凝胶-燃烧法合成纳米晶SnO2粉体

通过金属硝酸盐（氧化剂）和柠檬酸（燃料）的凝胶－燃烧方法合成了纳米晶SnO2粉体，TG－DSC分析得知，凝胶的着火温度为250℃，采用XRD，TEM，BET及FTIR对粉体进行了表征；考察了着火温度、燃料用量和热处理温度对所获得的粉体特性的影响，研究结果表明，晶粒尺寸与颗粒尺寸随热处理温度的上升而增大；在柠檬酸与Sn^4 的摩尔比为6：1，热处理温度为600℃时制备的纳米晶SnO2粉体的平均晶粒尺寸为12m，平均颗粒尺寸为30nm，比表面积为20－28m^2/g。     

纳米氧化镧的制备

以氯化镧水溶液为原料，通过水解和热处理制备出纳米氧化镧粉体。研究了反应温度、反应物浓度、分散剂和煅烧温度对纳米氧化镧原始粒径、比表面积和团聚现象的影响。利用BET、TEM和XRD等技术对纳米氧化镧粉体进行表征。XRD、DSC和TG表明，氢氧化镧在。750℃下煅烧2小时，完全转化为纳米氧化镧；BET结果说明，当热处理温度超过800℃时，纳米氧化镧粒子快速增大，比表面积急剧下降。TEM显示，反应温度和反应浓度是影响纳米氧化镧的原始粒径的重要因素，反应温度升高，平均原始粒径逐渐增大：反应浓度增加，平均原始粒径下降，团聚现象加剧。通过加入聚乙二醇可有效减轻纳米氧化镧的团聚现象。     

由四氯化钛制备纳米二氧化钛的方法的研究

以四氯化钛为原料，采用溶胶-凝胶法来制备纳米二氧化钛。经X-射线衍射(XRD)，透身电子显微镜(TEM)分析，得出在相同的干燥方式及不同的热处理温度下，溶胶—凝胶法制备出的二氧化钛粉体为纳米级的二氧化钛粉体。随着热处理温度的增加，溶胶-凝胶法制得的二氧化钛粉体晶型明显地从非晶型过渡到锐钛矿和金红石的混合晶型，再过渡到金红石型。     

纳米Al2O3粉体的热处理工艺参数的优化

以醇铝溶胶-凝胶法制得的水合氧化铝粉为实验原料,通过正交设计,运用(L934)正交表安排热处理实验对水合氧化铝进行热处理,制备具有不同颗粒特性纳米氧化铝粉体,探讨热处理工艺参数对纳米氧化铝颗粒特性的影响规律,优化纳米氧化铝的热处理工艺参数。结果表明:热处理工艺是影响纳米氧化铝颗粒特性的一个重要因素。热处理工艺参数对Al2O3粒子颗粒特性的影响由强到弱的次序为:煅烧温度、煅烧温度点的保温时间、水合氧化铝300℃分解温度点的保温时间;通过控制其热处理工艺参数,可获得一定尺寸范围内的大小均匀、分散性好的球形γ-Al2O3粉体;制备尺寸为8nm的球形γ-Al2O3粉体的最佳的热处理工艺参数为:煅烧温度900℃,煅烧温度点保温4h,300℃温度点不保温。     

掺氟氧化锡纳米粉体的制备

以无机盐为前驱物采用改进的溶胶凝胶法制备了掺氟氧化锡的纳米粉末,用TEM和XRD对不同热处理温度的粉体进行了形貌和结晶状态表征,并研究了粉体的特性。     

水热法制备纳米氧化镍

以硝酸镍为原料,氢氧化钠为沉淀剂、聚乙二醇为分散剂,采用水热法获得前驱体,然后经煅烧制备纳米氧化镍粉体。采用XRD、SEM和TEM对其结构和形貌进行表征。研究了溶液的pH,水热反应温度、热处理温度对纳米氧化镍结构和形貌等影响。     

二氧化硅喷雾造粒粉体的热处理

研制了一种以SiO2为基体的高温可磨耗封严涂层，为了改善二氧化硅喷雾造粒粉体的性能，研究了热处理工艺对粉体松装密度、流动速度及粒度分布的影响：结果表明，热处理过程中伴随着SiO2颗粒的烧结，热处理温度对粉体性能的影响较热处理时间更为显著，随着温度的升高，喷雾造粒SiO2球逐渐烧结，粉体粒度减小，松装密度增加，流动性提高，采用1000～1050℃、30～60min的工艺对粉体进行热处理能够获得最优的粉体性能。     

纳米ZnO粉体的制备及紫外-可见光吸收性能研究

采用直接沉淀法,以ZnSO4·7H2O为锌源,以Na2CO3为沉淀剂制得纳米ZnO的前驱体,在不同的热处理温度条件下制备了不同晶粒尺寸的纳米ZnO粉体.用X-射线衍射仪,透射电子显微镜和紫外-可见分光光度计对粉体的晶体结构,显微形貌和紫外-可见光吸收性能进行了表征,并重点探讨了煅烧温度对纳米ZnO粉体在紫外-可见光波段吸收性能的影响.结果表明,前驱体为Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2,300℃以上的煅烧温度下为六方晶系的球形纳米ZnO.合成的粉体在可见光区有很好的透过性,而在紫外光区具有很宽的吸收频段和优异的吸收性能,且随煅烧温度的不同而出现变化.     

液相法制备纳米ZrO2粉体的热处理

用改进的液相法在不同热处理工艺下制备了纳米ZrO2粉体. 样品的TEM，SAXS，BET和XRD分析结果表明, 热处理对纳米ZrO2粉体性能的影响是显著的. 结合实验与理论分析, 得出粉末颗粒长大、团聚的机制与热处理对成份、粒度及微观结构变化均有影响.     

利用水热法和添加籽晶制备纳米AlOOH粉体

以Al(NO3)3·9H2O和氨水为原料,以水为反应介质,采用水热法制备纳米AlOOH粉体.通过DSC/TG和XRD分析了不同热处理温度下粉体的晶型转变和成分.利用SEM和粒度仪分析了不同水热温度以及不同籽晶对晶粒形貌的影响.结果表明,当水热反应温度低于380℃时,所获得的粉体成分均为AlOOH,颗粒均为纳米尺度;水热反应温度的提高有利于获得形貌规则的晶粒;加籽晶比不加籽晶所得粉体的粒径小且分布均匀;加纳TiO2作籽晶比加纳米α-Al2O3作籽晶所得粉体的粒径小.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。