多层阻燃织物整体热防护性能初探

研究了消防服用多层阻燃织物复合系统的整体热防护性及外层织物的阻燃性。将阻燃织物国产间位芳纶、杜邦NomexⅢ和芳纶3A面料与国产间位芳纶毡和阻燃棉布组合,模拟构成消防服的多层织物结构,通过垂直燃烧实验测试分析了阻燃外层织物的阻燃性能,通过热辐射和热对流综合热防护性能(TPP)实验测试分析了多层复合织物的整体热防护性能。实验结果表明:整体热防护性能最好的是国产间位芳纶织物、面密度200 g/m2的芳纶毡和阻燃棉布的组合,但最适宜用于消防服的是NomexⅢ织物、面密度200 g/m2的芳纶毡和阻燃棉布。     

消防服用棉型阻燃织物的风格测试与分析

选择了棉锦阻燃面料、阻燃防撕裂棉面料和阻燃帆布层压聚四氟乙烯膜,得到了3种覆膜面料作为消防服外层及防水透气层,全棉阻燃防静电面料、全棉阻燃面料、全棉防静电面料3种无覆膜面料作为消防服舒适层,应用KES-FB织物风格仪进行低应力下的力学性能测试,评价其织物风格。结果表明:作为消防服中的外层,覆膜阻燃帆布的织物风格为3种覆膜面料中的最佳面料;在无覆膜面料中,全棉防静电面料服用性能最佳。建议选取阻燃性能较好的材料作为外层及隔热层,如聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维所制成的织物作为外层,芳纶1313作隔热层,选用全棉防静电面料作为内层以提高穿着舒适度。     

三层消防服如何兼顾防护性能和舒适性能?

<正>北京邦维普泰防护纺织有限公司近几年推出的3层消防服面料组合得到了市场的高度认可。传统的4层消防服面料包括阻燃外层、防水透气层、隔热层和舒适层,其中隔热层主要为芳纶针刺或水刺非织造布,它因结构蓬松能够起到很好的隔热效果,但易吸水、湿重大,使消防员负重增大,甚至产生热应激反应,     

甲纶消防员灭火防护服热防护性能研究

采用符合XF 10—2014《消防员灭火防护服》标准的甲纶四层面料与芳纶四层面料,测试其组合的热防护系数(TPP值);用同样的面料制作灭火防护服,并通过假人燃烧实验对比甲纶灭火防护服与芳纶灭火防护服的整体热防护性能.结果表明:甲纶防护服热防护系数不及芳纶灭火防护服,但整体热防护性能远超现行芳纶灭火防护服,甲纶灭火防护服...     

阻燃耐高温芳纶面料的研究与开发

为解决芳纶1313易收缩、耐高温性不足的问题，以芳纶1313/芳纶1414/金属纤维为原料，通过对纤维配伍、纱支与经纬密的研究，开发了一款具有良好热稳定性的芳纶高性能永久阻燃功能性面料，并对其相关性能指标进行测试表征。结果表明：芳纶1414的加入在织物中形成纤维骨架，使面料在高温下不易收缩及脆裂；所开发的芳纶阻燃面料性能指标符合国家强制标准GB 8965.1—2020要求，表明其具有高强度抗撕裂性、良好的热防护性与优异的永久阻燃性等一系列特点，可以为石化、冶金等特殊领域作业人员提供全面、永久的安全防护。     

芳砜纶火灾防护用品的阻燃性及热防护性

对芳砜纶和芳纶织物进行了阻燃性、热防护性、燃烧假人测试,并测试了芳砜纶荧光产品的阻燃性能,结果表明:在综合热防护性能上芳砜纶应用于火灾防护用品有一定的优势,荧光色的成功应用是本质阻燃材料独有的特色。     

工程防护用轻质复合板的研制

讨论以芳纶纤维织物、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物、高强玻璃纤维织物为增强材料制成的不同材质的工程防护用轻质复合板的抗破片(模拟弹)性能。研制了质轻、阻燃、高强、安装使用方便、抗玻片性能良好并兼有防核辐射功能的复合板。     

最新专利

将50％～90％的芳纶1313纤维、5％-20％的碳纤维及0～30％的阻燃粘胶纤维组合而成的非织造纤维毡浸入制得的阻燃相变燃微胶囊工作液中,经二浸二轧工艺获得阻燃且调温的消防服用相变隔热层织物。所制备的相变整理液含5％～10％的粘合剂、5％-10％的交联型阻燃剂、1％-5％的增稠剂、1％～5％的织物柔软剂。相变整理后的隔热层织物明显提高了消防服装的热防护性,所制备的纤维毡织物除应用于消灭火作业外,还可广泛应用于冶金、石油、钢铁化工以及部队作战服等不同行业和领域的个体防护装备。     

