新疆野生啤酒花总黄酮含量的比较研究

以新疆8个居群的野生啤酒花为样品,通过正交试验确定热水浸提、水-醇浸提、超声辅助提取黄酮的条件,并比较3种不同方法的提取效率.结果表明,超声提取方法在最优提取条件下提取率高于其他两种.选用超声辅助提取酒花样品的总黄酮,分析比较不同居群的总黄酮含量及其差异表现,为新疆野生啤酒花黄酮类化合物含量特征差异和不同居群种质资源价值的评估提供有益基础资料.     

新疆野生啤酒花α-酸和β-酸含量的比较研究

采集了新疆野生啤酒花8个居群的酒花样品,用紫外分光光度法测定其α-酸和β-酸的含量.分析比较不同居群的α-酸和β-酸含量及其差异表现,结果表明,α-酸含量最高的居群是阿勒泰地区布尔津县冲乎尔乡,为2.635%:β-酸含量最高的是阿勒泰地区哈巴河县(185团),为2.590%.     

新疆野生啤酒花多酚类物质提取与含量比较

通过正交试验确定超声波辅助提取多酚的最佳工艺条件,按最优提取条件对新疆野生啤酒花的9个居群样品进行测定。分析比较不同居群的多酚含量及其差异表现,结果表明不同居群的含量差异极显著,含量最高的伊犁地区新源县阿勒马勒乡值为40.17mg/g,而最低的伊犁地区霍城县大西沟乡值为26.37mg/g。     

新疆野生啤酒花的分析评价

采用顶空固相微萃取的方法分析了一个新疆野生啤酒花品种的总树脂、软树脂、硬树脂、α-酸、β-酸和啤酒花多酚等成分,同时与几个国内栽培的啤酒花品种的风味成分进行了比较。结果表明,该野生啤酒花品种的α-酸含量相对较低(4.87%w/w),β-酸含量为5.41%(w/w),合葎草酮所占比例、β-香叶烯和β-石竹烯的含量与栽培品种的啤酒花相当;而α-葎草烯含量低,仅为2.83%(w/w)。蛇床烯、桉叶二烯和L-芳樟醇的含量相对较高,分别占到总峰面积的12.48%(w/w),8.42%(w/w)和2.92%(w/w)。从啤酒花挥发性成分的总量看,萜烯类化合物和含氧化合物的比例基本相同,但组分中缺乏含硫化合物。     

啤酒花多糖提取工艺研究及含量的测定

经液态CO2萃取,再经乙醇洗脱的啤酒花萃余物为原料(品种为马可波罗),进行总多糖和分级醇沉多糖的提取率和含量的研究.啤酒花中总多糖和提取率随着乙醇浓度的增加均逐渐上升,当乙醇浓度达到80%vol以上时,多糖的提取率和多糖含量均达到最大,分别为9.24%和2.407%.对啤酒花多糖采用分级醇沉初步分离的结果表明,50%vol、60%vol的乙醇浓度对多糖提取率和含量均较高,分别为2.49%、2.42%和0.573%、0.713%;其中,在70%vol乙醇浓度时分级醇沉得到的粗提物的含量已接近50%.     

新疆啤酒花重要品种的一个新唾骂的成分分析及品质评价

对新疆啤酒中最重要的３个品种（青岛大花、麒麟丰绿,余乐比特）及一个 品种经－１进行了化学成分腋地存性能研究,同时与国外引种的３个优良品种（马可波罗、努革特性及札一）进行比较。结果表明：新疆的青岛大花、麒麟丰绿是α－酸含量中的低的苦型花,合Ｌｕ草酮都占总α－酸的４０％以上,酿造品质一般;余乐比特和新品种阜弱－１是香型花,合草酮分别占总α－酝的２２．７０％和３０．７３％,酿造品质较佳,酒花油有香型花特     

新疆野生羊肚菌研究现状及展望

羊肚菌是一种大型真菌,风味独特,具有较高的营养和药用价值,是世界公认的一类珍稀食药用真菌.新疆特殊的地形和气候条件造就了丰富的野生羊肚菌资源.通过对新疆野生羊肚菌资源的分布、营养成分及人工栽培等方面的研究现状进行详细分析,提出新疆野生羊肚菌研究中存在的问题,并展望了将来的发展趋势,为新疆野生羊肚菌资源可持续开发利用提供参考.     

蛋白质组分分析方法比较研究

采用蛋白质连续累进提取法与组分快速提取法测定了21个小麦面粉样品的蛋白质组分，以比较两种蛋白质组分分析方法的特点。连续累进提取法将小麦蛋白质分离成清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白；快速提取法将小麦蛋白质分离成单体蛋白、可溶性谷蛋白和不溶性谷蛋白。结果表明：单体蛋白与清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白含量及清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白之和均无关系；可溶性谷蛋白含量与清蛋白、弱化度呈负相关，与醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白、沉淀值呈极显著或显著正相关；不溶性谷蛋白与醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白、沉淀值、稳定时间、评价值、弱化度呈极显著或显著相关。连续累进提取法适合于小麦品质常规检测，快速提取法适用于小麦早代材料品质检测。两种方法对于预测小麦的加工品质有着相同的重要作用，应根据样品量及检测精度进行选择。     

