基于修正滑移线场模型的倒棱刀具切削力预测

基于材料塑性滑移理论与刀具刃前材料流动状态分析,提出了一种考虑倒棱刀具负前角切削过程下的材料滞流区（死区）和预剪区的修正滑移线场模型,并给出了材料流动剪切应力和刃前切削几何参数的迭代求解方法,揭示了倒棱刃口几何形状与滑移线场几何参数之间的变化规律。将此模型应用于倒棱刀具切削过程,得到了适用于倒棱刀具正交切削力的预测方法。采用有限元仿真和切削试验相结合的方法对所提出的滑移线场模型和切削力预测方法分别进行了验证,模型预测结果与仿真结果和试验测量结果对比误差均在10%以内。研究结果为研究倒棱几何形状对工件材料流动特性和刀具切削性能的影响提供了参考。     

硬质合金可转位刀具刃口切削综合仿真研究

建立了钝圆刃口和倒棱刃口作用下的正交切削力模型,通过该模型反映刃口形状与切削力之间的关系,揭示了切削区工件塑性变形的本质。利用有限元方法研究了硬质合金刀具不同刃口作用下切削力的大小以及切削温度场分布并给出了刀具磨损具体值。此结果为从根本上掌握真实切削特性提供了理论依据并可对刀具刃口形状的设计提供有益的参考。     

Investigation on the bonding strength patterns of ultrasonic vibration tools and influence on working performance during rotary ultrasonic grinding

During rotary ultrasonic grinding process, working performance of ultrasonic vibration tools varies according to the bonding patterns between diamond grit and bond. In order to understand the influence of ultrasonic vibration tools on working performance, bonding patterns and bonding strength of ceramic-bonded, iron-bonded, and bronze-bonded tools were investigated. Influence of bonding strength on cutting force, tool wear, surface quality, and edge breakout were studied, coupled with the characteristics of ultrasonic vibration tools. The results show that cutting force in Z axis and tool wear reduce with the increase of bonding strength while the surface quality and edge breakout become worse.     

无偏心正交车铣理论切削力

为了深入研究无偏心正交车铣加工的切削过程,针对无偏心正交车铣加工变厚度、变深度切削的特点,把切削刃划分为圆周刃和端面刃两部分,分别以其瞬时切削面积为主要研究对象构建了计算各自瞬时切削力的数学模型,并通过数学模型对其瞬时切削力的变化进行了仿真。结果表明,无偏心正交车铣为多参数影响下的变切削力加工,圆周刃、端面刃在切削过程中都发挥重要作用,瞬时切削力的最大值由二者共同决定,但圆周刃上的切削力明显大于端面刃。圆周刃、端面刃几乎同时切入、切出工件,在一次完整的切削过程中圆周刃上的瞬时切削力发生一次突变,端面刃上的瞬时切削力则无突变发生。     

A slip-line approach to the machining with rounded-edge tool

In this paper, a new slip-line model approach for modeling the orthogonal cutting process with rounded-edge tools and its associated hodograph are proposed. This model consists of eight regions, which include a dead region in front of the rake face of tool. Dewhurst and Collins’s matrix technique for numerically solving the slip-line problem is employed in the mathematical formulation of the new model. The experimental results show that a small dead region is seen in front of the rake face of tool during cutting with a rounded-edge cutting tool. The unknown slip-line angle pair was solved depending on the force data obtained experimentally and variation of the subregions with cutting edge radius was determined. Cutting force, thrust force, and dead zone grow as cutting edge radius increases in cutting edge-radiused tools.     

An experimental study on formation mechanisms of edge defects in orthogonal cutting of SiCp/Al composites

In this study, orthogonal cutting of SiCp/Al composites with a polycrystal diamond tool has been carried out. The influences of cutting velocity, cutting depth, and tool rake angle on the cutting force and edge defects near the exit of orthogonal cutting were analyzed in detail. The research results show that the influence of the cutting depth on cutting force is most obvious, and there is a close relationship between the cutting force and the size of edge defects. At the same time, the fractographs indicated that the brittle fracture mode corresponds to the dominant failure mode during machining of SiCp/Al composites with higher volume fraction and larger SiC particle. Therefore, in the precision and super-precision manufacturing of SiCp/Al composites, with a proper tool rake angle, adopting higher cutting velocity and lower cutting depth not only can reduce the cutting force effectively but also can ensure cutting edge quality.     

