Work assessment of psychiatric patients: A critical review of published scales.

Critically examines 7 published scales designed for rating the work performance of psychiatric patients: (a) Minnesota Follow-up Study Rehabilitation Evaluation Scale; (b) M-R Fergus Falls Patient-Employee Rating Scale; (c) D. Ethridge scale (see record 1968-15840-001); (d) M. Distefano and M. Pryer scale (see record 1970-21324-001); (e) A. Cheadle, D. Cushing, C. Drew, and R. Morgan scale (see record 1968-00995-001); (f) A. Burger scale; and (g) J. Clark, B. Koch, and R. Nichols scale (see record 1965-10332-001). Special reference is made to concurrent and predictive validation. Suggestions for the design of such scales are presented. (33 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Stress-disorder symptoms in Vietnam and Korean War veterans: Still no difference.

E. Carroll (see record 1983-32780-001), in response to an article by the present author and colleagues (see record 1982-28346-001), questions the study in the use of hospitalized veterans as Ss, the degree of their combat experience, use of medical records for analysis, validity of diagnoses, and the choice of control symptoms. The author maintains that Carroll's cautions do not significantly detract from the original assertion that the symptoms associated with stress disorder are neither unique nor inordinately common in Vietnam veteran psychiatric patients or their Korean war counterparts. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychosomatic etiological factors in neoplasms: A response to Kellerman.

J. Kellerman (see record 1979-26395-001) argues that use of psychiatric patients in a study designed to search for psychosomatic etiological factors in neoplasms may have led to the present authors' negative results (see record 1978-03712-001). It is suggested, however, that the use of psychiatric patients increased the heterogeneity of the sample and probably enhanced, not limited, the likelihood of positive findings. It is also suggested that the inclusion of alcoholics in the study may have masked real differences between neoplasm and control Ss. However, new analyses run on subsets of the malignancy and malignancy-control samples from which alcoholics were first deleted failed to support his contention. New analyses run to test for differences between the frequencies of various high-scale MMPI types in neoplasm and control groups also failed to support the view that neoplasm patients are qualitatively different from controls on the inventory. (2 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to Peterson and Berenbaum.

Discusses the issues raised by R. A. Peterson and S. A. Berenbaun (see record 1982-26998-001) in their critique of the present author's (see record 1981-24709-001) paper on coping strategies in psychiatric research. The focus is on identifying concurrence where possible and clarifying issues underlying disagreements. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The alcoholism controversy revisited.

Responds to G. A. Marlatt's (see record 1986-02189-001) reply to the present author's (see record 1986-02199-001) criticism of Marlatt's (see record 1984-13214-001) earlier article regarding the effectiveness of controlled drinking treatment for alcoholics by refuting Marlatt's defense of the methodology used in M. B. Sobell and L. C. Sobell's (see record 1973-23611-001) research on controlled drinking for hospitalized patients; it is suggested that arguments over the outcome for the Sobell and Sobell experiment are moot since the treatment procedures employed did not result in either sustained controlled drinking or stable abstinence in the abstinence-trained Ss. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Optimum service delivery to the Black client.

Replies to the comments of H. U. Ashby (see record 1986-17759-001) and P. Bronstein (see record 1986-17774-001) on the author's (see record 1985-26063-001) work on the nondisclosing Black client. Ashby's and Bronstein's objections to the term healthy cultural paranoia are addressed with assertions that the author is not the originator of the term and that the impact of the proposal on the quality of care services to Black clients was not considered by either Ashby or Bronstein. (4 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Is free will a process or a content: Both? Neither? Are we free to affirm a position on this question?

Comments on the views on free will (FW) offered by B. D. Slife (see record 1995-13451-001), M. Gergen (see record 1995-14294-001), R. N. Williams (see record 1995-12851-001), M. S. Richardson (see record 1995-14311-001), and G. S. Howard (see record 1995-13446-001) in light of the classical definition of FW as being capable of doing otherwise. It is argued that FW interpretations differ markedly depending on whether they are viewed as due to a process or to contents within some process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social desirability: Its relevance to the measurement of hopelessness and suicidal behavior.

Replies to J. S. Nevid's (see record 1983-11675-001) comments on an article by the present authors (see record 1982-01443-001) examining the relationship between social desirability (SD), hopelessness, and reports of suicidal ideation/behavior. Further data on the relationship of SD, hopelessness, and prediction of future suicidal behavior collected from an inpatient psychiatric population (N?=?44) are analyzed. Results are similar to those obtained in the original study, thus strengthening confidence in those results. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Depressive affect: A test of behavioral hypotheses. Reply to Wener and Rehm.

In reply to Wener and Rehm's (see record 2005-08994-001) comments on Buchwald's critique (see record 1978-21210-001) of an earlier article by them (see record 1975-25511-001), it is argued that (a) there are no grounds for interpreting their certainty ratings as a measure of self-confidence and that (b) the data they offer to refute the possibility of an artifact does not do so. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Backward masking as a measure of slow processing in the schizophrenia spectrum: A reply to Saccuzzo and Schubert.

Argues that D. P. Saccuzzo and D. L. Schubert's (see record 1984-06961-001) reply to a comment by the present author (see record 1984-06967-001) concerning Saccuzzo and Schubert's (see record 1981-28173-001) original article does not address the point that performance by chronic schizophrenics on the masking task may be related to iconic quality that is independent of iconic or posticonic speed of processing. (4 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Got a minute? Attentional limits revisited.

