不同发芽程度芽麦储藏稳定性研究

研究了不同含水量萌动芽麦和露芽芽麦在25℃和30℃储藏过程中的微生物活性,脂肪酸值及呼吸作用,以此判定芽麦的储藏稳定性。结果表明,12%及13.2%的低水分芽麦的生物学活性(包括微生物活性及呼吸作用)和脂肪酸值与正常麦变化趋势相似,两者间差异较小,储藏稳定性都较高。当含水量为14.5%和15.5%时,芽麦与正常麦微生物活性值和脂肪酸值都逐渐升高,但芽麦较同水分正常麦的增量显著,霉变时间缩短。含水量14.5%萌动芽麦较正常麦呼吸作用强。与萌动芽麦相比,露芽芽麦的脂肪酸值和呼吸作用表现出基础值高,储藏时上升速度较快的特点,其储藏稳定性较差。     

特种稻谷(黑米)平衡水分的试验测定

稻谷的解吸和吸湿平衡水分是研究稻谷干燥机理与安全贮藏的重要参数。本文在相对湿度30%~90%范围内,采用动态法测定了温度分别为20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃时特种稻谷(黑米)吸湿的平衡水分;绘制了特种稻谷(黑米)的吸湿平衡水分曲线;分析了温度和相对湿度对平衡水分的影响;得出该品种稻谷在20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃时吸湿平衡水分与相对湿度的非线性关系方程式。     

特种稻谷（黑米）平衡水分的试验测定

稻谷的解吸和吸湿平衡水分是研究稻谷干燥机理与安全贮藏的重要参数。本文在相对湿度30％～90％范围内，采用动态法测定了温度分别为20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃时特种稻谷（黑米）吸湿的平衡水分；绘制了特种稻谷（黑米）的吸湿平衡水分曲线；分析了温度和相对湿度对平衡水分的影响；得出该品种稻谷在20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃时吸湿平衡水分与相对湿度的非线性关系方程式。     

含水量和处理温度对人工加速老化试验中水稻种子储藏特性的影响

为了克服已有的高温高湿的人工老化方法受人工气候箱的控温控湿条件的局限性,以确保试验过程中种子含水量和温度的稳定性,本文研究在人工气候箱环境材料间开放和密闭的条件下水稻种子含水量随处理时间的变化规律;进而研究密闭常湿条件下处理30 d的不同温度、不同含水量籼粳材料种子发芽率变化。结果表明,与初始含水量范围相比,储藏过程中粳稻材料和籼稻材料的含水量范围,30 ℃＋RH 75%、30 ℃＋RH 85%的开放储藏条件下,分别缩小为原来的31%和24%、26%和25%,而30 ℃＋常湿、34 ℃＋常湿的密闭储藏条件下,则仅分别缩小为原来的94%和81%、90%和87%;38 ℃＋常湿＋30 d、42 ℃＋常湿＋30 d的密闭储藏条件下,初始含水量差异的粳稻和籼稻材料,发芽率差异最高和最低分别为85.0%和7.0%、98.5%和11%;进一步计算种子人工加速老化处理30 d的发芽率下降百分率,38 ℃＋常湿、42 ℃＋常湿的密闭储藏条件,初始含水量14.00%的粳稻材料和籼稻材料,其发芽率下降百分率已分别达到63.31%和88.83%。初步分析获得:38 ℃＋常湿＋初始含水量14.00%＋30 d＋密闭储藏、42 ℃＋常湿＋初始含水量14.00%＋30 d＋密闭储藏分别是粳稻和籼稻人工加速老化试验最适宜的处理条件。本研究为获得稳定的、可重复的人工加速老化新方法提供理论参考。     

小米挤压膨化产品的吸湿特性及其对质构的影响

本文以4种形态的小米挤压样品为材料,研究了各样品的吸湿特性.结果表明,不同样品间的平衡水分差别不大,Oswin方程能够更好地描述平衡水分与相对湿度的关系.通过对水分平衡后各样品的质构特性测定表明,随水分含量升高质构发生硬化,当水分含量达到某临界值时发生软化.随水分含量升高脆性降低,当达到某临界值时脆性明显降低,脆性丧失的临界水分含量比软化发生的临界水分含量要低.不同样品的质构特性不同,发生软化以及脆性丧失的临界水分含量也不同.     