The tribology of orthogonal finish machining — A review

A review of orthogonal finish machining is presented. The relations be- tween material flow conditions in the three distinct flow regions in metal cutting are examined: the deformation zone governs chip flow, the tool-chip contact zone is responsible for tool wear and the tool base rubbing zone controls workpiece integrity. In orthogonal machining the initial sharp tool cutting edge is of importance regarding the integrity of surface finish although tool edge forces have been the subject of more investigations. Material flow near the tool edge is considered with respect to the author's own model.     

[刀具及切削工艺]典型钛合金TC17车削过程鳞刺生成规律及其抑制措施

为研究钛合金车削过程中鳞刺生成规律及有效抑制措施,分析了影响鳞刺生成的主要因素,采用弯矩法解析了鳞刺折断规律,进而建立了切削参数、刀具几何参数与刀尖弯矩的数学描述模型;通过MATLAB对模型进行求解,获知切削速度对刀尖弯矩的影响最小,而切削深度、进给量、刀尖圆弧以及刀具主偏角4个因素决定了刀尖弯矩的大小。为验证描述模型的正确性,进行了典型钛合金TC17外圆周断续切削实验,采集在恒定切削速度、不同切削深度、不同进给量、不同主偏角及不同刀尖圆弧条件下的鳞刺样本数据,并获得鳞刺折断规律曲线。实验结果表明：在小于临界切削深度和大于临界进给量条件下,实验结果与数学描述模型整体趋势一致,证明了数学描述模型的正确性。研究结果可为钛合金的高品质加工提供工艺技术及刀具优选方面的数据支撑。     

Modelling the cutting forces in micro-end-milling using a hybrid approach

This paper presents the development of a cutting force model for the micro-end-milling processes under various cutting conditions using a hybrid approach. Firstly, a finite element (FE) model of orthogonal micro-cutting with a round cutting edge is developed for medium-carbon steel. A number of finite element analyses (FEA) are performed at different uncut chip thicknesses and velocities. Based on the FEA results, the cutting force coefficients are extracted through a nonlinear algorithm to establish a relationship with the uncut chip thickness and cutting speed. Then, the cutting force coefficients are integrated into a mechanistic cutting force model, which can predict cutting forces under different cutting conditions. In order to account for the cutting edge effect, an effective rake angle is employed for the determination of the cutting force. A comparison of the prediction and experimental measured cutting forces has shown that the developed method provides accurate results.     

考虑热塑性变形的316H不锈钢Johnson-Cook本构参数逆向识别

本构模型能表征材料变形过程中的动态响应,其精度对机械加工中切削力、切削温度的解析预测具有决定性作用.针对316H不锈钢本构模型缺失问题,提出一种基于切削理论的Johnson-Cook本构参数逆向识别方法.通过建立的不等分主剪切区的应力、应变、应变率及温度分布的数学模型,以及准静态压缩试验和正交切削试验的数据,采用粒子群...     

[绿色制造工艺和系统]基于切削比能的高速干切工艺刀具温升调控方法

高速干切中,较高的切削速度和切削液的缺失使得切削热短时间内在刀具上大量聚集,造成刀具磨损并影响使用寿命,解决该问题的有效手段是控制刀具温度升高。通过分析高速干切削加工过程中切削热在刀具中的传递与作用特性,基于切削比能和切屑几何形貌建立高速干切刀具的温升模型,在此基础上以温升最小为目标,以切削速度、进给量、刀具主偏角为变量,提出一种刀具温度调控方法,并结合高速干式车削加工案例进行应用与验证分析。     

微切削加工7050-T7451铝合金的尺度效应研究

通过一系列单因素直角切削试验,对用硬质合金刀具微切削7050-T7451铝合金的尺度效应进行了研究。在试验过程中,对切削力进行了实时测量,并通过计算获得了不同切削深度下的单位切削力。基于试验结果和微加工理论,分析了不同刀具刃口半径微切削尺度效应的特点,总结了刃口半径、切削速度、切削深度等切削参数对微切削过程中尺度效应的影响规律。     

A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF BURR FORMATION IN FACE MILLING OF A CAST ALUMINUM ALLOY

The research discussed in this article focuses on the effects of tool geometry (i.e., rake angle and cutting edge radius) and flank wear upon burr formation in face milling of a cast aluminum alloy. As to tool edge preparation, the use of a tool with variable cutting edge radius was investigated using FEM, and compared for its cutting performance (i.e., burr reduction and tool life) with a conventional tool with uniform cutting edge radius. In order to evaluate 3D face milling through 2D orthogonal cutting simulations, the cross-sections that consist in the cutting speed direction and chip flow direction were selected at different locations along the tool rounded corner. At these cross-sections, the local value of cutting edge radius and their associated tool rake angles as well as the effective uncut chip thickness were determined for 2D cutting simulations. In addition, 3D face milling simulations were conducted to investigate more realistic chip flow and burr generation. Comparisons were made for burrs produced from 3D simulations with a sharp tool, 3D simulations with a worn tool and face milling experiments. Finally, recommendations for cutting tool design are made to reduce burr formation in face milling.     