磷-氮改性水性聚氨酯在涤纶织物上的阻燃研究

以N,N-双(2-羟甲基)氨基乙基膦酸二甲酯与甲苯二异氰酸酯反应合成出磷-氮阻燃水性聚氨酯,应用于涤纶织物上,考察了其阻燃性能、耐水洗性能、热失重等性能,并用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对阻燃处理的涤纶织物燃烧后的炭层进行分析.结果表明;与未阻燃整理的涤纶织物相比,阻燃整理的涤纶织物的极限氧指数(LOI)值提高了5.7％,垂直燃烧性能达到GB/T5455-1997 B1级,燃烧后布面干净,并具有良好的耐水洗性能.涤纶织物燃烧后表面形成致密、光滑、无孔洞的炭层,炭层中磷含量远远超过阻燃织物中原始含量,磷富集于炭层表面.阻燃整理织物的热失重曲线上快速热解阶段缩短,最大分解速率减小了32.7％.     

充气式再入减速系统柔性热防护材料的设计及性能研究

针对充气式再入减速系统再入返回地球过程的热防护需求,在陶瓷纤维布和高强芳纶织物的基础上,使用氧化铝纤维毯、氧化铝复合二氧化硅纤维毯、二氧化硅纤维毯和气凝胶复合玻璃纤维,设计并制备了多层柔性热防护材料.通过热导率测试、静态热冲击试验、动态高焓风洞试验对材料的性能进行了验证.结果表明,所研制的多层柔性热防护材料在动态高焓风...     

Protective clothing: Evaluation of zirpro wool and other fabrics

Protective clothing against head and flames should be evaluated not only for flame retardance but also for protection against various heat exposure from convection (flames), conduction (molten metal splashes) and radiation sources, depending on the end use, to ensure a realistic assessment of the potential protection offered and required. Evaluations of various flame-retardant fabrics to different heat exposures showed that the fibre and the flame retardant finish should preferably form a well developed char on exposure to heat, without softening and melting. The flame retardant should act in the solid phase and the fibre should be of low thermal conductivity. For protection against convective heat (flames), a woven Zirpro wool fabric of high density over a bulky knitted Zirpro wool underwear fabric offered a significantly better protection than a single layer of a woven or knitted fabric or a double layer of a woven fabric of the same total weight. The optional multi-layer fabric approach could also decrease overall garment weight and improve wearers' comfort without adverse effect on the protection offered. Of the FR fabrics evaluated, Zirpro wool fabric assemblies showed the longest time to reach pain (first degree burn) and blister (second degree burn) thresholds, as well as the longest pain alarm time–the time available to the wearer to withdraw from the flame heat source before serious injuries occur. Zirpro wool fabric assemblies had one of the lowest residual heat transfers after al limited flame exposure to the pain threshold while some other fibres, e.g. aramid and novoloid, transferred significant residual heat, possibly causing second degree burns. For protection against conduction, such as from molten aluminium splashes, the fabric should have a smooth surface, high density and thickness, besides the other previously mentioned, basic requirements. Zirpro wool fabrics offered a significantly better protection in this case than aramid, FR cotton, glass fibre, asbestos, and other FR fibres. Aluminized fabrics are essential for adequate protection against radiant heat and the aluminization technique affects heat transfer significantly. A low density base fabric made from a fibre of low thermal conductivity, such as Zirpro wool, reduces heat transfer in this case.     

Flame‐retardant fabric systems based on electrospun polyamide/boric acid nanocomposite fibers

To examine the feasibility of developing flame‐retardant‐textile coated fabric systems with electrospun polyamide/boric acid nanocomposites, fiber webs coated on cotton substrates were developed to impart‐fire retardant properties. The morphology of the polyamide/boric acid nanocomposite fibers was examined with scanning electron microscopy. The flame‐retardant properties of coated fabric systems with different nanoparticle contents were assessed. The flame retardancy of the boric acid coated fabric systems was evaluated quantitatively with a flammability test apparatus fabricated on the basis of Consumer Product Safety Commission 16 Code of Federal Regulations part 1610 standard and also by thermogravimetric analysis. The 0.05 wt % boric acid nanocomposite fiber web coated on pure cotton fabric exhibited an increment in flame‐spreading time of greater than 80%, and this indicated excellent fire protection. Also, the coated fabric systems with 0.05% boric acid nanocomposite fiber webs exhibited a distinct shift in the peak value in the thermal degradation profile and a 75% increase in char formation in the thermooxidative degradation profile, as indicated by the results of thermogravimetric analysis. The results show the feasibility of successfully imparting flame‐retardant properties to cotton fabrics through the electrospinning of the polymer material with boric acid nanoparticles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

