静置法合成starch/AM/AMPS共聚高吸水树脂

以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)为交联剂,通过静置水溶液聚合法制备了淀粉/丙烯酰胺(AM)/2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)共聚高吸水树脂。研究了反应条件对树脂吸水性能的影响,所合成的树脂最高吸蒸馏水为1561倍。并通过FTIR、SEM等技术对树脂的分子结构及表面形态进行了表征分析。     

P(AA-co-AMPS)/Kaolin复合高吸水树脂的制备及结构性能研究

以丙烯酸(AA)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和高岭土(Kaolin)为原料,采用溶液聚合法分别制备出聚丙烯酸(PAA)高吸水树脂、聚(丙烯酸-co-2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)(P(AA-co-AMPS))高吸水树脂、P(AA-co-AMPS)/Kaolin复合高吸水树脂,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等测试方法对其结构与性能进行表征。结果表明:Kaolin与P(AA-co-AMPS)高吸水树脂之间为物理共混;PAA高吸水树脂、P(AA-co-AMPS)高吸水树脂和P(AA-co-AMPS)/Kaolin复合高吸水树脂的吸水倍率分别为231,323,357 g/g,吸盐水倍率分别为35.6,64.1,66.4 g/g,保水率分别为51.3%,55.6%,57.9%,凝胶形变量分别为3.75,4.10,2.23 mm;树脂的吸水速率由小到大依次为PAA高吸水树脂、P(AA-co-AMPS)高吸水树脂、P(AA-co-AMPS)/Kaolin复合高吸水树脂。     

耐盐性可降解淀粉高吸水树脂的制备及其性能

研究以天然无毒、生物相容性良好的可降解淀粉为基体,通过自由基接枝聚合法接枝丙烯酸和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸,制备了吸水性和耐盐性能良好的淀粉基高吸水树脂。通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对淀粉高吸水树脂进行了表征,并且考察了各因素(温度、投料比、引发剂用量和交联剂用量等)对吸液性能的影响。结果表明,当反应温度为55℃,反应时间为3 h,淀粉∶AA∶AMPS为2∶8∶0.5,引发剂用量为单体的0.6%,交联剂用量为单体的0.2%时,产物淀粉高吸水树脂在蒸馏水中吸水率达到了917 g/g,在0.9%生理盐水中吸盐水率为69.2 g/g,且吸水速率较快,重复使用3次基本不影响其吸水性能。     

耐盐性可降解淀粉高吸水树脂的制备及其性能

研究以天然无毒、生物相容性良好的可降解淀粉为基体,通过自由基接枝聚合法接枝丙烯酸和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸,制备了吸水性和耐盐性能良好的淀粉基高吸水树脂。通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对淀粉高吸水树脂进行了表征,并且考察了各因素(温度、投料比、引发剂用量和交联剂用量等)对吸液性能的影响。结果表明,当反应温度为55℃,反应时间为3 h,淀粉∶AA∶AMPS为2∶8∶0.5,引发剂用量为单体的0.6%,交联剂用量为单体的0.2%时,产物淀粉高吸水树脂在蒸馏水中吸水率达到了917 g/g,在0.9%生理盐水中吸盐水率为69.2 g/g,且吸水速率较快,重复使用3次基本不影响其吸水性能。     

TiO_2/淀粉基高吸水树脂的制备与性能研究

以淀粉作为高吸水树脂主链,丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺为单体,Span80为分散剂,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,并向体系中引入表面改性的纳米二氧化钛,通过反相悬浮聚合法制备了TiO_2/淀粉基复合高吸水树脂。红外光谱证实了表面改性的纳米二氧化钛成功负载到高吸水树脂上,热重分析表面该复合树脂具有较好的热稳定性。实验条件下最佳反应条件为油水比为3:1,引发剂、交联剂、改性TiO_2的最佳用量分别为单体用量的0.6%、0.2%和3.5%左右。     

高吸水树脂的UV固化合成及研究

采用UV固化法,以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为交联剂,合成出AA/AM/AMPS互穿网络型高吸水树脂,研究了反应条件对树脂吸水性能的影响,得到了较优的反应条件.通过FT-IR、SEM对树脂的分子结构及表面形态进行了表征.     

