粉煤灰漂珠/镍-钴-磷磁性复合材料的制备与表征

采用化学镀法制备得到漂珠/Ni-Co-P磁性复合材料.研究了Ni2+和Co2+的摩尔比、NaH2PO2.H2O浓度和pH对镀层成分及镀覆速率的影响,得到漂珠表面化学镀Ni-Co-P合金的最佳工艺为:n(Ni2+):n(C02+)=1:1,NaH2PO2·H2O 0.20 mol/L,pH=9.0.利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、...     

电沉积Fe-36%Ni磁性合金工艺的研究

采用电沉积法制备Fe-36％Ni磁性合金。通过正交实验研究了nFe2 ／nNi2 、电流密度、镀液pH值、镀液温度与合金中铁含量的关系,用极差法分析了各工艺参数对Fe—Ni合金镀层成分的影响,并确定了最佳工艺条件为nFe2 ／nNi2 0.6,镀液pH值3．5,施镀温度65℃,阴极电流密度6A／dm2。实验结果表明,合金镀液中nnFe2 ／nNi2 较大,电流密度增加,pH值升高,均有利于镀层Fe含量的提高：实验所得合金镀层光亮、致密、外观平整,显微结构是层状,镀层中wFe为64．1％,wNi为35．9％,符合Fe-36％Ni合金成分设计要求。     

铁-钨-磷合金电沉积工艺及其性能研究

在含FeSO4·7H2O、Na2WO4·2H2O、NaH2PO2·H2O、Na3C6H5O7·2H2O、C6H8O7·H2O、NH3·H2O和苯亚磺酸钠的碱性镀液中,电沉积得到Fe–W–P三元合金,分析了不同镀液成分时所得镀层的化学组成,讨论了温度、pH、电流密度及NH3·H2O用量对镀层沉积速率和显微硬度的影响。结果表明:除NaH2PO2·H2O外,镀液中其他组分对镀层组成均有显著影响;工艺参数的改变对镀层沉积速率和显微硬度有一定影响,NH3·H2O体积分数对沉积速率的影响尤其显著。电沉积所得Fe–W–P合金镀层具有典型的非晶态结构,其耐蚀性略优于00Cr17Ni14Mo2不锈钢。     

电沉积制备铁-镍因瓦合金的工艺研究

采用硫酸盐镀液体系,在紫铜箔上电沉积制备了Fe-Ni合金镀层,研究了镀液成分(如镀液中添加剂含量.Ni2+/Fe2+浓度比)及主要的沉积工艺参数(包括阴极电流密度、温度和搅拌速率)对镀层表面质量、成分及组织的影响.镀液成分及最佳工艺参数为:0.3 mol/L NiSO4·6H2O,0.08 mol/L FeSO4·7H2O,2g/L糖精,0.35 g/L 1,4-丁炔二醇,电流密度3.7 A/dm2,施镀温度40℃,搅拌速率200 r/min.     

工艺参数对电镀镍铜合金镀层成分及相结构的影响

采用由200 g/L NiSO4·6H2O、10 g/L CuSO4·5H2O、80 g/L Na3C6H5O7·2H2O、0.2 g/L C12H25SO4Na和0.5 g/L糖精钠组成的镀液,在10~60 mA/cm2、pH=2.5~5.0和25~50°C条件下电沉积制备了NiCu合金镀层。探讨了镀液pH、电流密度、温度等工艺参数对镍铜合金镀层相结构和组成的影响。结果表明,NiCu合金镀层的铜含量随电流密度或温度升高而增大。但随pH增大,镀层铜含量降低,pH小于4.0时,NiCu合金镀层中含有单质铜。     

玻璃纤维化学镀Ni-Co-Fe-P合金工艺的研究

在玻璃纤维表面化学镀Ni-Co-Fe-P合金,用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪对其进行了表征.研究了Ni-Co-Fe-P化学镀液中Fe2 /(Ni2 Co2 Fe2 )摩尔比和镀液pH值对化学沉积镀速、镀层成分以及镀层电阻率等影响.镀层在镀态时为非晶结构,镀层Ni61.3Co19.2Fe9.1P10.4的晶化过程为:非晶态→Ni→Ni Ni5P2→Ni Ni3P FeNi3.     

