超缓凝混凝土在长螺旋咬合桩中的应用

结合南昌某工程，以白糖和葡萄糖酸钠作为复合缓凝剂，采用一次搅拌和二次搅拌2种制备工艺，配制超缓凝混凝土。通过对流动性、凝结时间、抗压强度等方面的测试分析，确定C35超缓凝混凝土的最佳配合比；通过对微观形貌的测试分析，探究缓凝剂对水泥水化产物的影响。结果表明，掺入缓凝剂可以改变水泥早期水化产物钙矾石(AFt)的晶体结构，减缓水化速率，延长凝结时间。缓凝剂掺量为0.38%时，混凝土有较长的凝结时间，较好的流动性，以及较高的力学性能，满足实际工程的施工要求。相较于一次搅拌工艺，采用二次搅拌工艺制备的超缓凝混凝土，流动性更好，凝结时间更长，更有利于长螺旋咬合桩的施工应用。     

WHⅡ型超缓凝剂对硅酸盐水泥水化过程的影响

研究了WHⅡ型超缓凝剂对硅酸盐水泥水化、水化热、凝结时间、强度等的影响,运用XRD以及SEM对硅酸盐水泥的水化过程进行跟踪测试,结果表明适量使用WHⅡ型超缓凝剂可以得到合适的缓凝效果和增强作用。     

多元复合缓凝剂制备及其对磷酸镁水泥性能的影响

以硼砂、十二水合磷酸氢二钠、氯化钙为原料制备了复合缓凝剂,利用水化热、XRD、SEM等手段,对比研究了复合缓凝剂与硼砂对磷酸镁水泥主要性能的影响。结果表明:对于掺复合缓凝剂的磷酸镁水泥,其流动性降低,水化放热更迟,放热速率更低,凝结时间更长;其水化产物中除了鸟粪石(KMgPO4·6H2O),还存在少量氯化钾,且水化产物的结晶度和微裂纹也得到了一定改善;复合缓凝剂掺量在一定范围内(≤8%)时,其凝结时间显著延长,且后期强度优于掺10%(常规掺量)硼砂的磷酸镁水泥。因此,在满足凝结时间的条件下,多元复合缓凝剂更有利于改善磷酸镁水泥的整体性能。     

WHⅡ型超缓凝剂对硅酸盐水泥水化过程的影响

研究了WHⅡ型超缓凝剂对硅酸盐水泥水化、水化热、凝结时间、强度等的影响，运用xRD以及SEM对硅酸盐水泥的水化过程进行跟踪测试，结果表明适量使用WHⅡ型超缓凝剂可以得到合适的缓凝效果和增强作用。     

改性木素磺酸盐高效减水剂对水泥水化及混凝土耐久性的影响

为了研究由木素磺酸钙改性缓凝高效减水剂GCL1-3A对混凝土耐久性的影响，测定了掺加GCL1-3A的水泥净浆水化参数，包括水化温升、硬化水泥的化学结合水量以及微观结构、孔隙结构。同时测定了GCL1-3A对混凝土抗渗性及碳钢腐蚀情况的影响。结果表明：GCL1-3A能显著延缓水泥水化的放热，掺量为0．35％时使水化过程的最高温度降低13℃，减少混凝土温度裂缝产生。掺加GCL1-3A可使硬化水泥石中10nm以下的小孔明显增加，平均孔径减小；同时促使水泥水化生成大量晶型细小的钙矾石，混凝土填充得更密实。综合作用使得掺加GCL1-3A的混凝土渗水性降低，28天抗渗标号达S27；碳钢挂片实验还证明GCL1-3A能减缓混凝土钢筋表面的锈蚀。结果表明GCL1-3A能有效提高混凝土的耐久性。     