改性纤维素高吸水树脂对Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的吸附性能研究

以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为共聚骨架,丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸钠(AMPS)和2-丙烯酰胺基十四烷基磺酸钠(Na AMC14S)为接枝单体,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了一种新型CMC-g-poly(AM-co-AMPS-co-Na AMC14S)高吸水树脂,并添加氢氧化钠(NaOH)与酰胺基发生水解反应,使得酰胺基(—CONH_2)变成羧酸根(—COO-)。通过单因素优选法筛选出树脂对Cu2+、Pb2+的最佳吸附条件。当pH为4、吸附时间为12 h、树脂质量分数为0. 01%时,CMC-g-poly高吸水树脂对Cu2+、Pb2+去除率可分别达到85. 89%、82. 09%,展示出极好的吸附性能。吸附动力学表明,该吸附过程受化学吸附控制。重金属离子可以有效地被CMC-g-poly树脂吸附。     

紫外光固化法合成交联型CTS-g-AMPS-MA高吸水性树脂的研究

本文以壳聚糖(CTS)﹑马来酸酐(MA)以及2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为高吸水性树脂的合成原料,并以过硫酸铵(APS)为作为合成反应引发剂,以N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)为合成反应的交联剂,采用紫外光固化法合成交联型CTS-g-AMPS-MA高吸水树脂。同时,研究了各组分种类及用量对交联型CTS-g-AMPS-MA树脂吸水性能的影响。实验研究结果表明:当固含量为15.87%,n(AMPS):n(MA)=14:1,ω(CTS)=2%,ω(NMBA)=2.5%,ω(APS)=0.3%,p H=3,固化时间为5 min时可得到具有较好吸水性的交联型高吸水树脂,其在蒸馏水中的最大吸水率达到555 g/g。采用FT-IR和TGA对交联型高吸水树脂结构和热稳定性进行了表征,并对交联型高吸水树脂吸水速率及动力学进行了分析。通过反吸液能力实验测定,交联型CTS-g-AMPS-MA高吸水树脂具有一定的降解能力。     

AMPS/AA-淀粉-有机蒙脱土复合高吸水树脂的性能表征

以丙烯酸和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸为单体接枝淀粉,以过硫酸铵为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,添加经有机改性的钠基蒙脱土,采用水溶液聚合法制备了丙烯酸-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸-淀粉-有机蒙脱土复合高吸水树脂。探讨了聚合温度、AMPS单体用量和有机蒙脱土用量对高吸水树脂性能的影响。最佳反应条件下得到的产物吸水倍率达775g/g,吸盐水倍率达118g/g。利用红外光谱、X射线衍射和扫描电镜对产物组成和结构形貌进行表征。     

AM/AMPS/木薯淀粉吸水树脂的研究

以木薯淀粉为骨架,以丙烯酰胺（AM）、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）为单体,通过接枝反应制备淀粉基吸水树脂。结果表明：单体配比,引发剂用量,反应时间,反应温度等因素对吸水树脂的吸夜性能有显著影响。     

Use of nano-structured modifiers to improve the operational characteristics of pipelines’ protective coatings

Hybrid nanostructured products based on silicate matrix were produced using sol-gel technology from alkali-silicate solutions of polyvalent metal salts with organic oligomer–Epoxy resin ED-20. The possibility of the use of hybrid products as modifiers for the preparation of coatings based on epoxy resin was demonstrated. The effect of the structure of hybrid modifiers on the physico-mechanical properties of the coatings was analyzed.     