新疆啤酒花重要品种和一个新品种的成分分析及品质评价

对新疆啤酒花中最重要的 3个品种 (青岛大花、麒麟丰绿、余乐比特 )及一个新培育的品种阜北 -1进行了化学成分及储存性能研究 ,同时与国外引种的 3个优良品种 (马可波罗、努革特及札一 )进行比较。结果表明 :新疆的青岛大花、麒麟丰绿是 α-酸含量中低的苦型花 ,合草酮都占总α-酸的 4 0 %以上 ,酿造品质一般 ;余乐比特和新品种阜北 -1是香型花 ,合草酮分别占总 α-酸的 2 2 .70 %和 3 0 .73 % ,酿造品质较佳 ,酒花油有香型花特点 ;引种的马可波罗和努革特是高α-酸的苦型花 ,札一是香型花 ,它们都保持了原花的优良性能 ;上述 7种啤酒花储存 1 0 0 d后 ,α-酸损失在 8%～ 1 4% ,故不宜久放 ,应尽快加工。     

THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING ANALYSIS COMMITTEE ESTIMATION OF THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF HOPS

The method recommended for estimating the moisture content of hops is drying in a boiling water oven for 1 1/2 hr.     

EFFECT OF OIL CONTENT ON THE LOSS OF ALPHA-ACID FROM HOPS DURING STORAGE

Examination of a wide range of hop varieties showed that the percentage loss of α-acid in storage was related to the essential oil content of the samples. Seedless hops, having higher oil contents, lost more α-acid than seeded hops of the same variety. The variety Bullion grown for isomerized extract manufacture should be picked 7–10 days earlier than normal to minimize loss of α-acid before processing.     

PAPER STRIP ANALYSIS OF SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM HOPS

Reasonably satisfactory methods exist for the analysis of α acids in hops. The analysis of iso α acids in beer is not so well developed. The same determinations for hop extracts and isomerized hop extracts are much more difficult. A new method for these determinations is now described. It is based on a chromatographic technique using buffered paper strips and is applicable not only to hop extracts, isomerized or not, but also to hops and to beer. The percentage of α acids and iso α acids can be determined in one analysis. Eventually the determination of humulinic aci ds β acids and hulupones will also be possible. After separating these substances from one another their amounts are determined spectrophotometrically. The method is very fast and is more accurate than any other known method.     

ANALYSIS OF HOPS OF THE 1987 CROP

Analytical values for α-acid content, as measured by lead conductance value, of twelve varieties of hops from the 1987 crop are presented in relation to the district of production. Satisfactory variabilities have been achieved by Fuggle, Progress, Bramling Cross, Northern Brewer, Zenith, Wye Challenger and Omega. Wye Northdown has increased in variability, reaching the upper limit of acceptability despite an increase in sampling rate. Goldings, W.G.V. and Wye Target have continued to show higher than normal variabilities. This year Yeoman has moved in variability above the acceptable limit. The sampling rates have been considered and in view of the unusual growing conditions experienced with the 1987 crop, with hop yields considerably reduced and α-acids increased to very high levels, no changes have been recommended.     

ANALYSIS OF HOPS OF THE 1985 CROP

Analytical values for α-acid content of twelve varieties of hops from the 1985 crop are presented in relation to the district of production. With the exception of the varieties Zenith, Wye Target and Yeoman, the variability of the crop gave a similar trend to that of previous years. The sampling rates have been considered and increases in the rates for Wye Target and Yeoman have been recommended.     

ANALYSIS OF HOPS OF THE 1986 CROP

Analytical values for α-acid content of twelve varieties of hops from the 1986 crop are presented in relation to the district of production. The variabilities of Wye Northdown, Zenith and Wye Challenger follow similar trends to those of previous years, while Northern Brewer has continued to show a reduction in variability. Following the increase in sampling rate, Yeoman has reverted to an acceptable level of variation. Fuggle, Progress and Bramling Cross have increased their variabilities but remain within acceptable limits. The variabilities of Goldings, W.G.V. and Wye Target, despite the increase in sampling rate of the latter, have attained higher than normal levels. The sampling rates have been considered and in view of the adverse growing conditions encountered with the 1986 crop, no changes have been recommended.     

INSTITUTE OF BREWING HOPS ADVISORY COMMITTEE ANALYSIS OF HOPS OF THE 1970 CROP

Analytical results for 6 varieties of hops from the 1970 crop are presented in relation to the district of production. It was found that values sufficient for commercial and industrial purposes can be obtained by sampling Bramling Cross at the rate of 1 sample from each 20 pockets and other varieties at 1 in 10.     

INSTITUTE OF BREWING HOPS ADVISORY COMMITTEE ANALYSIS OF HOPS OF THE 1973 CROP

Analytical values for 15 varieties of hops from the 1973 crop are presented in relation to the district of production. For most of these varieties the variation within growths was a little higher than in the 1972 crop. Nevertheless the results are quite acceptable for commercial purposes.     

INSTITUTE OF BREWING HOPS ADVISORY GOMMITEE ANALYSIS OF HOPS OF THE 1971 CROP

Analytical values for 10 varieties of hops from the 1971 crop are presented in relation to the district of production. Where comparisons can be made it is seen that variation within growths is less than in previous seasons. It was found that for Whitbread Golding Variety a sampling rate of 1 in 10 would be acceptable for commercial purposes.     

INSTITUTE OF BREWING HOPS ADVISORY COMMITTEE ANALYSIS OF HOPS OF THE 1972 CROP

Analytical values for 14 varieties of hops from the 1972 crop are presented in relation to the district of production. The tendency noted in 1971 for the variation within growths to diminish was continued in 1972. It was found that for Keyworth's Mid-season a sampling rate of 1 in 20 would be acceptable for commercial purposes.