PSP支持RUP的应用研究

RUP（Rattonal Unified Process）是由Rational软件公司开发和营销的一种软件工程过程,它提供了如何在开发组织中严格分配任务和职责的方法.PSP是软件工程师个体软件过程改进的指导框架,它提供了一些度量标准、操作步骤和模板帮助工程师改进个人的软件工程技巧.在阐述PSP和RUP原理的基础上,探讨以PSP支持RUP,通过个人软件过程的改进,从而提高组织整体的过程改进效果,达到改善软件产品质量、提高软件开发效率的目的.     

The personal software process: a cautionary case study

In 1995, Watts Humphrey introduced the Personal Software Process in his book, A Discipline for Software Engineering (Addison Wesley Longman, Reading, Mass.). Programmers who use the PSP gather measurements related to their own work products and the process by which they were developed, then use these measures to drive changes to their development behavior. The PSP focuses on defect reduction and estimation improvement as the two primary goals of personal process improvement. Through individual collection and analysis of personal data, the PSP shows how individuals can implement empirically guided software process improvement. The full PSP curriculum leads practitioners through a sequence of seven personal processes. The first and most simple PSP process, PSPO, requires that practitioners track time and defect data using a Time Recording Log and Defect Recording Log, then fill out a detailed Project Summary Report. Later processes become more complicated, introducing size and time estimation, scheduling, and quality management practices such as defect density prediction and cost-of-quality analyses. After almost three years of teaching and using the PSP, we have experienced its educational benefits. As researchers, however, we have also uncovered evidence of certain limitations. We believe that awareness of these limitations can help improve appropriate adoption and evaluation of the method by industrial and academic practitioners     

PSP在办公自动化信息平台开发中的研究

PSP是为帮助软件工程师完成出色的工作而设计的,它通过循序渐进的方法帮助软件工作人员度量、分析和改进自身的工作过程,从而提高工作效率,减少工作失误,并最终达到在预定的时间内生产出高质量软件产品的目的。本文描述了PSP的持续改进过程及在软件开发中的作用,给出了PSP的进化框架,分析了PSP与TSP、CMM之间的关系,并针对办公自动化信息平台的开发,说明了其具体实施过程。     

A Replicated Empirical Study of the Impact of the Methods in the PSP on Individual Engineers

The Personal Software Process (PSP) has during the last couple ofyears gained attention as a way to individual improvements insoftware development. The PSP is introduced to students and engineersthrough a course, which introduces a personal software developmentprocess. The personal software development process is improvedin steps during the course and a collection of methods is introducedto support the personal development process. The question is,however, how do these methods influence the performance of anindividual engineer? This question has been studied in a studymade at the Software Engineering Institute, and the study hasshown that the methods in the PSP have a positive effect on theperformance of the individuals. There is however a need to replicatethis study to confirm the findings in other settings and withother individuals. This paper describes a replicationof the study made at the Software Engineering Institute. Boththe original study and this replication are made on data reportedfrom the students taking the PSP course. The differences betweenthe two studies are the programming languages used, which heldthe courses, the class sizes, and the experiences of the students.In summary, the results from this replication confirm the resultsin the original study: Size estimation accuracy gets better,the defect density gets lower, the defects are found earlierand that the pre-compile yield gets better during the PSP course.Basically, the two studies show that the methods in the PSP helpengineers to improve their performance.     

浅析个体软件过程(PSP)

CMM被软件业界公认是当前最好的软件过程，PSP是CMM在软件工程师等级上的应用，是针对个人的软件过程的改进，文章介绍和分析了PSP的基本概念，作用；进化框架等内容，最后给出了PSP和CMM之间的联系。     

Introducing the personal software process

The personal software process (PSP) has been developed by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) to address the improvement needs of individual software engineers. It should also be of help to small projects and modest-sized software organizations. In a one-semester graduate-level course, engineers are introduced to measurement, planning, and quality control methods. A defined sequence of programming exercises are used to illustrate these methods and the exercise data are used to provide the students with feedback on their performance. The PSP course has been taught at five universities at both the graduate and senior undergraduate level. Various PSP introduction methods have also been tried at four industrial organizations, but the course format has also been found most effective. Results to date indicate that PSP training motivates engineers to use disciplined methods and it helps them to achieve significant quality and productivity improvements. While PSP principles have been demonstrated with software engineering students, their effectiveness has not yet been measured in industrial practice. This paper describes the PSP process, the strategic approach and experience to date.This work is supported by the US Department of Defense.     

An experience report on the personal software process

Individual developers can use quality analysis and management techniques that many consider applicable only to projects and organizations. One of the authors, a software practitioner, explains how the personal software process (PSP) gave him the training he needed. The software industry's demand to achieve predictability and consistency in the face of rapid change is significant. The PSP framework helps an individual to meet these demands. Using the PSP has provided the author with several benefits. His estimation accuracy has improved significantly. However, adding more data to his historical database will help further improve his estimating skills. As it is said: “there is no substitute for hard work to be successful”. Similarly, “there is no substitute for more data to improve an individual's personal processes”. The author's current goal is to narrow the percentage error in his estimates to within roughly 5%. He also plans to focus on improving early defect removal through more effective reviews and preventing defects by improving skills and practices     

一种PSP工具的研究和实现

PSP定义了较完整的个体软件过程改进的框架.针对PSP过程数据的采集处理为工程师带来很多额外负担的情况,讨论在Eclipse平台上,自动搜集开发者的过程数据,把数据处理结果呈现给工程师,使开发者能方便地应用PSP过程,显著提高开发者的工作效率和开发质量.     

