PtOEP掺杂A1q3有机发光器件的能量传递

研究了高效磷光染料八乙基卟啉铂（PtOEP）掺杂于主体材料八羟基喹啉铝（A1q3）体系中PtOEP、A1q3之间的能量传输机制。分别以PtOEP掺杂和未掺杂的A1q3膜作为发光层制作有机发光器件（OLED），改变掺杂浓度，检测器件电致发光（EL）光谱的变化。经分析，在5％、10％、20％三种掺杂浓度中，10％掺杂浓度能量传递效果最好。通过对掺杂和未掺杂器件电流密度-电压、亮度-电压数据检测，计算外量子效率，在低电流密度（≤7mA/cm^2）驱动下掺杂器件外量子效率是未掺杂器件的5倍。     

有机小分子电致磷光及发光机理研究进展

在过去10余年对小分子和聚合物电致发光器件的研究中,由于器件三线态激子能量没有得到充分的利用,使器件的内量子效率存在25%的理论极限,大大限制了其发光效率。为突破这一理论极限,在小分子主体材料中掺杂磷光染料制成电致磷光器件是近几年研究的热点,磷光染料的掺杂可以充分利用单线态和三线态激子,理论上器件的内量子效率可以达到100%。本文针对有机小分子电致磷光器件的发展、发光机理以及主客体分子间的能量传递等方面作了简明的讨论,指出了在器件设计时应该注意的一些问题。     

有机发光器件(OLED)中的界面研究

有机电致发光器件由于其成本低、重量轻、低阈值电压、高亮度、无需背光源而自身发光、宽视角并易于加工等优点成为现代平板显示的研究热点.经过了二十余年的发展,OLED的器件性能得到大幅度改善.然而,距离实用化还有一定差距,如发光效率低以及器件寿命短等问题,成为制约其推广应用的技术瓶颈.OLED的器件性能在很大程度上由其器件中的界面结构所决定.简要介绍OLED中的界面研究进展,围绕金属/有机界面、有机/有机界面、阳极/有机界面以及层内部材料界面展开叙述,讨论界面结构与OLED器件性能之间的关系,并以多种技术手段和方法研究OLED界面分子结构、能带结构、激发态特性及反应等获得的主要结果,在此基础上预测OLED界面研究的发展趋势.     

有机掺杂体系中的Frster能量传递及其在电致发光中的应用

给体的光致发光量子效率、受体的消光系数及给体的发射谱与受体的吸收光谱的重叠程度,这3个因素对给体与受体间的能量传递效率有重要影响,这对于扩大材料的选择范围,实现有机电致发光的全色显示有重要启示。研究发现在Alq3中掺杂DCM制得的器件很好地满足了这3个条件。本文从F rster能量传递的3个影响因素出发,对Alq3/DCM、TPD/Alq3等不同掺杂体系的光致发光、电致发光特性和能量传递效率等进行了讨论。     

单发光层结构的白色有机电致发光器件的研究

在研究了合成并提纯的蓝光材料Liq和黄光染料Rubrene发光特性的基础上,采用高效的荧光染料Rubrene作为掺杂剂掺杂在母体材料Liq中,制备了单发光层结构的有机电致发光器件.当掺杂摩尔分数为1.0%时,器件得到了近白色发光(色度x=0.29,y=0.34),在驱动电压为24V 时,器件的亮度达到了2804cd/m2,在驱动电压为16V时,器件的效率达到了4.6cd/A.     

有机掺杂体系中的Fǒrster能量传递及其在电致发光中的应用

给体的光致发光量子效率、受体的消光系数及给体的发射谱与受体的吸收光谱的重叠程度,这3个因素对给体与受体间的能量传递效率有重要影响,这对于扩大材料的选择范围,实现有机电致发光的全色显示有重要启示.研究发现在Alq3中掺杂DCM制得的器件很好地满足了这3个条件.本文从F(o)rster能量传递的3个影响因素出发,对Alq3/DCM、TPD/Alq3等不同掺杂体系的光致发光、电致发光特性和能量传递效率等进行了讨论.     

基于红光染料掺杂的有机电压调制发光器件

制备了一种电压调制有机发光二极管(OLED),结构为ITO/CuPc(10nm)/NPB(70nm)/MADN(30nm)/MADN:DCM(2%(质量分数),10nm)/BCP 7nm/ALQ(30nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(100nm).通过调节DCM的掺杂浓度和MADN:DCM厚度,发光颜色发生了随电压的连续变化.该器件的起亮电压在3V左右,当驱动电压为16V时最大亮度达到16652cd/m2,电流效率在8V时达到最大为5.78cd/A.     

