牛排食用品质保证关键控制点研究

牛肉的食用品质主要包括嫩度、风味、多汁性,受遗传、宰前管理、宰后处理等因素的影响。本文探讨了嫩度、风味、多汁性在牛排食用品质中的权重,消费者对原料肉剪切力的接受程度,研究了大理石花纹等级对牛排食用品质的影响,以及不同分割部位肉食用品质的差异。结果表明,嫩度、风味、多汁性的权重分别为0.50、0.38、0.12,煎牛排时消费者能接受剪切力低于4.39kg的原料肉;大理石花纹(P<0.01)、不同分割部位(p<0.05)对牛肉的食用品质影响显著。      

腊牛肉加工工艺及关键控制点的研究

对腊牛肉的加工工艺进行研究,确定加工工艺参数,并探讨腊牛肉加工过程中的关键控制点,提高了牛肉深加工的品质。     

酸奶生产过程中的关键控制点及影响酸奶品质的因素

针对酸奶生产过程中存在的问题确定关键控制点，着重论述了影响酸奶品质的因素和控制措施。     

不同形态牛肉食用品质和营养品质分析

以西门塔尔杂交公牛背最长肌为研究对象,进行宰后处理,生产出3种不同形态牛肉:热鲜肉、冷鲜肉、解冻肉,分别测定3种牛肉食用品质和营养品质相应的指标。结果表明:3种不同形态牛肉色泽都呈正常的深红色,差异不显著;p H值正常;热鲜肉剪切力值极显著低于冷鲜肉(P<0.01),解冻肉剪切力值显著低于冷鲜肉(P<0.05),冷鲜肉熟肉率达到73.91%显著高于解冻肉(P<0.05);牛肉经过冻结解冻后加工性能下降,解冻肉失水率极显著低于冷鲜肉和热鲜肉(P<0.01)。营养品质:同一批牛肉水分含量无显著差异,蛋白质含量解冻肉显著低于热鲜肉和冷鲜肉(P<0.05),脂肪含量解冻肉极显著低于热鲜肉和冷鲜肉(P<0.01)。不同牛肉在食用品质和营养品质方面存在一定的差异,但冷鲜牛肉加工性能良好且蛋白、脂肪保存完整。     

炖制牛肉食用品质关键评价指标筛选

为了研究炖制牛肉的食用品质指标的建立方法,采用感官评价对炖制牛肉的特性进行全面的分析。试验以购买的30种炖制牛肉作为样品进行感官剖面分析、M值、主成分分析和相关性分析,对炖制牛肉的食用品质关键评价指标进行筛选。结果表明:利用M值法进行初次筛选,得到颜色、光泽度、形状、肉香气等20个炖制牛肉食用品质关键指标,并通过主成分对初筛选的描述词进行二次筛选,提取6主成分PC1(27.36%)、PC2(21.88%)、PC3(11.07%)、PC4(7.82%)、PC5(6.07%)、PC6(5.68%),分别代表炖制牛肉的外观、气味、风味和质感特征,结合相关性分析从6个主成分中分别筛选出能够全面的评价炖制牛肉食用品质指标,通过相关性分析表明:肉香味、粘附性、嫩度、颜色、易嚼性、可见结缔组织量6个描述词能够准确的描述炖制牛肉的食用品质指标。     

仙草牛肉低温蒸煮火腿食用品质研究

以低温蒸煮牛肉火腿为例,研究添加不同辅料后火腿硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、色泽、感官评分的变化。发现仙草萃取物能辅助卡拉胶、大豆蛋白和土豆淀粉有效提高牛肉火腿品质。响应曲面分析表明：随着仙草萃取物浓度和土豆淀粉添加量的增加火腿感官评定得分先增后减,而随大豆蛋白添加增加而增加且变化渐缓,仙草萃取物影响最大。火腿硬度随着土豆淀粉和大豆蛋白添加量增加显著增加,而随着仙草萃取物浓度增加先增后减。优化配方为：每100 g牛肉,添加仙草浓度为50 mL原萃取物稀释20.6倍,土豆淀粉添加量为5.13 g,大豆蛋白添加量为5.12 g,食盐2.8 g,白糖1 g,抗坏血酸0.04 g,亚硝酸钠0.004 g,TSP焦磷酸钠0.1 g,STP多聚磷酸钠 0.125 g,HM六偏磷酸钠0.075 g,红曲红色素0.003 g,感官评分为8.15,硬度值为3381.10 g,咀嚼度为3373.94。     