用PSP塑造合格的软件工程师

本文首先简要介绍了PSP的原理,阐述了如何使学生理解从个体软件开发过程到软件产品工程过程,培养学生从开发简单小程序的实践转向开发大规模软件。然后结合实际的教学环境对教学策略加以详细的说明,并对收集到的学生数据进行总结和分析。     

Using a defined and measured Personal Software Process

Improved software processes lead to improved product quality. The Personal Software Process (PSP) is a framework of techniques to help engineers improve their performance-and that of their organizations-through a step-by-step, disciplined approach to measuring and analyzing their work. This article explains how the PSP is taught and how it applies to different software engineering tasks. The author reports some promising early results     

小组软件过程简介

TSP技术主要用于指导工程组如何更好地进行软件产品开发，实践表明TSP的使用有助于提高效率，保障产品质量，从而晚好地满足成本和进度要求，TSP可以指导小级和管理人员更好地解决软件产品开发中面临的诸多问题，文章主要描述TSP结构，创建以及TSP与PSP，CMM间的关系。     

个体软件过程的研究与实践

个体软件过程(PSP)是当前软件行业的重要技术,给开发者提供了一个进行软件开发的标准化框架.本文在阐述个体软件过程(PSP)原理的基础上,结合软件过程的实施过程,探讨了实施个体软件过程PSP时要注意的问题.     

Accelerating learning from experience: avoiding defects faster

All programmers learn from experience. A few are rather fast at it and learn to avoid repeating mistakes after once or twice. Others are slower and repeat mistakes hundreds of times. Most programmers' behavior falls somewhere in between: They reliably learn from their mistakes, but the process is slow and tedious. The probability of making a structurally similar mistake again decreases slightly during each of some dozen repetitions. Because of this a programmer often takes years to learn a certain rule-positive or negative-about his or her behavior. As a result, programmers might turn to the personal software process (PSP) to help decrease mistakes. We show how to accelerate this process of learning from mistakes for an individual programmer, no matter whether learning is currently fast, slow, or very slow, through defect logging and defect data analysis (DLDA) techniques     

Assessing the value of brief automated biographies

New systems have been introduced that support the visualisation and sharing of personal digital data, but relatively little work has been done to establish how such systems support reminiscence and personal reflection. In this paper, we explore Intel’s Museum of Me, a tool that collates and presents Facebook data in the form of a virtual museum, by asking how such an automated biography might support personal reflection and a process of life review. We supported users in their creation of personal virtual museums and interviewed them about their experiences, using a theoretical framework that highlighted the importance of personal narratives and life review in identity formation and psychological well-being. Our participants enjoyed the experience and welcomed the opportunity for reminiscence, but considered their resulting videos to be rather shallow representations of self, reflective of some of the more trivial exchanges and relationships that can come to dominate social media. We argue that social media in its current form is not well suited to support a meaningful life-review process.     

事务级形式验证技术及8051验证模型

提出一种基于事务的用于电路系统的形式验证方法(TBFV)．应用该方法，验证工程师可以在行为级对系统进行验证，无需了解设计的细节．为了对该方法进行示范，验证了8051的RTL级实现，并给出了8051指令集的TBFV模型．     

An experiment measuring the effects of personal software process(PSP) training

The personal software process is a process improvement methodology aimed at individual software engineers. It claims to improve software quality (in particular defect content), effort estimation capability, and process adaptation and improvement capabilities. We have tested some of these claims in an experiment comparing the performance of participants who had just previously received a PSP course to a different group of participants who had received other technical training instead. Each participant of both groups performed the same task. We found the following positive effects: the PSP group estimated their productivity (though not their effort) more accurately, made fewer trivial mistakes, and their programs performed more careful error-checking; further, the performance variability was smaller in the PSP group in various respects. However, the improvements are smaller than the PSP proponents usually assume, possibly due to the low actual usage of PSP techniques in the PSP group. We conjecture that PSP training alone does not automatically realize the PSP's potential benefits (as seen in some industrial PSP success stories) when programmers are left alone with motivating themselves to actually use the PSP techniques     

基于PSP/TSP的软件过程改进框架

提出在现有的辅助软件过程改进的支撑工具中加入个人级和团队级的软件过程管理及改进的方法,即提出基于PSP/TSP的软件过程改进框架,以期在软件组织中进一步完善软件过程改进作用。在个体过程方面,实现了个体过程计划制定、过程度量数据采集、过程数据分析和估算等功能;同时在团队过程方面,实现了量化的项目进度控制和质量控制。     

Design recovery for maintenance and reuse

Software maintenance and harvesting reusable components from software both require that an analyst reconstruct the software's design. Design recovery recreates design abstractions from a combination of code, existing design documentation (if available), personal experience and general knowledge about problem and application domains. The author shows how to extend the automated assistance available to the software engineer for this process. He explains the concept of design recovery, proposes an architecture to implement the concept, illustrates how the architecture operates, describes progress toward implementing it, and compares this work with other similar work such as reverse engineering and program understanding. Much of the discussion is based on a model-based design recovery system called Desire     

The successful diffusion of innovations: guidance for softwaredevelopment organizations

Using the personal software process (PSP) as an example of an innovative information technology, the authors performed a field study of developers using the PSP approach on software development projects in industry. Their analysis of the results offers practical guidance on how software development organizations should support the diffusion of innovations into successful practice     

基于PSP的个人过程改进策略

在对软件能力成熟度模型CMM和个人软件过程PSP进行研究和比较的基础上，对日常工作中个人软件过程改进的方法进行研究；并以PSP方法为指导思想，重点从计划、需求、编码、测试、保持持续性几个角度提出了更有助于实践过程改进的具体执行方法。