α-玉米赤霉醇溶液标准物质的研制

研制了浓度为0.1mg/mL的α-玉米赤霉醇标准溶液.研制过程包括纯物质定性分析、纯物质纯度定值、纯物质定值不确定度评定、溶液标准物质配制、封装和保存;均匀性检验、稳定性检验、溶液标准物质不确定度评定.定值结果表明,α-玉米赤霉醇溶液标准物质的定值过程、均匀性和稳定性均符合国家有关标准物质要求.目前,该溶液标准物质已批准为国家二级标准物质,可为相关部门提供检测标准.     

氯化钾电导率溶液标准物质的研制

介绍了氯化钾电导率溶液标准物质的研制方法,采用与一级标准物质比较定值的方法对该标准物质进行了定值,利用高精度电导率仪对定值结果进行了验证,同时对该标准物质进行了均匀性检验和稳定性考察。氯化钾电导率溶液标准物质的定值结果为1408μS/cm,扩展不确定度为:Urel=0.6%,k=2。其均匀性和稳定性检验结果表明,该标准物质符合国家二级标准物质的技术要求。     

苯系物溶液标准物质的研究

论述了苯系物溶液标准物质的研究工作 ,系统地介绍了标准物质原材料的选择、特性量值的测量方法、标准物质的制备方法、均匀性检验、稳定性考察以及定值测量。对样品的均匀性、测量的分散性及其他因素引入的不确定度分量分析和确定后 ,给出了整个测量过程不确定度的合成结果。对气相色谱法和液相色谱法所得到的实验结果进行了统计分析 ,其均匀性符合F检验和T检验 ,满足标准物质的技术规范。对苯系物溶液标准物质的稳定性进行了 2年的考察 ,证明该标准物质是稳定的 ,浓度值的不确定度为 2 8%。苯系物溶液标准物质已被批准为国家一级标准物质     

化学需氧量溶液标准物质的定值及不确定度评定

采用重量-容量法,配制了化学需氧量溶液标准物质,利用一级标准物质进行比较定值,并对溶液标准物质进行了均匀性检验和稳定性考察。对定值的不确定度进行了评定。化学需氧量溶液标准物质的定值结果为2000mg/L,扩展不确定度为:Urel=2%,k=2。     

水中氟离子溶液标准物质的研制

文章以氟化钠标准物质为原料，超纯水为溶剂，采用重量-容量法制备水中氟离子溶液标准物质，介绍了水中氟离子溶液标准物质的研制方法。研制的水中氟离子溶液标准物质利用离子色谱法进行检测，分别采用F检验和回归曲线法进行均匀性和稳定性检验，方差分析和线性拟合结果表明该标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性。选择国家二级标准物质采用同样的检测方法进行验证，结果表明制备的标准物质的方法准确度满足要求。研制的水中氟离子溶液标准物质的定值结果为1 000 mg/L,相对扩展不确定度U_rel=1%(k=2)。该标准物质量值准确，且具有溯源性，可用于水中氟离子测量过程的质量控制及分析方法的确认和评价。     

GBW(E)100674乙腈中展青霉素溶液标准物质的研制

本课题研制了乙腈中展青霉素的溶液标准物质1种,并已成功申报为国家二级标准物质(GBW(E)100674)。该溶液标准物质以展青霉素纯度国家二级标准物质(GBW(E)100673)为原料,采用重量容量法配制。依据JJF1343-2012《标准物质定值的通用原则及统计学原理》的要求,本研究采用液相色谱法对乙腈中展青霉素溶液标准物质进行均匀性、短期稳定性和长期稳定性的评价。定值不确定度包含原料纯度、溶液配制、均匀性、短期稳定性和长期稳定性五个方面引入的不确定度。最终,该溶液标准物质GBW(E)100674的定值结果为100μg/m L,不确定度为2%。本研究研制展青霉素溶液标准物质的量值具有溯源性和准确性,可以支持国家食品安全检测的需要。     

甲醇中萘溶液标准物质的研制

以色谱纯甲醇和高纯物质萘为原料,采用重量-容量法准确制备特性量值为1.00×10-4 g/mL的甲醇中萘溶液标准物质.研制的标准物质通过了均匀性检验和稳定性考察,并对定值结果进行了不确定度评定.该溶液标准物质已被批准为国家二级标准物质(编号GBW(E)130395),相对扩展不确定度为3％(k=2),可用于液相色谱仪的检定.     

钡溶液标准物质的研制

选择氯化钡为原料,经纯度分析后,配制成目标浓度为20 mg/mL的钡溶液标准物质.采用BaSO4重量基准法与仪器分析相结合的方法进行均匀性检验、稳定性监测与定值.对影响测量结果的因素进行了系统研究,将各影响量降至最低水平,利用仪器分析法准确测定各影响因素的量值,并逐一进行修正;全面进行了测量不确定度评定.研制的钡溶液标准物质不确定度为0.08%(k=2),稳定性达1年.     

甲醇水中咖啡因溶液标准物质的研制及不确定度评定

研制了液相色谱-质谱联用仪(LC-MS)校准用甲醇水中咖啡因溶液标准物质并进行不确定度评定。以咖啡因纯品、色谱级甲醇和实验室一级用水为原材料,利用质量平衡法对咖啡因纯品进行纯度核验,利用基准方法重量—容量法配制浓度9.94 mg/L甲醇水中咖啡因溶液标准物质。采用液相色谱法对9.94 mg/L甲醇水中咖啡因标准溶液和国家二级标准物质GBW(E)130453进行量值比对,并对溶液标准物质的均匀性、短期稳定性和长期稳定性进行考察。结果表明研制的9.94 mg/L的甲醇水中咖啡因溶液标准物质的均匀性和稳定性良好,相对扩展不确定度为2%(k=2),有效期为12个月。     

蔗糖总有机碳标准物质的研制

采用重量一容量法研制了蔗糖总有机碳(TOC)标准物质,对其进行了准确定值和均匀性、短期稳定性检验,并进行了不确定度的评定。该标准物质总有机碳含量为50 mg/L,相对扩展不确定为3%(k=2),均匀性和短期稳定性良好,保证了量值溯源的可靠性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...