平前刀面球头铣刀的几何角度分析

分析了平前刀面球头铣刀的几何角度,给出了该铣刀的刀刃参数方程,推导了铣刀法向前角、刃倾角和主偏角计算公式。     

A solid modeler based ball-end milling process simulation

A system for geometric and physical simulation of the ball-end milling process using solid modeling is presented in this paper. A commercially available geometric engine is used to represent the cutting edge, cutter and updated part. The ball-end mill cutter modeled in this study is an insert type ball-end mill and the cutting edge is generated by intersecting an inclined plane with the cutter ball nose. The contact face between cutter and updated part is determined from the solid model of the updated part and cutter solid model. To determine cutting edge engagement for each tool rotational step, the intersections between the cutting edge with boundary of the contact face are determined. The engaged portion of the cutting edge for each tool rotational step is divided into small differential oblique cutting edge segments. Friction, shear angles and shear stresses are identified from orthogonal cutting data base available in the open literature. For each tool rotational position, the cutting force components are calculated by summing up the differential cutting forces. The instantaneous dynamic chip thickness is computed by summing up the rigid chip thickness, the tool deflection and the undulations left from the previous tooth, and then the dynamic cutting forces are obtained. For calculating the ploughing forces, Wu's model is extended to the ball-end milling process [21]. The total forces, including the cutting and ploughing forces, are applied to the structural vibratory model of the system and the dynamic deflections at the tool tip are predicted. The developed system is verified experimentally for various up-hill and down-hill angles.     

基于弹塑性平面应变力学原理的新型直角铣削实验设计

根据弹塑性平面应变力学原理设计了直角铣削实验,研制出专用实验装置,研究了切削力在加工坐标系和测量坐标系之间的数学变换、单位切削力计算以及切削刃尺寸效应等实验内容和细节,总结出了正交铣削实验设计和测试原则。以航空铝合金材料为对象进行直角铣削力测试,通过与切削理论公示计算结果比较验证了直角铣削实验设计的可靠性。将该直角铣削实验在计算切屑与前刀面摩擦系数和验证正交切削有限元模型方面进行了应用。本文设计的直角铣削实验将为深入研究变厚度铣削加工机理和铣削加工建模仿真提供实验技术支持。     

铝合金7050-T7451直角切削表面的残余应力研究

采用单因素直角切削试验,对硬质合金刀具切削铝合金7050-T7451加工过程中形成的已加工表面残余应力进行了研究。使用X射线衍射应力测试技术对残余应力进行测量,得到了不同切削参数对应的残余应力值。通过考虑刃口半径的存在,阐述了已加工表面残余拉应力和压应力的产生机理,同时分析了切削速度、切削深度等参数对残余应力值的影响规律。     

基于切削层形状的动态铣削力试验研究及建模

选取轴向切深、每齿进给量、径向切深和主轴转速为试验因素,采用YDX-Ⅲ9702型压电式铣削测力仪,进行了动态铣削力正交实验。针对立铣刀侧铣加工,研究了单刃铣削的临界条件,为设计试验方案提供了理论依据。结合铣削过程,采用角度积分方法求解铣削力模型,避免了轴向积分的繁琐计算。精确地建立了简捷且适应性强的基于切削层形状的动态铣削力预测模型,模型的仿真结果和试验数据相吻合。     

阶跃式多元变参数振动钻削的动态轴向力、扭矩及加工精度分析

针对叠层复合材料的微小孔加工,提出阶跃式多元变参数振动钻模型。按照双刃针斜角切削理论和单刃正交切削理论,分别把钻头主切削刃和副刃分解成一系列微小双刃动态斜角切削单元,把横刃分解成一系列微小单刃动态正交切削单元,从而建立了振动钻削叠层复合材料7个区段的动态轴向力和扭矩的理论公式,并以入钻定位误差,孔扩量,出口毛刺高度作为钻削过程质量评价指标进行了试验优化分析,结果表明,阶跃式多元变参数振动钻削显著提高了叠层复合材料的微小孔加工精度。