发展现状。认为:我国锚杆预紧力水平较低,应当在锚尾螺纹精细加工、锚杆与附件结构性能匹配、防锈蚀锚杆材质研制等方面加强研究,真正实现高预紧力锚杆支护,为我国复杂困难条件下的巷道支护提供重要保障。     

高预紧力均布承载型锚杆力学响应及应用

预紧力作为锚杆支护的关键参数之一,对主动支护起着决定性作用,国内外研究表明提高锚杆预紧力可降低冒顶事故的发生,为有效提高锚杆预紧力、降低断锚、失锚的现象发生。研发了滚动式减摩垫片和拉压分离型螺母,综合采用实验室试验、理论分析、数值计算,研究了滚动式减摩垫片、拉压分离型螺母转矩-预紧力转化关系,研究了普通螺母、拉压分离型螺母预紧过程中力学响应特征。研究表明：普通锚杆预紧过程中,约有60%转矩被锚杆螺母与托盘之间的摩擦所消耗,使用滚动式减摩垫片可将摩擦消耗的转矩降低至25%,转矩-预紧力转化率提高2倍左右;普通锚杆螺母内螺纹副应力沿着远离挤压面轴向呈指数衰减,螺母内前3圈应力值较大,该范围发生明显的应力集中,为锚杆杆体断裂的危险面,使用拉压分离型螺母后螺纹副应力呈均匀分布,消除了应力集中现象,螺纹变形协调;集成滚动式减摩垫片、拉压分离型螺母等发明了高预紧力均布承载型锚杆,可将预紧力提升至2.5倍,杜绝锚杆易从螺纹段断裂的现象,在淮南矿区朱集矿得取得良好的应用效果。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

2014 second batch of rare earth quota released

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矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片ANSYS模态分析及应用

高效节能矿用防爆对旋主要通风机的叶片是主要通风机运行的关键部件,叶片在运行时不断受到气流的作用力,从而使叶片产生振动,当叶片振动的频率与叶片的固有频率接近时,容易产生共振从而导致叶片的断裂。一旦叶片断裂时,对主要通风机的安全运行产生致命的影响,从而导致矿山、化工等企业发生重大事故,将会产生不可估量的损失。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,对高效节能矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片进行模态分析及产生对应的六阶模态频率,对主要通风机叶片的运行频率、固有频率及产生的共振问题进行了原理分析,并且解决了叶片频率共振的问题,从而为主要通风机叶片结构设计提供理论依据,并对主要通风机叶片的安全运行提供保障。     

2013 NdFeB export analysis

<正>China totally exported nearly 24,000 tonsof NdFeB products during 201 3,including 18,825 tons of permanent magnet,valued USD 1.34 billion at an average price of 71.4 USD/kg;3,277 tons of NdFeB magnetic powder,valued USD 1 01 million at an average price of 30.9 USD/kg;1,334 tons of strip casting ribbon,with total export value of USD 74million at an average price of 55.3 USD/kg;and 586