固硫灰免蒸压加气混凝土性能影响因素的研究

利用循环流化床燃煤固硫灰制备了免蒸压无水泥加气混凝土,并对影响其性能的因素进行了研究。讨论了石灰掺量、激发剂掺量、料浆初始温度、养护制度、固硫灰细度、铝粉掺量等因素对无水泥固硫灰免蒸压加气混凝土性能的影响;并使用SEM和XRD等手段对制品的水化产物进行了形貌和矿物成分分析。研究结果表明:激发剂掺量是影响加气混凝土性能的主要因素;在生石灰掺量为12%,激发剂掺量为2.1%和60℃蒸汽养护1d的条件下,可以制备出容重为705kg/m3,强度达5.44MPa的无水泥固硫灰免蒸压加气混凝土。     

缓凝剂对建筑石膏结构与强度的负面影响

利用SEM扫描电镜、MIP压汞测孔技术等测试手段．系统深入地研究了柠檬酸、多聚磷酸钠、骨胶3类常用典型缓凝剂对建筑石膏水化早期液相过饱和度、晶体形貌以及硬化体孔结构的影响,研究了石膏强度损失的内在原因和机制．结果表明：缓凝剂降低了胶凝材水化早期液相过饱和度,改变了二水石膏结晶习性和晶体形貌,晶体明显粗化,晶形也由针状转变为短柱状,大大削弱了晶体间的搭接,硬化体孔径增大,大孔比例明显增加,孔结构劣化,并最终导致建筑石膏强度的大幅度降低．强度损失与其缓凝效果基本成正比,掺量越高,缓凝时间越长,强度损失越大．     

高价阳离子硫酸盐对混凝土早期强度的影响

研究了单掺高价阳离子硫酸盐对混凝土早期强度的影响，结果显示其对水泥、混凝土具有促凝作用，使混凝土早期强度降低。正交试验得出高价阳离子硫酸盐掺量为0．5％、缓凝组分羟基羧酸为0．015％时，混凝土的早期1d、3d强度分别提高32％和17％，而后期28d强度无降低。机理分析表明，单掺高价阳离子硫酸盐能使水泥在水化初期迅速生成大量钙矾石而导致速凝，但恰当复合缓凝组分后既能使钙矾石难以过快生成避免速凝，从而发挥其有利方面的作用；又能因其含有硫酸根和高价离子，前者可生成较多的AFt，后者聚沉作用强，加快硅酸盐矿物的水化，生成更多的C—S—H，使结构更加密实，提高了混凝土强度。     

减少高强混凝土中未水化水泥的方法研究

双掺、三掺方式可以保证混凝土在大掺量矿物掺合料条件下仍具有良好的工作性、较高的强度 ,同时还可以显著提高硬化混凝土密实性 ,有效改善水泥石 集料界面区结构 ,从而减少了硬化混凝土中未水化水泥数量 ,抑制了外界水分的渗入 ,最终消除了未水化水泥日后的水化对混凝土的危害     

减少高强混凝土中未水化水泥的方法研究

双掺、三掺方式可以保证混凝土在大掺量矿物掺合料条件下仍具有良好的工作性、较高的强度,同时还可以显著提高硬化混凝土密实性,有效改善水泥石-集料界面区结构,从而减少了硬化混凝土中未水化水泥数量,抑制了外界水分的渗入,最终消除了未水化水泥日后的水化对混凝土的危害.     

Effect of New Hardening Accelerator on the Strength of Segment Concrete

A novel crystal nucleus-based cement-hardening accelerator was evaluated using various mortar and segment concrete experiments.The mechanism of hardening acceleration was investigated via hydration temperature variation analysis,hydration degree analysis,X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).In the presence of accelerator,the fluidity loss of mortar was increased after 30 minuites,and a coagulation was also observed.Moreover,based on the image of SEM,the formation of C-S-H gels was enhanced in the early hydration.As a result,the hardening accelerator could significantly boost the early strength of concrete,especially within one day of pouring,and shorten steam curing time to meet the demolding strength.     