镀液中金属离子浓度比对化学镀Ni-Co-P薄膜的形貌及磁性能的影响

采用化学镀法在硅基底上直接施镀了Ni-Co-P磁性薄膜,通过调整镀液中金属盐浓度比控制镀层中镍、钴含量,优化薄膜软磁性能。采用SEM、EDAX、XRD和VSM研究了镀液中不同的镍、钴浓度比对薄膜形貌、成分、厚度、镀速、结构和磁性能的影响。结果表明：化学镀Ni-Co-P薄膜由瘤状Ni-Co颗粒组成,镀态的Ni-Co-P镀层由非晶相构成。随着镀液中Co²⁺浓度的增加,镀层中Co元素的含量增多,Ni元素的含量降低,但镀层的镀速减缓,当镀液中Co²⁺含量过高时,施镀非常困难,而镀液中金属盐浓度比对镀层中非金属元素P的沉积量影响不大。Ni-Co-P合金薄膜的饱和磁化强度随着镀层中Co元素含量的增加有上升趋势,矫顽力同时呈现下降趋势。当镀液中c(Ni²⁺)∶c(Co²⁺)=2∶3时,制备的Ni-Co-P镀层软磁性能最好,其饱和磁化强度达到820 emu/cc,矫顽力仅为4 Oe。     

脉冲频率对电镀镍–铬合金性能的影响

以Q235钢为基体,采用脉冲电镀方法在三价铬体系镀液中制备了Ni–Cr合金镀层。镀液组成和工艺条件为:CrCl364.6 g/L,NiSO4·6H2O 31.4 g/L,V(二甲基甲酰胺)∶V(水)=1∶1,C6H5Na3O7·2H2O 117.64 g/L,pH 3.0,NaBr 103 g/L,搅拌速率200 r/min,温度55°C,时间40 min。借助带有能谱仪的扫描电镜、电化学工作站、摩擦磨损试验机、维氏硬度计等设备,研究了脉冲频率对镀层微观形貌、耐蚀性能、耐磨性能及显微硬度的影响。结果表明,随脉冲频率增大,Ni–Cr合金镀层的耐蚀性、耐磨性及显微硬度均呈先升高后降低的趋势,较适宜的脉冲频率为1 000 Hz。     

玻璃纤维表面化学镀镍-钴-磷合金

采用化学镀的方法,在碱性镀液中以(NH4)2SO4作为缓冲剂,NaH2PO2作为还原剂,NiSO4和CoSO4为主盐在玻璃纤维表面制备了镍-钴-磷(Ni-Co-P)合金.用扫描电镜、X射线能谱、差示扫描量热法、X射线衍射等分析手段表征镀层的性能.研究发现:三元络合剂显著改善镀液的稳定性和镀层的形貌.综合考虑镀层速率、镀液的稳定性与镀层的电阻率,选择摩尔比n(H2PO2-)/n(Ni2 Co2 )=2～2.5为宜.化学镀Ni-Co-P合金层玻璃纤维的热稳定性好,适宜的工作温度范围为:常温～180 ℃.当镀层中磷的质量分数为8.1%～23.6%时,镀层为典型的非晶结构.化学镀Ni63.2Co16.5P20.3合金的晶化过程为:Ni→Ni Ni5P2→Ni Ni5P2 Ni12P5 Ni3P→Ni Ni12P5 Ni3P.镀层合金为软磁性材料,导电玻璃纤维的磁损耗很小,介电损耗很大,是一种典型的电损耗材料.     

镍铁–立方氮化硼复合电刷镀工艺研究

通过复合电刷镀在20钢基体表面制备镍铁–立方氮化硼(CBN)复合镀层。研究了施镀电压、镀液温度及镀笔速率对复合镀层中CBN含量的影响,分析了镀层中CBN含量与耐磨性之间的关系。复合电刷镀NiFe–CBN的镀液组成和最佳工艺条件为:NiSO4·6H2O 270~300 g/L,FeCl2·2H2O 23~27 g/L,H3BO326~30 g/L,Na3C6H5O7·2H2O 20~30 g/L,糖精2~3 g/L,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵0.2~0.3 g/L,pH 3.2~4.0,电压14 V,温度50°C,镀笔速率15 m/min,时间100~120 min。在最佳工艺下所得镀层的CBN质量分数为9.8%,显微硬度为770 HV,耐磨性和结合力良好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。