Improving interfacial adhesion between copper foil and resin using amino acid in printed circuit board industry

The corrosion inhibitor of nitrogen-containing amino acid histidine (His) has been applied in brown oxidation solutions and the relationships between brown oxidation solutions with the various concentrations of His and the adhesion strength of copper/resin laminates have been systematically studied by various testing techniques, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), peeling strength and field emission scanning electronic microscope. The result obtained from EIS suggested that His exhibited excellent anti-corrosive performance which contributed to a higher stability of the organic metallic film post brown oxidation process treatment. The roughness surface like honeycomb structure was gained and peel strength of the Cu/resin laminates was raised up to 0.71 kg/cm by altering the concentration of His in brown oxidation solutions. Moreover, theoretical calculations manifested that the studied inhibitor was almost adsorbed in parallel on the copper surface and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) declared that the value of adhesion strength was related to the surface chemistry of copper foil and resins after the lamination process which may attribute to chemical reactions at the copper/resin interface.     

海泡石接枝P(AMPS-co-AM)高吸水树脂的合成和性能

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和海泡石黏土(ST)为原料,采用微波辐射方法制备了ST接枝P(AMPS-co-AM)耐盐性高吸水性树脂,考察了海泡石用量、无机盐溶液金属离子价态和浓度对树脂吸水倍率的影响,研究了树脂的吸水速率和保水性能。用FTIR、XRD、SEM对吸水性树脂进行了表征。结果表明,树脂的吸水倍率随着无机盐溶液浓度的增加而减小,在不同价态金属离子盐溶液中,树脂的吸水倍率顺序为NaCl>CaCl2>FeCl3,在体系中适量地引入ST能显著提高树脂的吸水能力,树脂具有较快的吸水速率和良好的保水性能。FTIR和XRD表明,ST和有机单体之间发生了接枝共聚反应,部分单体插入到ST的层间形成插层型复合高吸水性树脂,SEM显示树脂具有多孔的层状结构。     

Grundierungen für organische Dispersionsanstriche auf siliciumorganischer Grundlage und Emulsionsanstriche für Fassaden mit Siliconharzen als Bindemittel

Primers for Organic Dispersion Paints based on Organo-Silicons and Emulsion Paints with Silicon Resin Binders for Buildings It is possible to prepare water resistent, porous cement paints with silicon resin dispersions. Emulsion paints based on silicon resins are completely porous and they can be applied on absolutely fresh plasters even under the most difficult weather conditions. The water content of plaster and the building material was followed by continuous measurements. Alkalisiliconates and certain silicon resin solutions are porous primers for organic binder paints.     

阴离子交换树脂有机物污染的次氯酸钠复苏机理与方法

在电厂高参数机组凝结水处理中,阴树脂常受到有机物污染。将NaClO应用到阴树脂的复苏中,通过试验确定了NaClO的最佳浓度为0．4％。测定浸出液有机物含量、渗磨圆球率、树脂含水率、树脂工作交换容量,试验表明0．4％NaClO＋10％NaN03的复苏效果优于电厂广泛采用的0．1％NaOH＋10％NaNO3复苏液和3％Na2SO3＋10％NaNO,复苏液的复苏效果。将该复苏液应用于中试试验,结果表明复苏后树脂能够达到一等品的要求。     

OXIDATIVE TREATMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHROMIUM ACCUMULATION IN A POLYMERIC MATRIX

ABSTRACT

Chromium (III) species tend to accumulate in the organic matrix with carboxylic groups like weak acid ion exchanger resins. Using conventional acidic solutions, chromium (III) can be partially eluted in some circumstances, while an oxidative stripping using hydrogen peroxide in alkaline media seems to be useful. Previously, Cr(III)–H₂O₂ reaction has been studied in aqueous solutions (homogeneous system) at 20°C, testing for 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0?mM of Cr(III) as total metal concentration. The effect of hydroxide ion on the rate of oxidation was also examined. Chromate was continuously monitored using an FIA system. The general mechanism of the homogeneous reactions has been postulated and the main kinetic parameters of the reactions have been calculated. Ageing of chromium (III) solutions has an important effect on the experimental results. Metal elution from cationic resin is usually carried out by strong acids, but here chromium loaded onto a cation-exchange resin is completely stripped after oxidation to chromate ion. The reaction rate is mainly controlled by intraparticular diffusion of the anionic species through the cationic resin. Surprisingly, these are not rejected from the resin phase by the Donnan exclusion. This apparently anomalous behaviour has been explained in terms of the reaction mechanism.     