The early hydration and strength development of high-strength precast concrete with cement/metakaolin systems

To study the relationship between material composition, curing conditions and strength development, the study simulated high-strength precast concrete pile production, and a high-strength mortar up to 90 MPa was designed and a hot-water pool was built for concrete curing. The major point of the study was to achieve a high early strength by using cement/metakaolin systems without autoclave curing with high-pressure steam. By means of XRD and thermal analysis, the progress of the hydration of the cement pastes blended with metakaolin was characterized. The main results indicate that high strength can be obtained at early age by the use of metakaolin and thermal treatment (hot-water curing). The improvement in strength of mortars with metakaolin can be explained by an increase in the amount of C-S-H and C-S-A-H hydrated phases and a decrease in the amount of calcium hydration(CH). Further more, a decrease in Ca/Si ratio of the matrix was observed from the results of EDX analysis, which also leaded to an improvement of the compressive strength. These results are of great importance for the high-strength precast concrete manufacturing industry.     

超塑化剂“CSP”对水泥水化及水泥石微观结构的影响

分别对掺与不掺超塑化剂“ＣＳＰ”的水泥试样进行测试分析，探讨了ＧＳＰ对水泥水化过程及水泥石微观结构的影响。传导量热法、结合水测定分析结果表明．ＣＳＰ使水泥水化的诱导期延长．对初期水化的抑制作用可延缓混凝土坍落度经时损失，而早期和后期水化加快，因此具有早强增器作用．ＴＧ—ＤＴＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、ＭＩＰ等测试分析结果表明，ＣＳＰ使水泥石中凝胶农产物增多，有害孔减、无害孔增多，因而具有增强和提高混凝土耐久性的作用．     

纳米高岭土颗粒改性水泥基复合材料的性能

研究了纳米高岭土颗粒对不同龄期水泥基材料微观结构（微孔结构、微观结构）及物理力学性能（工作性、抗弯强度、抗压强度、氯离子渗透性）的影响。结果表明,纳米高岭土颗粒的填充效应及其对水泥水化的促进作用改善了水泥基材料的微观孔结构,限制了氯离子在水泥基材料中的渗透扩散。当高岭土为水泥质量的1％时,水泥浆1、3、7、90 d抗弯强度分别提高30．41％、39．04％、36．27％和38．32％;当高岭土为水泥质量的5％时,水泥砂浆氯离子扩散系数降低53．03％;混凝土氯离子扩散系数随高岭土掺量增加呈指数递减;当高岭土为水泥质量的5％时,氯离子扩散系数降低18．87％;抗压强度分别提高28．4％;改性混凝土28 d抗压强度与混凝土氯离子扩散系数呈线性增加关系。     

Strength and Microstructure of Mortar Containing Glass Powder and/or Glass Aggregate

The compressive strength of mortar containing glass powder(GP) and/or glass aggregate(GA) was tested, and its microstructure was also studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis(EDX), and X-ray diffraction(XRD) techniques. The incorporation of GA would decrease the compressive strength of the mortar in the absence of GP. Incorporating both GA and GP could change the hydration environment, promote pozzolanic reaction of GP and improve the compressive strength. GP does not lead to but can effectively control ASR(Alkali Silica Reaction). GP and GA do not transform the type of hydrates, but have a great influence on the amounts of hydration products, and generate more calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H gel) with lower Ca/Si ratio. GP and GA with good gradation will make the microstructure denser.     

Microstructure Formation and Degradation Mechanism of Cementitious Plugging Agent Slurries

The hydration products and microstructure of class G oil well cement and a newly developed plugging agent (YLD) slurries cured in the simulated temperature and pressure environment, which was of similar temperature and pressure with those at the bottom of oil well in a normal depth, were investigated using XRD, TG and SEM. Severe leakage is confirmed at the interface between hardened slurries and steel tube during the dynamically curing process, which induces the quick loss of cementing property of slurries. This should be the dominating cause of degradation of class G oil well cement slurry. A secondary hydration process can take place at the eroded interface of hardened YLD plugging agent slurry. Newly formed C-S-H gel has a self-healing effect to repair the damaged interface, which unceasingly maintains the cementing property of the YLD plugging agent slurry. Therefore, the effective using period of YLD plugging agent can be prolonged.     

