虚拟现实对象的动态行为控制研究

虚拟现实中对象动态行为控制是虚拟现实技术研究的重要内容。分析了虚拟场景对象的控制方法,研究了基于Java程序和VRML语言的核心交互技术。利用EAI实现从虚拟场景中获得对象的位置坐标、得到对象参数信息、向对象发送控制参数、控制对象动态行为等功能。     

基于数字化模型的三维在线客户化产品订购系统

提出了建立三维数字化电子商务网站的构想与实现方案,该系统采用B/S模式,从CAD得到VRML模型。通过EAI接口与VRML浏览器的交互实现客户化,通过JavaRMI实现前台与服务器的通信,并且采用JDBC来操纵后台数据库,文中开发了一个沙滩车定制的原型系统,顾客可以根据自己的个性需求配置颜色。样式等,并能实时地看到产品的三维效果。与传统的电子商务模式相比,该系统增强了产品的个性化色彩,提高了与客户之间的交互能力,丰富了现有电子商务网站的形式与内涵。     

Delphi网络语音通信

讨论了网络中语音通信的原理,归纳了设计的方法,给出了基于Delphi的程序设计过程。     

基于VRML的三维家居设计的探究

虚拟现实建模语言VRML是一种三维图形描述语言,同时也是一种在Internet上传输VR图像的规范格式。该文主要介绍了VRML的原理、节点及相关知识,简明阐述了虚拟家居设计的简单思想。     

基于VRML97的虚拟现实技术在现代测控系统中的应用研究

归纳了当前在科研和应用领域中的热门课题———虚拟现实技术的含义、“3I”特征及应用形式。提出了虚拟现实技术在现代测控系统中应用研究的实现框架。在此基础上着重讨论了虚拟现实的VRML97的实现。最后进一步展望了该技术在测控领域的发展前景。     

Soft Object Modelling with Generalised ChainMail — Extending the Boundaries of Web-based Graphics

Soft object modelling is crucial in providing realistic simulation of many surgical procedures. High accuracy is achievable using the Finite Element Method (FEM), but significant computational power is required. We are interested in providing Web‐based surgical training simulation where such computational power is not available, but in return lower accuracy is often sufficient. A useful alternative to FEM is the 3D ChainMail algorithm that models elements linked in a regular, rectangular mesh, mimicking the behaviour of chainmail armour. An important aspect is the ability to make topology changes for example by cutting — an aspect that FEM finds difficult. Our contribution is to extend the 3D ChainMail technique to arbitrary grids in 2D and 3D. This extends the range of applications that can be addressed by the ChainMail approach, to include surfaces and volumes defined on triangular and tetrahedral meshes. We have successfully deployed the algorithm in a Web‐based environment, using VRML and Java linked through the External Authoring Interface. ACM CSS: I.3.5 Computer graphics: Computional Geometry and Object Modelling, I.3.2 Computer Graphics: Graphics Systems, J.3 Life and Medical Sciences     

Virtual reality for collaborative e-learning

In the past, the term e-learning referred to any method of learning that used electronic delivery methods. With the advent of the Internet however, e-learning has evolved and the term is now most commonly used to refer to online courses. A multitude of systems are now available to manage and deliver learning content online. While these have proved popular, they are often single-user learning environments which provide little in the way of interaction or stimulation for the student. As the concept of lifelong learning now becomes a reality and thus more and more people are partaking in online courses, researchers are constantly exploring innovative techniques to motivate online students and enhance the e-learning experience. This article presents our research in this area and the resulting development of CLEV-R, a Collaborative Learning Environment with Virtual Reality. This web-based system uses Virtual Reality (VR) and multimedia and provides communication tools to support collaboration among students. In this article, we describe the features of CLEV-R, its adaptation for mobile devices and present the findings from an initial evaluation.     

RCVL系统中的虚拟现实技术

虚拟现实是９０年代发展起来的新技术。详细讨论了利用虚拟现实开发ＲＣＶＬ系统的关键技术,包括系统设计目标,系统功能划分,ＶＲＭＬ场景的设计以及外部控制技术。     

VRML数据模型的三维可视化研究

为了把虚拟现实技术应用到三维地理信息系统-3DGIS软件中，本在分析虚拟现实建模语言(Virtual Reality Modeling Language)数据结构的基础上，采用面向对象的方法创建VRML结构类，并借助OpenGL在3DGIS软件开发中实现了VRML数据模型的读取和三维可视化，以及漫游路线回放等交互操作功能。     

虚拟演播室系统的设计与实现

本文以虚拟现实系统组成要素为基础,分析了设计虚拟场景的方法,并结合应用实例提出了一种基于VRML的虚拟演播室系统的实现方案。     

Using Java to interact with geo-referenced VRML within a virtual field course

Virtual reality technology is providing earth scientists and cartographers with new, exciting and interactive ways to model the world and real-life phenomena. The Virtual Field Course (VFC) is developing software to enable students to experience fieldwork environments through multimedia, including virtual reality. The VFC aims to exploit the interactive nature of VR to enhance fieldwork teaching and learning.During preliminary development of a spatial interface for a Virtual Field Course geo-referenced multimedia database, a two-dimensional Java interface has been designed to provide information and interaction with three-dimensional VRML terrain models. During this process both the scope and the constraints of geo-referenced VRML have been examined. Recommendations about geo-referencing VRML models, terrain construction and Java interfacing are made and potentially useful areas for future development are identified.     

