溶剂气浮分离技术进展

论述了溶剂气浮分离技术研究现状,对所涉及的工艺和设备等关键问题进行了重点论述,展望了利用溶剂气浮法分离有机物稀溶液的工业化应用前景及研究重点.     

醋酸稀溶液的络合萃取

络合萃取法对于极性有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性。本文以醋酸稀溶液为分离对象,通过系统的相平衡实验筛选出30 wt％三辛胺(或7301)+20 wt％正辛醇+50 wt％煤油混合溶剂。同时,探讨了叔胺类萃取剂对醋酸萃取的过程机理,研究了混合溶剂萃取稀醋酸工艺的可行性。     

有机羧酸稀溶液的络合萃取研究进展

络合萃取法对于极性有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性。从络合萃取的反应机理、助溶剂及稀释剂的选择、络合萃取的平衡过程及工艺过程对有机羧酸稀溶液络合萃取的研究进展进行了评述。     

协同－络合萃取法及其应用

协同－络合萃取法及其应用葛宜掌（煤炭科学研究总院合肥研究所，２３０００１）随着现代化学工业的发展，往往对有机物稀溶液的分离提出了更高的要求。萃取是分离有机物稀溶液的一种重要方法。随着对萃取机理研究的不断深入，人们相继提出了协同萃取、可逆络合萃取等萃取...     

络合萃取的"摆动效应"及应用

络合萃取法分离极性有机物稀溶液具有高效性和高选择性。负载溶剂的再生是络合萃取过程中的重要步骤,它直接影响分离过程的经济可行性。综述了络合萃取中的“摆动效应”,讨论了利用“摆动效应”的负载溶剂再生过程。     

溶剂气浮法分离富集银杏叶黄酮

以银杏叶浸取液为研究体系,对溶剂气浮法分离富集银杏叶黄酮进行了研究. 考察了气浮溶剂种类、气浮溶剂与料液体积比(Vs/Vi)、表面活性剂种类及浓度、溶液pH、气浮气速和气浮时间对气浮效率的影响. 结果表明,以正辛醇为气浮溶剂、正辛醇与料液体积比1:10、表面活性剂SDBS浓度100 mg/L、料液pH 3.0、气速100 mL/min、气浮时间60 min为最佳操作条件,在此条件下,黄酮类化合物的富集比与回收率分别为5.73和59.76%.     

络合萃取技术及其应用

络合萃取技术对于极性有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性。本文主要从有机羧酸、酚类、有机磺酸类、有机胺类及带有两性官能团的有机物稀溶液几方面介绍了络合萃取技术的研究现状及应用前景。综述了络合萃取过程的特点和研究进展。     

络合萃取分离极性有机物稀溶液的研究进展

络合萃取法分离极性有机物稀溶液具有高效性和高选择性,阐述了对2004年以来,络合萃取技术在萃取Lewis酸、Lewis碱、两性有机物稀溶液、络合萃取动力学及盐效应对络合萃取平衡的影响等方面的研究和应用状况,并对它未来的研究发展方向进行了展望。     

溶剂气浮法分离甲基异丁基酮模拟废水

采用溶剂气浮法对含弱疏水性、有一定挥发性甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)的模拟废水(0.20%, j)进行了分离研究. 考察了气浮时间、氮气(N2)体积流速、油水相体积比、共溶质及表面活性剂等对MIBK溶剂气浮分离效率的影响,获得了各参数的优化结果. 结果表明,当N2流速为40 mL/min、油水相体积比为1:30、氯化钠浓度为0.50%(w)、乙醇浓度为1.0%(j)时,溶剂气浮法对模拟废水中MIBK的分离效率可以达到25%~30%左右,而表面活性剂对提高溶剂气浮分离效率作用非常有限,仅在-10%~5%范围内.     

三烷基胺与二（2-乙基己基）磷酸协同萃取对氨基苯酚

引　言随着现代工业的发展及环境保护标准的严格实施 ,对极性有机物稀溶液的分离和工业废水的治理提出了更高的要求 ,而萃取技术在该领域已进行了较为广泛的研究 ,并进行了工业应用 .由于废水体系的复杂性 ,尤其是含多官能团的极性有机物废水 ,在采用萃取方法进行废水预处理时强化萃取能力是十分必要的 .自 195 6年Blake[1] 提出协同萃取以来 ,由于它兼具物理萃取和化学萃取的优点 ,具有更高的选择性和高效性 ,已成功地用于金属的萃取分离中 .协同萃取用于极性有机物稀溶液的分离多见于物理萃取 ,例如乙酸丁酯与苯乙酮协萃苯酚[2 ] 、乙酸…     

溶剂浮选法在分析化学中的应用进展

溶剂浮选法是一种集富集与分离于一体的分析方法.近些年来,因其具有选择性高、分离效果好、富集倍数大等特点越来越受到关注.综述了溶剂浮选法在分析化学中的应用,主要介绍溶剂浮选法分离痕量金属离子、有机物以及分析中草药成分方面的研究,并对其在现有的应用领域的研究进展进行了探讨.     