Properties and Acceleration Mechanism of Cement Mortar Added with Low Alkaline Liquid State Setting Accelerator

Low alkaline liquid state setting accelerator(LSA) for Portland cement was prepared in laboratory from aqueous solution of several inorganic sulfate salts and some organic chemical substances. Properties of cement with addition of LSA relating to its setting time and strength development as well as its resistance to sulfate attack for short and long term exposure were experimentally examined. The experimental results showed that 5%-7% addition of LSA significantly accelerated the initial and final setting of Portland cement in the presence or absence of the blending of mineral admixtures, the initial and final setting time being less than 3 min and 6 min respectively. Meanwhile, the early 1 day curing age compressive strength increased remarkably by 20%, while the late 28 th day curing age compressive strength remained almost unchanged as compared with that of the reference accelerator free cement mortar specimen. Furthermore, mortar specimens of cement added with LSA and exposed to 5% Na2SO4 solution showed their excellent resistance to sulfate attack, with their short and long term curing age resistance coefficient to sulfate attack being around 1.04 to 1.17, all larger than 1.0. XRD analysis on hardened cement paste specimens at very early curing ages of several minutes disclosed the existence of more ettringite in specimens added with LSA than that of the reference specimens, meanwhile SEM observation also revealed the existence of well crystallized ettringite at very early hydration stage, suggesting that the accelerated setting of Portland cement can be attributed to the early and rapid formation of ettringite over the whole cement paste matrix due to the introduction of LSA. MIP measurement revealed that hardened cement paste specimens with the addition of LSA presented less medium diameter pores, more proportion of small pores and less proportion of large capillary pores, which is in a very good coincidence with the improvement of strength development of cement mortars added with LSA.     

Experimental study on retarding mortar and its application in prestressed concrete

Based on a large number of orthogonal tests and theoretical analyses, the retarding mortar which meets the requirements of retard-bonded prestressed concrete was prepared. Initial setting time of the retarding mortar may vary from several hours to 15 d at 5 ℃-35 ℃ due to quantities and average curing temperature. And its 28 d compressive strength is above 35 MPa. Thus the influence of quantities on setting time and 28 d compressive strength, and the relationship between setting time and average curing temperature were investigated. The optimum quantities were obtained by studying the interaction of admixtures, and the retarding mechanism was discussed. Based on 52 retard-bonded prestressed strands by manual work from 24 retard-bonded prestressed concrete T-beams, static friction drag, change factor κ and friction factor μ were obtained from the test when retard-bonded prestressed strands were tensioned. Application of the retarding mortar will be vast in practical concrete projects.     

Influence of elevated curing temperature on the properties of cement paste and concrete at the same hydration degree

Three different curing temperatures(20 ℃, 40 ℃, and 60 ℃) were set, so that the nonevaporable water(w_n) contents of plain cement pastes cured at these three temperatures were measured to determine the hydration degree of cement. Tests were carried out to compare the pore structure and strength of cement paste, as well as the strength and permeability of concrete under different temperature curing conditions when their cements were cured to the same hydration degree. The experimental results show that either at a relatively low hydration degree(w_n=15%) or high hydration degree(w_n=16.5%), elevated curing temperature has little influence on the hydration products of cement paste, while it has a negative influence on the pore structure and compressive strength of cement paste. However, this negative effect is weaker at high hydration degree. The large capillary pore(100 nm) volumes of cement pastes remain almost the same at high hydration degree, regardless of curing temperatures. As for the concrete, elevated curing temperature also has negative influence on its compressive strength development, at both low hydration degree and high hydration degree. And this negative effect is stronger than that on cement paste's compressive strength at the same hydration degree. On the whole, elevated curing temperature has little influence on the resistance of concrete to chloride ion penetration.