磷光染料共掺杂方法提高红光有机发光二极管性能的研究

通过两种不同红光磷光染料6％的PtOEP与7％的（btfmp）2Ir（acac）共掺同一基质中作为发光层，使有机电致发光器件的性能全面得到改善,共掺器件的最大效率达到了3．2cd／A，而单一染料6％的PtOEP或7％的（btfmp）2Ir（acac）掺杂器件的效率分别为1．8cd／A和2．9cd／A,另外，共掺杂器件表现出了更低的驱动电压，其效率在大电流下的衰降程度也大大降低,这些改善应归功于提高了发光层中总的掺杂浓度而没有引起相应高的浓度淬灭的结果。     

有机发光器件(ITO/TPD/Alq3/Mg/Al)的光电性能研究

为了研究有机电致发光器件光电性能随工作参数的变化，对ITO／TPD(50nm)／AIq3(50nm)／Mg／Al的实验数据进行分析，发现该器件在低压时属于注入电流限制，高压时为陷阱电荷限制(TCLC)。另外，采用实验数据验证复合理论，发现通过电场数据和电流密度数据(F^2／J)能够直接地反映器件量子效率随电流密度的变化趋势。     

有机电致发光器件掺杂研究进展

有机电致发光器件(Organic light-emitting device,OLED)因具有成本低、主动发光、驱动电压低、响应速度快、视角宽及可柔性显示等诸多优势,在平板显示及固态照明领域受到广泛关注。但无论是用作显示还是照明,色彩的应用都是不可或缺的。制备不同颜色的发光器件,除可以使用各种颜色的有机材料外,利用荧光或磷光染料掺杂也是重要的方法。同时,这种方法也可以大大提高器件的量子效率。尤其从理论上来说,磷光OLED的内量子效率可以达到100%。从OLED的掺杂原理、荧光掺杂与磷光掺杂等方面阐述了OLED的研究进展。     

Efficient triplet exciton confinement of white organic light-emitting diodes using a heavily doped phosphorescent blue emitter

We demonstrated efficient white electrophosphorescence with a heavily doped phosphorescent blue emitter and a triplet exciton blocking layer (TEBL) inserted between the hole transporting layer (HTL) and the emitting layer (EML). We fabricated white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) (devices A, B, C, and D) using a phosphorescent red emitter; bis(2-phenylquinolinato)-acetylacetonate iridium III (Ir(pq)₂acac) doped in the host material; N,N′-dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene (mCP) as the red EML and the phosphorescent blue emitter; bis(3,5-Difluoro-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-(2-carboxypyridyl) iridium III (FIrpic) doped in the host material; p-bis(triphenylsilyly)benzene (UGH2) as the blue EML. The properties of device B, which demonstrate a maximum luminous efficiency and external quantum efficiency of 26.83 cd/A and 14.0%, respectively, were found to be superior to the other WOLED devices. It also showed white emission with CIE_x,y coordinates of (x = 0.35, y = 0.35) at 8 V. Device D, which has a layer of P-type 4,4′,4″-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA) material between the HTL and TEBL, was compared with device A to determine the 430 nm emission peak.     

Color-tuning of polymer light-emitting devices through maskless dye diffusion technique

The maskless dye diffusion technique is a method to dope dye molecules into polymer films by thermal activation. Since the patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes for the future devices are used as heat source so that the dye doping area mimics the shape of the ITO pattern heated, this method can remove the precise positioning between the ITO electrode and dye doping area which is usually required in other techniques. This paper reports some results on the polymer light-emitting devices made through the maskless dye diffusion technique. When poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PDOF) was used as host material, diffusion of Coumarin 6 and a phosphorescent dye BtpIr yields green and red emission, respectively. In the case of BtpIr-diffused device, the quantum efficiency of the device was found to be about 2.5 times of the device with non-treated PDOF film. It is also found that the poly(N-vinylcarbazole) can be a host material for both green and red phosphorescent dyes.     

High-efficiency white organic light-emitting devices with a non-doped yellow phosphorescent emissive layer

Highly efficient phosphorescent white organic light-emitting devices (PHWOLEDs) with a simple structure of ITO/TAPC (40 nm)/mCP:FIrpic (20 nm, x wt.%)/bis[2-(4-tertbutylphenyl)benzothiazolato-N,C²′] iridium (acetylacetonate) (tbt)₂Ir(acac) (y nm)/Bphen (30 nm)/Mg:Ag (200 nm) have been developed, by inserting a thin layer of non-doped yellow phosphorescent (tbt)₂Ir(acac) between doped blue emitting layer (EML) and electron transporting layer. By changing the doping concentration of the blue EML and the thickness of the non-doped yellow EML, a PHWOLED comprised of higher blue doping concentration and thinner yellow EML achieves a high current efficiency of 31.7 cd/A and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.33, 0.41) at a luminance of 3000 cd/m² could be observed.     

