凹土基组合生物滤料处理废水中Pb~(2+)的应用研究

利用制备凹土基组合生物滤料去除废水中的Pb2+。实验结果表明,凹土基组合生物滤料中凹土含量越高,对金属离子的吸附性越强,当温度为20℃,DO为3mg/L时,对初始浓度为3.552mg/L的Pb2+的去除效果最高可达到90.18%。     

纯硅藻土吸附Pb~(2+)的实验研究

硅藻土原土经焙烧-酸浸-活化后,纯度增加,Si O2含量由80.10%增至90.22%,有利于吸附重金属。纯硅藻土对废水中Pb2+的吸附效果与反应时振荡速度、吸附时间、废水p H值、投加量等因素有关。在本实验条件下,纯硅藻土对水中Pb2+(20m L,废水Pb2+浓度8.81mg/L)达到最佳去除效果时的工艺条件为:振荡速度150r/min,吸附时间4h,溶液p H7,投加量5g/L,此条件下Pb2+去除率达到93.4%,纯硅藻土对Pb2+的吸附量为1.64mg/g。     

醋糟对模拟废水中Pb~(2+)的吸附性能研究

研究醋糟在模拟废水中吸附Pb2+的性能。考察温度、pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂用量和初始Pb2+浓度等对醋糟吸附Pb2+的影响。结果:醋糟在较广泛pH范围3~10,温度25~40℃时,对低浓度废水中的Pb2+具有较高吸附率,醋糟对Pb2+的吸附率达到91%以上。醋糟对Pb2+的吸附为快速吸附,在初始Pb2+浓度低于64.84mg/L、醋糟用量33.33g/L时吸附率达到94%以上。醋糟用量在7g/L时,吸附率达到92%以上。Na+,K+对醋糟吸附Pb2+的影响较小,Ca2+,Mg2+在浓度大于500mg/L时,会对醋糟吸附Pb2+造成一定影响。结论:醋糟对固态发酵醋产品铅含量控制有一定影响;醋糟的再利用需防止重金属污染;醋糟可作为低浓度含铅废水的潜在吸附剂。     

酿酒废酵母吸附共存重金属离子的研究

为研究酿酒废酵母吸附共存重金属离子的可行性,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应曲面法探讨酿酒废酵母吸附共存离子Pb2+、Ni 2+、Cu2+的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:酿酒废酵母对共存重金属离子Pb2+、Ni 2+、Cu2+吸附的最佳条件为pH值3.15,吸附温度30℃,吸附时间60min,酵母浓度2.04g/L,离子浓度61.34mg/L,该条件下酿酒废酵母对共存离子的吸附率为62.78%。     

高吸附Pb~(2+)的异常威客汉姆酵母QF-1-1吸附Pb~(2+)特性及机理

为开发新型重金属生物吸附剂,对一株高吸附Pb2+的异常威客汉姆酵母QF-1-1吸附Pb2+的特性和机理进行探讨。通过摇瓶法考察Pb2+溶液的初始pH值和质量浓度、菌体质量浓度、吸附时间对QF-1-1吸附Pb2+特性的影响。利用基团掩蔽实验、化学试剂处理实验、解吸附实验研究QF-1-1对Pb2+的吸附机理。结果表明,在Pb2+溶液初始pH 5.5、Pb2+溶液初始质量浓度100 mg/L、菌体质量浓度11 g/L、吸附时间140 min条件下,QF-1-1吸附效果较好,其中吸附量最大可达到7.29 mg/g,去除率达到97.89%。将QF-1-1羧基、氨基、磷酸基掩蔽处理后,其对Pb2+离子的去除率分别从92.61%下降到34.13%、38.69%和77.84%,各基团在吸附Pb2+过程中的贡献率分别是羧基氨基磷酸基。各种不同化学试剂处理后QF-1-1对Pb2+吸附能力表现不同,经酸处理后去除率降低,并且差异极显著(P0.01)。QF-1-1吸附Pb2+具有可逆性,可被0.1 mol/L HCl、15 mmol/L HNO3、1.0 mmol/L EDTA溶液洗脱,4次洗脱后胞内Pb2+占吸附总量小于4.1%,因此推测其吸附机制主要是表面吸附。     

荸荠皮渣改性产物作为重金属吸附剂的研究

荸荠皮渣经过预处理后进行改性:在吡啶试剂回流的情况下与琥珀酸酐反应,以引入羧基官能团。得到的改性荸荠皮渣进行重金属吸附,分别就金属离子初始浓度、pH和吸附时间进行吸附过程的研究。并对改性荸荠皮渣的吸附特性与机理进行了初步研究与探讨。结果表明:改性荸荠皮渣(MWCP)对三种重金属离子(Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+)具有显著的吸附作用,400 mg/L浓度下,吸附4 h基本达到吸附平衡:Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+分别达到44.80±2.68 mg/g、80.73±6.25 mg/g、45.94±3.15 mg/g;Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+的最佳pH分别为5.5、5.6和7.8;吸附过程是一种化学吸附过程,对吸附动力学的拟合较为符合拉格朗日假二级拟合模型;吸附等温模型比较符合langmuir等温吸附;红外图谱的相关吸收峰的变化说明荸荠皮渣发生了羧基化改性反应。     