性别对沃金黑牛肉食用品质的影响

为研究性别对沃金黑牛肉食用品质的影响,选择30月龄、健康、无病、发育正常的沃金黑牛公牛、母牛和阉公牛各3头,9头试验沃金黑牛的初始体重相近,同一饲养管理,饲养试验结束后屠宰,取同一西冷部位测定肉色、嫩度、加压失水率、离心失水率、滴水损失、蒸煮损失、熟肉率和pH值8个指标.结果表明,沃金黑牛的性别对嫩度、离心损失和蒸煮损...     

关于关键控制点和关键限值的确定

能够施加控制,并且该控制对防止或消除食品安全危害或将其降低到可接受水平所必需的某一步骤就是关键控制点(critical control point,简称CCP),所以可根据控制措施的识别和评价结果确定CCP;根据相关国家标准、法律法规、科研报道、经验等确定的可接受与不可接受的判定值就是与CCP相应的关键限值(critical limit,简称CL).     

鸡屠宰过程中关键控制点的选择

基于HACCP（危害分析和关键控制点）、GMP（良好生产规范）和SSOP（卫生标准操作规程）的思想，对屠宰加工过程中可能影响肉品品质及食品安全的因素进行分析，界定相应的关键控制点（CCP），探索绿色肉食品生产的必要条件。     

面粉生产中的一些关键控制点

针对面粉生产中的一些关键控制点，如一清流量秤的间隔时间、小麦的着水量、入磨小麦纯度、面粉改良剂的添加量、面粉加工精度、进出仓情况和面粉打包前质量控制诸方面进行了分析，并提出了控制办法。     

35克素牛排单片重量控制方案探究

目的探究制定公司畅销产品大豆蛋白类食品35克素牛排的重量控制方案。方法研发人员通过查阅相关资料、采集生产与管理人员的意见、跟踪生产全程等手段获取实验方向,并通过小实验改变工艺条件和生产试验进一步验证工艺条件,探寻出了35克素牛排在生产过程中的重量变化规律、重量不稳定的主要原因及改进措施。结果 35克素牛排的单片重量与产品卤制工序呈影响极显著,与原材料重量、油炸工序差异显著。结论原材料控制在11克以上,油炸时间2分钟,最佳卤制时间10分钟,产品的单片重量合格率提高到90%以上。     

西式方火腿加工中危害分析及关键控制点的研究

介绍了西式方火腿加工全过程中HACCP质量控制体系的建立,研究并讨论了其加工过程中HACCP体系的核心部分-危害分析及关键控制点(CCP),同时也对HACCP体系在食品质量控制方面发挥更有效的作用进行了展望,为我国火腿制品的质量安全控制奠定基础.     

种曲生产的关键点控制

对沪酿3.042米曲霉的菌种质量、制曲设备及环境、制曲过程、种曲保存及人员管理等关键点进行严格、科学控制。结果表明:种曲质量得到有效提高,孢子数达到为59亿/g以上,发芽率为91%以上,杂菌数小于1.0×106个/g。     

鳙鱼鱼块油煎工艺的研究

以鳙鱼鱼块为研究对象,以质构、色差、水分含量、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA)及感官评定为评价指标,研究了腌制液糖浓度、油煎温度及油煎时间对产品品质的影响,并确定了最佳的油煎工艺。结果表明:鳙鱼鱼块最佳腌制液糖浓度为3%,最佳油煎条件为油温180℃左右油煎5min,此条件下得到的产品品质最佳。      

西式火腿切面渗水及其关键控制点的研究

随着人民物质生活水平的不断提升,中国肉类消费发生了明显的结构变化.特别是西式火腿,日益受到人们的青睐.而西式火腿切面渗水问题,严重影响着产品质量.根据多年西式火腿的生产加工经验,结合肉制品基础理论知识,分析了西式火腿切面渗水的影响因素并设定关键控制点.     