Responds to comments by R. C. Tees (see record 1991-03035-001), J. G. Adair (see record 1991-03013-001), J. E. Grusec (see record 1991-03021-001), K. Danziger (see record 1991-03016-001), L. P. Mos (see record 1991-03027-001), H. J. Stam (see record 1991-03033-001), and V. Vikis-Freilbergs (see record 1991-03039-001) on W. Thorngate's (see record 1991-03036-001) contention that the overproduction of psychological literature will lead to fragmentation of the discipline. As the works of psychologists proliterate, their scientific truth may capture less attention than their practical importance or personal interest. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Simultaneous and successive processing: An attempt at replication.

J. P. Das et al (see record 1975-08765-001) claim that A. R. Luria's (1966) distinction between simultaneous and successive modes of information processing provides a more fruitful way of classifying cognitive processes than (a) the hierarchical models of C. Burt (see record 1973-10531-001) and P. E. Vernon (see record 1963-03855-001), A. R. Jensen's (see record 1969-09740-001) Levels 1 and 2, or A. Paivio's (see record 1976-01839-001) dual coding system of imagery and verbal mediation. Their published factor analyses are surveyed, and shown to yield only partial support for their views. A broader battery of 14 tests was given to 91 university students, and responses were factor analyzed. Two of the obtained factors involved various kinds of rote memorizing, and thus could be regarded as successive processing. Four other factors did not yield a general simultaneous factor, but classified the tests under Number-Spatial, Verbal-Spatial, Perceptual Reasoning, and a specific Digit Memory factor. Overall, the 6 factors tend to follow a multiple-factor, or a hierarchical model, rather than a dichotomous classification. (French summary) (28 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The empirical claims of maximization theory: A reply to Rachlin and to Kagel, Battalio, and Green.

H. Rachlin (see record 1984-02970-001) and J. H. Kagel et al (see record 1984-02959-001) reported errors in the present author's (see record 1982-22589-001) critique of maximization theory. They presented new evidence that demonstrated that maximization accounts better for equilibrium behavior on schedules of reinforcement than did matching. In this article, Prelec argues that the allegations of mathematical and conceptual errors are without substance and the new data do not differentially favor maximization or matching. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A reply to two critics.

Responds to comments by J. A. Mu?oz (see record 1986-12848-001) and M. B. Smith (see record 1986-12870-001) on the present author's (see record 1985-12952-001) contention that the American Psychological Association should not be involved in social advocacy. The present author questions how social responsibilities are to be recognized and whether it is appropriate to give ethics a corporate voice. (2 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The migration hypothesis: A rebuttal to Silverman and Saunders.

Reports the results of a study with 65 psychiatric patients that was conducted in order to investigate the results obtained by I. Silverman and D. Saunders (see record 1982-01855-001), from which they concluded that a mental hospital in or nearby a community seems to create a mental illness culture and that psychiatric facilities foster not the detection, but the perception, of mental illness. The present results render Silverman and Saunders's conclusions unsubstantiated and do not support the supposed simplicity of their concept of mental illness. A reply by Silverman and Saunders is included. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to comments on the child-care debate.

Responds to comments by W. B. Johnson and D. Hayes (see record 1993-41125-001), J. E. Maddux (see record 1993-41129-001), K. McCarthey et al (see record 1993-41130-001), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Network (see record 1993-41132-001), and N. Shpancer (see record 1993-41138-001) on L. B. Silverstein's (see record 1992-05293-001) original article on child care and maternal employment, noting that the comments go a long way toward expanding the child-care debate, if not transforming it. Silverstein focuses on the role of psychology in policymaking and the responsibility of government in the lives of individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Comments on three recent subliminal psychodynamic activation investigations": Rejoinder to Oliver and Burkham and to Porterfield.

Considers the replies of A. L. Porterfield (see record 1986-11991-001) and J. M. Oliver and R. Burkham (see record 1986-11985-001) to the critique of the present author (see record 1986-12007-001). The original criticisms are seen as valid. A critical deficiency in the design of Porterfield and S. L. Golding's (see record 1986-11992-001) study is viewed as disqualifying it as a fair attempt at replication. It is suggested that although Oliver and Burkham's (see record 1983-01571-001) study was well-designed, statements made in their write-up are unwarranted. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Seventeen authors in search of a myth: A reply to Cohen et al.

Reviews assertions made by S. Cohen et al (see record 1990-05833-001) on smoking cessation and suggests that the article's exposition did not represent a clear interpretation of the main thrust of S. Schachter's (see record 1982-30809-001) and R. Rzewnicki and D. G. Forgays's (see record 1987-16432-001) contributions. It is further suggested that all of these data are reconcilable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply from Sommer and Sommer.

Responds to comments by H. L. Garber (see record 1985-24145-001), E. Furchtgott (see record 1985-24143-001), G. S. Bernstein (see record 1985-24133-001), K. Heskin (see record 1985-24148-001), and K. B. Carsrud (see record 1985-24136-001) on issues raised by the authors (see record 1984-10654-001) on the validity of research findings reported in textbooks. The hazards of unquestioning acceptance of appealing preliminary results and the need to exercise professional judgment in interpreting results are stressed. It is argued that textbooks in such core areas as developmental and abnormal psychology should be conservative in the facts they publish. The use of replication as a means of establishing validity is advocated. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)