水分对优质稻储藏品质的影响

为改善优质稻储藏入库前含水量,本研究以不同水分梯度(11.5%、12.5%、13.5%、14.5%、15.5%、16.5%)的优质稻为研究对象,通过放入15、20℃进行模拟储藏。研究储藏过程中其整精米率、发芽率、发芽势、脂肪酸值、峰值黏度的变化情况。结果表明:准低温下储藏,含水量为12.5%～14.5%范围内整精米率较好,含水量为14.5%以下,其发芽率、发芽势较好,含水量为12.5%～15.5%都能保证脂肪酸值在较好水平,含水量对稻谷糊化特性影响较显著,含水量较低时峰值黏度较低,含水量升高峰值黏度逐渐升高;准低温以下温度储藏对优质稻整精米率、发芽率、发芽势影响不大,温度越高脂肪酸值、降落数值增加越快,RVA糊化特性受温度影响较大,温度高峰值黏度变化快。     

优质籼稻储藏期间稻米RVA特性研究

对不同储藏条件下优质籼稻的快速黏度分析（rapid viscosity analysis,RVA）特性进行研究。将含水量为13.5%、14.5%和15.5%的优质籼稻两优234试样,分别在15、20、25、30和35 ℃下模拟储藏720 d,每隔60 d利用快速黏度分析仪测定其相应稻米的RVA特征值并进行分析。结果表明:储藏温度、储藏时间和含水量对稻米RVA特征值有非常显著性影响（P<0.01）,其中温度为主要因素。随储藏时间的延长,稻米的峰值黏度和衰减值在储藏前期增加,后期降低。30和35 ℃储藏条件下,稻米的峰值黏度和衰减值在后期明显比其他储藏温度降低更快。最终黏度、回生值、消减值、糊化温度在整个储藏期内增加,高温（30和35 ℃）储藏下的回生值、消减值、糊化温度的变化大于常温、准低温和低温储藏（25、20和15 ℃）,充分反映储藏期稻米食味品质的优劣。随着储藏温度的升高和时间的延长稻米食用品质明显下降,储藏温度超过25 ℃劣变加速,可作为稻谷储藏条件参考依据。     

臭氧处理高水分稻谷储藏的研究

研究了臭氧处理对高水分稻谷品质与微生物量的影响,并根据臭氧处理后稻谷储藏过程中霉变、发芽率与脂肪酸值的变化规律,优化了储藏工艺条件。结果表明:臭氧处理对稻谷感官品质和发芽率没有影响,脂肪酸值略有增加,微生物量明显降低。臭氧处理组稻谷在不同温度储藏,随着时间的延长,与对照相比,霉变时间呈不同程度的延迟,发芽率在同温度时呈基本一致的下降趋势,而脂肪酸值增加,幅度与臭氧处理质量浓度和储藏温度有关,15℃时,呈上升趋势,且臭氧处理质量浓度越高,增加越快,而25、35℃储藏,呈先上升后下降趋势,95 mg/kg臭氧处理的稻谷尤为明显。进一步的SPSS分析表明,稻谷发芽率与储藏温度和时间呈显著的二元线性关系,脂肪酸值与臭氧处理质量浓度、储藏温度和时间呈显著的三元线性关系。因此臭氧处理高水分稻谷储藏优化的工艺条件为臭氧处理质量浓度55 mg/kg,储藏温度15℃,储藏时间60 d。     

小麦粉水分的吸附与解吸特性

在4种温度(10、20、30、40℃)和相对湿度11%～87%的条件下,采用静态平衡称量法测定高、中、低筋小麦粉的吸附与解吸平衡水分,并绘制吸湿等温线,拟合Logistic模型建立吸湿等温线的经验公式。结果表明:在特定温度条件下,高、中、低筋小麦粉的吸湿等温线基本重合,吸湿等温线为"S"型;以中筋小麦粉为实验对象时,得出了以下结论:在等温线图中,10、20、30℃吸湿等温线依次向右下方移动,40℃吸湿等温线与30℃的基本重合;在10、20、30℃条件下,存在吸附滞后现象,温度越低,滞后环越明显。在40℃条件下,未出现滞后现象。建立的吸湿等温线经验公式是有效的。     

孔隙结构和脂肪含量对饼干水分吸附特性的影响

采用动态水分吸附法研究不同孔隙率和脂肪含量的发酵饼干在25℃下的水分吸附动力学特性,基于GAB模型和无限大平板模型确定其等温吸湿曲线和有效水分扩散系数。结果表明:孔隙率对饼干平衡水分含量几乎没有影响,而随着脂肪含量的增加,饼干的平衡水分含量逐渐下降。GAB模型能成功拟合饼干的等温吸湿数据。饼干的有效水分扩散系数随含水量变化先增大而后逐渐减小,有效水分扩散系数在水分含量为10 g/100 g(干基)左右时达到最大值。初始孔隙率87%、76%和68%的最大有效水分扩散系数分别为7.8×10-10m2/s、5.6×10-10和3.4×10-10m2/s,这与水分扩散机理从以气态传输为主向以液态传输为主的转变有关。增加脂肪含量会显著降低水分扩散系数,有效水分扩散系数从最大值5.6×10-10m2/s下降到2.3×10-10m2/s。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press