用于轮胎帘布层的芳纶帘子布的开发

采用芳纶1414纱线和聚酰胺66包芯纱织造芳纶帘子布,通过调整帘子布的密度,设计出了4种不同紧度的帘子布,并对织造过程中遇到的影响帘子布质量的相关问题进行分析,提出了相应的解决方案。同时,对帘子布进行力学及阻燃性能测试分析,结果表明:所设计的帘子布的抗冲击性和阻燃性能良好,可较好地应用于轮胎帘布层。     

芳纶针织物复合材料力学性能研究

为探究芳纶针织物复合材料的力学性能,用电子织物强力机对平板硫化机制得的芳纶针织物复合材料进行拉伸、弯曲、压缩性能测试,结果表明:芳纶针织物增强复合材料为非脆性破坏;经硅烷偶联剂处理有效地提高了芳纶针织物增强复合材料的抗拉、抗弯、抗压强度;罗纹空气层组织的抗拉、抗弯及抗压性能优于满针罗纹组织。     

Effects of laundering on military uniform fabric flammability

In this paper, the effects of laundering on the flammability of a military uniform fabric were studied. The flame retardant was incorporated into the fiber prior to fiber spinning, and its ability to maintain flame spread and flame retardancy was evaluated by multiple test methods. Vertical flame spread, cone calorimeter, and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry were used to determine how many of the flame retardants were removed as a function of wash cycles and if there was any measurable reduction in heat release/fire safety performance that correlated with a loss in flame retardant from washing. Fire testing showed that flame spread performance was maintained within the normal error for the measurement and heat release testing showed very little difference between samples as a function of laundering. Additional analysis via pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed that while the flame retardant levels did decrease with washing, enough of the material remained embedded in the fibers so that fire performance could be maintained. The results do indicate that the flame retardant can be washed off, but because of the flame retardant being deeply embedded in the fiber, enough will remain with the fabric after 25 washes to maintain flame retardant performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“甲纶SUPLON”的性能及其在安全防护领域的应用

干纺聚酰亚胺纤维——"甲纶SUPLON"拥有优异的防护性能,其极限氧指数高达38%,能在-269~300℃下长期使用,其在有焰燃烧条件下,不熔滴、低烟无毒。和其他高性能纤维相比,其具有良好的可纺性和可织性,可加工成各类纱线及面料,其加工成的纯纺面料高温炭化不融滴;其和阻燃涤纶混织,面料无溶滴,续燃时间大大减小;和阻燃黏胶混纺,面料损毁长度只有10 mm,大约为纯纺阻燃黏胶面料的1/10。正是因为"甲纶SUPLON"具有如此优异的防护性能,其可广泛应用在石油、化工、机械、冶金、电焊、消防、海运等各种安全防护领域。     

抗燃与阻燃纤维的现状和发展趋势与建议

抗燃纤维是指纤维分子结构具有梯形、高度交联、金属螯合或芳杂环类不燃纤维,而阻燃纤维是指遇火焰时仍会烧,但移开或离开火焰时具有自熄性的纤维。这些纤维极限氧指数和耐热性较高,在火焰中不释放有害气体,也不熔滴。论述了国内外PAN预氧化纤维、酚醛等4种抗燃纤维及聚四氟乙烯、间位芳酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚等7种阻燃纤维的现状和发展趋势,并提出了我国的发展建议。     

动车用非织造阻燃材料的研发

采用芳纶、聚苯硫醚纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维、阻燃涤纶及阻燃丙纶等按照不同的比例均匀混配,通过非织造针刺加工技术制成能够供动车内饰材料使用的多种纤维交织的立体复合结构针刺毡,测试结果表明:其透气性、拉伸性能、摩擦性能和压缩回弹性均优于同类产品,阻燃性能十分优越,阻燃等级接近DIN_5510-2德国阻燃测试标准中最高阻燃等级S5级。