VRML testing: making VRML worlds look the same everywhere

NIST tools address problems posed by testing 3D graphics. The article explains the test development strategy and design issues in developing and delivering these testing tools. In 1996, NIST staff met with interested members of the VRML community to discuss various approaches to testing the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) specification. The standard defines requirements for creating VRML worlds, tools that generate VRML worlds (authoring tools), and tools that interpret and properly render VRML worlds (browsers). It was agreed that VRML worlds, whether generated by hand or through an authoring tool, must be fully compliant with the standard. Furthermore, they must be viewable and reasonably similar in a variety of VRML browsers, regardless of the underlying hardware and software platforms. Consequently, NIST developed metrology tools to support testing VRML content, authoring tools, and browsers. VRML content and the associated authoring tools are tested using a locally developed reference parser, Viper. VRML browsers are tested using a test suite of conformant files, called the VRML Test Suite (VTS). The VTS tests the VRML built-in nodes, VRML extensible components, and base execution model. Finally, the true dynamic nature of VRML is tested using automatic test generation techniques built through extension of the Viper source code. We also address using the Web as a vehicle for delivering these metrology tools     

Internetworked graphics and the Web

Although the networking and computer graphics fields are considered to be distinct disciplines, they must begin to converge in order to support collaborative exploration and information visualization on the Internet and the World Wide Web. Telecommunication breakthroughs remove bottlenecks and provide new opportunities for interactive 3D graphics across globally interconnected, dissimilar networks. Multicast backbone tools, developed in the networking arena, provide desktop videoconferencing tools for sharing information visualization and virtual reality explorations. The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), developed in the computer graphics arena, supports the 3D display and fly-through of networked computing resources on the Internet. The computer graphics community considers VRML to be an interactive tool for exploring content on the Web. The telecommunications community calls it an application on the networking infrastructure. The authors define the concept of internetworked graphics to describe the future merger and dependencies of computer graphics applications and the telecommunications networking infrastructure     

Alice: rapid prototyping for virtual reality

Virtual reality has sparked many people's imaginations, but writing VR programs remains difficult. Besides the obvious problems of managing arcane I/O devices (trackers, gloves, and so on), the programs must allow the participant to operate effectively in the immersive environment. Virtual environments present a new medium for both the participant and the programmer/author. In the University of Virginia's User Interface Group, we believe the best way to accelerate development in a new medium such as VR is to provide tools that allow people without highly technical backgrounds to create programs for it. These novice authors must be able to quickly try different nuances of an idea. They must be able to easily ask “what if” questions. To support this goal, we are developing Alice, a rapid prototyping environment that can generate VR environments. The name “Alice” honors Lewis Carroll's heroine, who explored a rapidly changing, dynamic environment     

因特网中虚拟动物的三维动画设计

针对因特网环境采用虚拟实境造型语言（VRML）对虚拟动物进行三维设计,使其可以进行眨眼和“说话”等拟人动画。结果表明：合理的设计可以在因特网上逼真而有效地展现虚拟动物的三维动画。     

VRML生成网络虚拟环境技术研究

虚拟现实建模语言（VRML）是虚拟现实技术与网络技术的融合，它已成为Internet三维虚拟世界的主要开发工具。文中深入分析了VRML创建网络虚拟环境的基本方法，并针对常规方法存在的不足，提出了改进意见。     

Towards a narrative theory of virtual reality

Virtual Reality (VR), by its nature and characteristics, is of specific interest to the AI community, particularly in the domains of Storytelling and Intelligent Characters. We argue that VR must be considered a particular narrative medium alongside Theatre, Literature or Cinema. This paper reviews relevant work in narrative theory from Plato onwards, including the work and theories of literary critics [1], cinema critics [2–4] and theatrical dramaturges [5], and analyses the specific characteristics of VR relevant to this theory. Less studied media such as Live Role Playing Games, improvisational drama and participatory drama are also considered. Finally, this document argues for a participatoryprocess-oriented narrative, with particular attention to the specificities and particularities of stories and their possible representation, adapted to the narrative medium Virtual Reality.     

A multiuser 3D Web browsing system

The Virtual Realty Modeling Language sets an open-standard file format for designing 3D multimedia and shared virtual worlds on the Internet. VRML was originally designed to support the interaction of multiple participants in the World Wide Web environment, that is, to network virtual worlds via hyperlinks. The development of VRML has spurred broad research on distributed multiuser VR systems. We describe SharedWeb, a 3D Web browsing system that was designed and implemented to support interaction among clients in the existing Web environment. We begin by describing the methodologies and mechanisms used to achieve seamless integration with the Web environment, then we summarize the SharedWeb system implementation. We present some experimental results that show the effects of different frame rates and threshold values on system performance, and conclude with discussions of two virtual worlds currently supported by the system     

基于虚拟模型的辅助教学软件设计

阐述了一种制作助教式辅助教学软件的方法,将基于VRML构建的实时交互虚拟模型嵌入PowerPoint幻灯片中,将文本内容、二维图形动画及实时交互虚拟模型有机地结合在一起,以“工程图学虚拟模型辅助教学软件”为例,详述了实时交互虚拟模型及其与PowerPoint幻灯片相融合的设计方法和制作技巧。