Hazard analysis critical control point: A review

Abstract

Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) is a food process control system developed in the early 1970s to ensure the safety of foods for the United States space program. Since the 1970s HACCP has evolved into a recognized means to assure the safety of foods throughout the food industry both within the United States and elsewhere. Based on the principle of prevention rather than detection, HACCP has been extensively and successfully used in the low‐acid canned food industry since the early 1970s. Since that time, HACCP has achieved greater prominence with a refinement of the HACCP principles and the application of HACCP to other processes and products. The purpose of this review is to trace the evolution of HACCP to its present‐day applications in the food industry and discuss its importance for the production of a safer food supply.     

Validation of acid washes as critical control points in hazard analysis and critical control point systems

A 2% lactic acid wash used in a large meat-processing facility was validated as an effective critical control point (CCP) in a hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) plan. We examined the microbial profiles of beef carcasses before the acid wash, beef carcasses immediately after the acid wash, beef carcasses 24 h after the acid wash, beef subprimal cuts from the acid-washed carcasses, and on ground beef made from acid-washed carcasses. Total mesophilic, psychrotrophic, coliforms, generic Escherichia coli, lactic acid bacteria, pseudomonads, and acid-tolerant microorganisms were enumerated on all samples. The presence of Salmonella spp. was also determined. Acid washing significantly reduced all counts except for pseudomonads that were present at very low numbers before acid washing. All other counts continued to stay significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those on pre-acid-washed carcasses throughout all processing steps. Total bacteria, coliforms, and generic E. coli enumerated on ground beef samples were more than 1 log cycle lower than those reported in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Baseline data. This study suggests that acid washes may be effective CCPs in HACCP plans and can significantly reduce the total number of microorganisms present on the carcass and during further processing.     

方便即食鱼排新工艺的研究

以鲢鱼的鱼骨为主要原料,提出了一种新的鱼排加工工艺,对鱼排加工过程中的软化、烘干、油炸、调味料的配方等进行了研究。结果表明,鱼骨软化条件是120℃,15min;鱼骨烘干的条件是60℃,3～4h;鱼骨油炸条件是140℃,3～4min;调味料的配方为:按鱼排重量参考,食盐10%、白砂糖20%、辣椒粉2%。产品营养丰富、风味独特、口感佳。     

Studies to determine the critical control points in pork slaughter hazard analysis and critical control point systems

Aerobic mesophilic counts (AMC), coliform (CC) and coliform resuscitation counts (CRCs) were obtained by swabbing 50 cm² areas at three sites (ham, belly and neck) on pig carcasses, after each of seven stages of the slaughter/dressing process (bleeding, scalding, dehairing, singeing, polishing, evisceration and chilling). In most cases, there were no statistical differences (P>0.05) among the counts derived by these three methods. Reductions in counts at individual sites were observed after scalding (3.5 log₁₀ cfu cm⁻²), and singeing (2.5 log₁₀ cfu cm⁻²). Increases in counts at individual sites were observed after dehairing (2.0 log₁₀ cfu cm⁻²) and polishing (1.5 log₁₀ cfu cm⁻²). The incidence of Salmonella on pig carcasses was also obtained by swabbing the outside surfaces of 100 half carcasses. Information on the incidence of Salmonella in scald tank water (108 samples) was also investigated. Carcass swabs and scald tank water were examined for the presence of Salmonella using standard enrichment methods. Salmonella were detected on 31% of carcasses immediately after bleeding, 7% of carcasses immediately after dehairing and evisceration, and 1% of carcasses immediately after scalding. Serovars included Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Hadar, Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Derby. No Salmonella were recovered from samples of scald tank water. The impact of pig slaughter/dressing processes on carcass microbiology and their potential use as critical control points (CCPs) during pork production are discussed.