Highly efficient phosphorescent blue and white organic light-emitting devices with simplified architectures

Blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PhOLEDs) with quantum efficiency close to the theoretical maximum were achieved by utilizing a double-layer architecture. Two wide-triplet-gap materials, 1,3-bis(9-carbazolyl)benzene and 1,3,5-tri[(3-pyridyl)-phen-3-yl]benzene, were employed in the emitting and electron-transport layers respectively. The opposite carrier-transport characteristics of these two materials were leveraged to define the exciton formation zone and thus increase the probability of recombination. The efficiency at practical luminance (100 cd/m²) was as high as 20.8%, 47.7 cd/A and 31.2 lm/W, respectively. Furthermore, based on the design concept of this simplified architecture, efficient warmish-white PhOLEDs were developed. Such two-component white organic light-emitting devices exhibited rather stable colors over a wide brightness range and yielded electroluminescence efficiencies of 15.3%, 33.3 cd/A, and 22.7 lm/W in the forward directions.     

Investigation of emission location in top-emitting green organic light-emitting devices by optical analysis

A series of top-emitting organic light-emitting devices with different thicknesses of carrier transporting layers (N,N′-di(1-naphtyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine, tris(8-hyroxyquinloine) aluminum (Alq₃)) and emitting layer (EML, 10-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-1H,5H,11H-(1)-benzopyropyrano(6,7-8-i,j)quinolizin-11-one (C545T)-doped Alq₃) were fabricated. C545T-doped Alq₃ was found to bring about double recombination peaks in EML. As the distance between EML and reflective anode was increased, the outcoupling efficiency greatly deviated from optically-simulated values due to charge imbalance in EML and optical loss at the EML/Alq₃ interface. The device with 30 nm of EML exhibited maximized outcoupling efficiency and further increase of EML thickness brought about decrease in efficiency due to decrease in hole-electron recombination at the EML/Alq₃ interface.     

高效稳定性有机黄光电致发光器件

主要通过红绿磷光材料R-4B和GIr1掺杂的方法,制备了黄光OLED器件,器件结构为ITO/MoO3(X)/NPB(40nm)/TCTA(10nm)/CBP:GIr1 14%:R-4B2%(30nm)/BCP(10nm)/Alq3(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm),TCTA和BCP分别为电子和空穴阻挡材料,同时结合TCTA和BCP对载流子的高效阻挡作用,研究了MoO3对器件效率和稳定性的影响。发现当增加MoO3的厚度为90nm时,在较大的电压范围内,器件都具有较高的效率和色坐标稳定性。在电流密度为7.13mA/cm2时,器件达到最高电流效率29.2cd/A,亮度为2081cd/m2;电流密度为151.7mA/cm2时,获得最高亮度为24430cd/m2,电流效率为16.0cd/A;器件色坐标稳定性较好,当电压为5、10、15V时,色坐标分别为(0.5020,0.4812)、(0.4862,0.4962)、(0.4786,0.5027)。器件性能的改善主要归因于载流子注入与传输的平衡以及阻挡层对发光区域的有效限定。     

High quantum efficiency in simple blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes without any electron injection layer

High efficiency simple blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) without any electron injection layer were developed using a spirobifluorene-based phosphine oxide (SPPO13) as a host material in the emitting layer. A high quantum efficiency of 20.3% was obtained from the SPPO13 device, with a common device structure and quantum efficiency of 19% achieved in the simple blue device without any LiF electron injection layer. Efficient electron injection from the Al cathode to the SPPO13, without any electron injection layer, was responsible for the high quantum efficiency in the blue PHOLEDs.     

Sr/Ag semitransparent cathodes for top emission organic light-emitting devices

We have developed a semitransparent cathode for the top emission organic light-emitting devices using a Sr/Ag double layer prepared by the thermal evaporation technique. The Sr (8-10 nm)/Ag (10 nm) cathode shows the transmittance of 55-76% in the visible spectral region and the sheet resistance of about 12 Ω/□. The underlying Sr layer affects the growing characteristics of Ag layer, resulting in high optical transparency. The bis[2-(2′-benzothienyl)-pyridinato-N,C^3′]iridium(acetylacetonate) doped top emission electro-phosphorescent device with a Sr/Ag semitransparent cathode has been fabricated and studied.     

A high triplet energy phosphine oxide derivative as a host and exciton blocking material for blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes

We have designed and synthesized a blue phosphorescent host material based on a phosphine oxide moiety. 2-(diphenylphosphine oxide)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (SPPO1) was compared with N,N′-dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene (mCP) as a blue host material in blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). The SPPO1 was effective as a host for blue PHOLEDs and the SPPO1 based blue PHOLEDs showed much higher quantum efficiency than common mCP based blue PHOLEDs. A high quantum efficiency of 16.3% and a current efficiency of 31.4 cd/A were obtained in the blue PHOLED with iridium(III) bis(4,6-(di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2′) picolinate (FIrpic) as a blue phosphorescent dopant. In addition, SPPO1 was also effective as an exciton blocking material for the blue PHOLED.