Removal of Traces of Pentachlorophenol from Aqueous Acidic Solutions by Solvent Extraction and Solvent Sublation

Abstract

The removal of pentachlorophenol (a hydrophobic compound of low vapor pressure) from aqueous acidic solutions was studied using solvent sublation (a surface chemical technique) and solvent extraction. Both methods gave appreciable removals in highly acidic solutions (pH = 2.5), but solvent sublation had the added advantage of minimal phase contact of the organic solvent with water and increased removals under certain circumstances. Solvent sublation was also found to be more effective than conventional fine bubble aeration. The removal of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was considerably smaller at pH's near the pK_a of PCP. PCP removal by solvent sublation was enhanced by increasing ionic strength and also by the presence of small amounts of an ionic surfactant in the aqueous phase. The technique of solvent sublation was tried on an actual wastewater sample from a wood preserving industry. pH adjustment, removal of suspended solids, addition of sodium chloride, and subsequent solvent sublation into mineral oil reduced the PCP concentration in the aqueous waste by 99.7%.     

非泡沫气泡分离法回收青霉素生产废水中的乙酸丁酯

Two nonfoaming bubble separation techniques, air stripping and solvent sublation, are presented and discussed in order to recover butyl acetate (BA) from discharged wastewater after solvent extraction of penicillin. Results show air stripping is not suitable for the recovery of BA from the wastewater. Axial concentration of BA had a noted maximum point along the column. In contrast, solvent sublation is very effective to recover BA from the wastewater. In solvent sublation experiments, axial concentration of BA along the column first increased and then decreased from the bottom to the top because of two primary mass transport processes. One is the transport by adsorption or attachment to ascending bubbles, and the other is by dispersion at water-solvent interface and by water film in organic solvent layer. In order to elucidate the high removal efficiency in solvent sublation, the microstructure of the wastewater was studied with optic microscope, which was showed to be an emulsion of BA in water at large concentration of BA. Solvent sublation can be successfully used in the removal of BA from its emulsion in the wastewater. The surface tension of simulated solution composed of lysozyme and BA was studied to understand mutual effect of biological materials and BA. Results show that lysozyme affects the adsorption of BA at air-water interface and they may form a complex between BA and lysozyme molecules.     

红景天苷的溶剂浮选

建立了一种测定红景天苷的新方法,即采用溶剂浮选法分离富集红景天苷,用紫外分光光度法测定其含量.考察了浮选溶剂、试液pH、氮气流速、浮选时间及电解质NaC1等因素对浮选效果的影响,优选出最佳浮选条件.采用所述方法对不同前处理样品中红景天苷含量进行测定,样品加标回收率为99.71％～104.21％,RSD为1.6～2.21...     

萃取-电泳萃取复合过程用于回收染料

基于染料不同的油溶性 ,将染料分为油溶性较好和油溶性较差两种 ,针对染料不同的亲油性质 ,选用几种有代表性的染料 ,以正丁醇为萃取剂实验研究了萃取 -电泳萃取方法进行染料分离的可行性。实验结果表明 ,对于水溶性好的染料可用电泳萃取从稀溶液中萃取染料 ,然后用萃取方法进行溶剂再生 ,并使染料浓缩 ;对于油溶性好的染料 ,则可用萃取进行染料的回收 ,而用电泳萃取方法进行溶剂再生。新的工艺流程对于染料的回收利用和控制染料水污染可望达到较好的水平     

Phase Separation in Polymer Solutions under Extension

The results obtained recently by the authors during investigation of the phase behavior of polymer solutions under uniaxial tension are reviewed. The main attention is given to the dilute solutions of unentangled semiflexible macromolecules. The effect of the solution extension rate on the coil–stretched coil transition for semiflexible chains is considered, and stability of the system of stretched coils is analyzed in terms of their segregation followed by formation of the concentrated polymer phase. The spinodal and binodal of the system are determined depending on temperature and extension rate. The kinetics of solution segregation to polymer and solvent, where three stages, namely, (i) spinodal decomposition accompanied by the formation of regions with increased and reduced polymer contents, (ii) formation of the microfibrillar network, and (iii) network collapse yielding separation of the solvent from the polymer phase are identified, is described.     

Studies on the Use of Colloidal Gas Aphrons in Coflotation and Solvent Sublation Processes. a Comparison with the Conventional Technique

Abstract

The application of colloidal gas aphrons (CGA) in coflotation and solvent sublation processes has been studied. The advantages with respect to the results obtained by conventional techniques have been compared. In the solvent sublation of methyl orange with hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HTABr) in 2-octanol, yields higher than 95% are reached in 6–7 min; while in the conventional technique 20 min is necessary to obtain a little lower yield. In the coflotation of Cu with Fe(OH)₃ and HTABr, the separation percentage is higher than 95% in less than a minute in the absence of an induction time, which, on the contrary, amounts to 25 min in the conventional technique.