磺胺化聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜的制备及其对Cr(VI)和Pb(II)的吸附性能

为更好地吸附水中的Cr(VI)和Pb(II)等重金属离子,并且避免吸附材料对水体的二次污染,利用对甲基苯磺酰胺为功能化试剂,通过水热法对聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维膜进行化学改性,得到了具有吸附重金属离子功能的磺胺化PAN纳米纤维膜,并研究了该纤维膜对Cr(VI)和Pb(II)的吸附去除性能和机制。结果表明:当水热温度为125 ℃,水热时间为2.5 h时,可得到形貌良好的磺胺化PAN纳米纤维膜;磺胺化PAN纳米纤维膜对Cr(VI)的吸附符合Langmuir模型,且满足二级动力学方程,在质量浓度为50 mg/L的K₂Cr₂O₇溶液中1 h后可达到吸附平衡,吸附量为220.4 mg/g;对Pb(II)的吸附符合Freundlich吸附模型,且满足二级动力学方程,在质量浓度为50 mg/L的Pb(NO₃)₂溶液中1 h后可达到吸附平衡,吸附量为185.6 mg/g。     

环境因子对羊栖菜粉吸附Pb2+效果的影响

以非活性羊栖菜粉为吸附剂,研究了pH、羊栖菜粉浓度、Pb2+初始浓度、干扰离子强度、温度等环境因子的变化对Pb2+去除率及吸附容量的影响。结果显示,Pb2+初始浓度为10 mg/L 时,羊栖菜粉对Pb2+的吸附在pH为2.0~5.0的范围内有较高的去除率,其中pH为3.0左右时,有最高去除率97.05%;羊栖菜粉对Pb2+的去除率随羊栖菜粉浓度的增大而增大,但吸附容量却随之降低,在Pb2+初始浓度为60 mg/L,羊栖菜粉浓度0.5 g/L的条件下,羊栖菜粉对Pb2+的去除率可达94%以上;溶液中其他阳离子的存在会干扰羊栖菜粉对Pb2+的吸附,其中Ca2+比Na+的干扰性强,Cu2+比Cd2+的干扰性强,溶液中多种离子存在时对吸附的干扰性大于单一离子的干扰性,且吸附容量与干扰离子强度的平方根呈一定的线性关系,其相关系数均在0.95以上;在20~60 ℃范围内,适当升高温度有利于吸附过程的进行。羊栖菜粉可应用于Pb2+的去除,且对其表现出良好的吸附性能。     

响应面法优化酿酒废酵母改性特性研究

以酿酒废酵母作为生物吸附剂,为提高其对重金属离子Pb2+的吸附能力,对其进行改性。研究了改性温度、液料比、改性时间以及改性剂浓度对改性的影响。结果表明酿酒废酵母最佳改性条件为:改性温度43℃,液料比41∶1(mL∶g),改性时间270min,改性剂浓度0.32mol/L,在此条件下改性的酿酒废酵母对Pb2+的吸附率可达89.96%。     

乳糖化壳聚糖对重金属的吸附能力及其机制研究

以甲壳素为原料制备乳糖化壳聚糖,研究不同脱乙酰度的乳糖化壳聚糖对重金属离子Cr6+、Pb2+吸附能力及其机制。研究表明,乳糖化壳聚糖脱乙酰度随Na OH浓度的增加而增加,在Na OH饱和溶液中达到最大;不同脱乙酰度的乳糖化壳聚糖对Cr6+的清除率随乳糖化壳聚糖脱乙酰度的增加呈先不变后降低的趋势,最大清除率为47.26%;而对Pb2+的清除率随乳糖化壳聚糖脱乙酰度的增加先升高后降低,在乳糖化壳聚糖脱乙酰度为56.4时达到最大,最大清除率可达62.09%。红外扫描显示,乳糖壳聚糖主要是-OH和-NH参与重金属吸附反应,吸附Cr6+时O=C=O参与配位,吸附Pb2+时-NO3参与配位;电镜扫描结果显示,乳糖化壳聚糖具有较好的三维结构,对Cr6+、Pb2+的吸附除配位结合外,也有部分附着在其三维结构中。因此,乳糖化壳聚糖对重金属离子具有一定的清除能力,其吸附形式主要为配位键吸附和结构吸附2种形式。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press