The kinetics of esterification of resin acids

Summary The kinetics of the esterification of resin acids in both concentrated solutions and dilute alcoholic solutions were studied over a wide temperature range. In concentrated solutions the order of the reaction changes with both the temperature and the extent of reaction, but in dilute solutions the kinetics are similar to those for other organic acids. The uncatalyzed esterification is pseudo-second order while the hydrogen-ion-catalyzed esterification is first order and follows the Goldschmidt equation. Thus the esterification mechanism is probably the same as for other organic acids even though the carboxyl group on a resin acid molecule is highly hindered. Catalysts by six metallic resinates—especially calcium and lithium—was also studied. The catalytic rate constants at 260°C. varied quantitatively with the “acidity” of the metallic resinates in rosin at 200°C. As esterification catalysts, the metallic resinates increase the activation energy but also increase the activation entropy sufficiently so that the free energy of activation is decreased, especially at high temperatures. The observed kinetic behavior agrees with a rate expression derived by assuming that the ratecontrolling step is a reaction of metallic resinate with the alcohol to form an ester and a basic metallic resinate. Presented before the Division of Paint, Plastics, and Printing Ink Chemistry Symposium on Naval Stores, 131st Meeting, American Chemical Society, Miami, Fla., April, 1957     

新型锂镁分离有机膦树脂的合成

以线性酚醛树脂为母体,其经溴甲基化、三乙氧基磷亲核取代及Arbuzov重排反应,合成一种新型有机膦树脂。该树脂经红外表征。通过Gauss软件对产物结构单元类似物进行频率计算,得到其理论计算红外图谱,与产物实测红外图谱进行比对,表明对酚醛树脂高分子骨架上官能团改造是成功的,合成了一种新型的有机膦树脂。     

The adsorption of an epoxy acrylate resin on aluminium alloy conversion coatings

A thermodynamic study of the adsorption of an epoxy acrylate resin used for UV-cured coatings on two different anticorrosion pretreatments on aluminium alloys relevant to aerospace industry has been undertaken. Aluminium alloy Al2219 specimens, treated with an inorganic chromate based conversion coating (Alodine 1200S) and an organic titanium based conversion coating (Nabutan STI/310), were immersed in solutions of different concentrations of the resin and adsorption isotherms were determined by assessing the uptake of the adsorbate, as a function of solution concentration, by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The results show different behaviour for the two substrates, which can be attributed to the organic component of the titanium based coating. In the case of the inorganic conversion coating a clear plateau is achieved at relatively low concentrations and at a lower level of adsorption than for the hybrid coating. The data for both the coatings conform well to the Langmuir model, the organic coating, as well as showing a higher level of adsorption of the resin, also presents oscillatory behaviour at low concentration, which is shown to be complementary to the behaviour of the reactive diluent included with the epoxy acrylate to aid processing. A discussion of this competitive adsorption of the epoxy resin and the diluent on the different substrates is presented, based on considerations of the chemistry of the systems under investigation.     

有机硅改性丙烯酸阳极电泳漆的合成

以乙醇为溶剂,将正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)与乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTEOS)经酸催化合成了一种表面带有乙烯基的活性二氧化硅粒子,然后将其与丙烯酸树脂聚合得到透明的有机硅改性阳极电泳漆。研究了有机硅的添加方式对反应过程,有机硅含量对改性丙烯酸树脂的玻璃化转变温度、黏度以及电泳漆性能的影响,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热和热重分析等对改性丙烯酸树脂进行了表征。结果表明,有机硅的最佳添加方式是与部分单体预混后逐滴滴加。随着有机硅含量的增大,改性丙烯酸树脂的黏度、玻璃化转变温度和耐热性提高。当有机硅添加量为0.8%~1.2%时,电泳漆膜的综合性能较好。