曲面柔性轧制装置设计与成形工艺分析

采用曲面柔性轧制方法可以实现三维曲面板类件的连续、柔性成形,为了验证该方法的可行性,本文基于曲面柔性轧制原理,设计出成形装置并研究了装置关键部件工作辊的驱动方式,驱动方式可以分为单端与双端两种;进行相关成形实验并对曲面柔性轧制成形工艺进行了分析,探讨了成形过程.结果表明:一次调形成形工艺适用于小变形量情况,成形质量好,效率高;渐进调形成形工艺,以小的压下量逐渐使板料成形,在一定程度上可以消除板料边缘皱褶,减小回弹,利于板料成形;理论上讨论了实时调形成形工艺,该种工艺将会提高成形自动化与效率.对成形件进行了成形精度与厚度分布研究,表明成形效果良好,验证了曲面柔性轧制成形方法的可行性与实用性.     

多点成形--金属板材柔性成形的新技术

多点成形是一种板材三维曲面柔性成形的新技术.简述了多点成形的基本原理与系统构成并介绍了几种成形方式.在多点成形中,厚板曲面件可直接成形,薄板曲面件则采用柔性压边技术进行成形.利用多点成形技术的柔性特点还能实现分段成形、反复成形、多道成形以及闭环成形等新的板材成形工艺.     

力-位移分控多点成形新工艺及其回弹控制机理

目的对比研究力-位移分控多点弯曲成形的受力和变形特点,揭示力-位移分控多点成形技术改善成形质量的机理。方法首先设计制造出采用力-位移分控多点成形原理成形的实验装置,并进行圆柱面的实际成形,比较不同成形模式下所获得成形制件的差异,然后采用理论分析和数值模拟等手段,分析对比不同成形模式的受力与变形条件,探讨不同成形模式下的变形特点与规律。结果从理论上给出了力-位移分控多点成形能有效减小回弹、消除"直边效应"的力学原理,指出了力-位移分控多点成形技术减小回弹的根本原因在于法向约束力的作用,且回弹减小量与法向约束力的大小成正比,并通过数值模拟,从应力和应变分布、支反力变化等方面予以了验证。结论力-位移分控多点成形从本质上改变了板材的受力和变形条件,能有效提升成形质量。     

多点成形中回弹量的测量与控制方法研究

针对多点成形中工件的回弹问题,提出了一种测量和控制回弹的新方法.回弹量的测量方面,采用自行研制的非接触式三维激光扫描装置测量工件表面的三维点云信息;对不在同一坐标系下的测量数据和目标模型数据,用两步配准方法进行全局优化配准,克服了配准过程中常见的局部极小问题;采用改进的Shepard插值函数为初始曲面模型,用基于高斯曲率的采样型值点拟合出NURBS曲面.通过上述步骤快速、准确地计算出回弹量,改变了传统的利用靠模测量回弹量的方法.回弹控制方面,用测量的回弹量试验数据建立BP神经网络回弹预测模型,根据预测量调整基本体群的工具曲面形状,经过多次预测和基本体曲面形状的修改,最终实现控制回弹的目的.通过实例表明,上述方法可行,回弹量可控制到允许的精度.     

多点复合渐进成形与单点渐进成形的对比分析

为提高金属板材渐进成形的成形质量、成形精度、成形效率和成形极限,了解不同渐进成形工艺对制件成形性能的影响,本文以典型方锥台制件为研究对象,利用有限元软件MSC.Marc对2种渐进成形工艺进行了三维建模,对比分析了单点渐进成形和多点复合渐进成形对制件等效塑性应变、厚度分布和成形精度的影响.数值模拟结果表明:单点渐进成形的等效塑性应变和厚度减薄主要集中在制件相邻侧壁间的拐角处,而多点复合渐进成形的等效塑性应变和厚度减薄均匀地分布在制件成形区;相同成形工艺参数下,相比单点渐进成形,多点复合渐进成形更有利于制件的成形效率、成形质量、成形精度和成形极限的提高,更有利于抑制破裂等失稳现象的产生.2种渐进成形工艺的成形试验表明,数值模拟结果与试验相符.     

钣金V形折弯成形的回弹控制研究

为了实现对钣金V形折弯回弹的有效控制,在折弯加工过程中逐渐修正材料的性能参数,从而准确计算最终的折弯深度参数.本文对板料进行几次增量式的折弯加工,获取相应的成形及回弹角度参数,并通过理论模型修正材料的性能参数值,进而利用修正后的材料参数计算折弯深度参数.实验结果表明:修正后的材料性能参数接近拉伸实验的结果,折弯成形角度的偏差小于1°.增量式折弯方法避免了由材料参数误差引起的回弹控制误差,有效提高了V形折弯回弹的控制精度."     

板料冲压成形和回弹分析过程的三维动态模拟

利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA非线性动力有限元程序的显式-隐式连续求解功能,模拟了板料成形过程与卸载后板料回弹变形的全过程,得到了成形过程中任一时刻各处的应力和应变值及卸载后板料的回弹结果.     

板材/管材柔性介质成形工艺新进展

随着先进轻量化技术的不断发展,难变形复杂薄壁类构件在航空航天、汽车等领域的应用日益广泛,以板材/管材柔性介质成形工艺为代表的先进塑性成形技术受到了越来越多的关注。介绍了柔性介质成形工艺的最新研究进展,包括了以面向成形过程的板材/管材性能试验测试手段、成形极限预测及起皱性能预测等为代表的基础理论研究进展,国内外充液成形装备及生产线研究进展,基于充液成形技术的模具设计技术研究进展,最后对颗粒介质成形工艺进行了简要介绍。     

机翼前缘蒙皮橡皮成形回弹数值模拟分析

基于有限元数值模拟的工艺分析方法能提高橡皮成形工艺的零件质量,其中回弹预测的精度是橡皮成形数值模拟的关键。文章以有限元软件ANSYS为平台,针对飞机前缘蒙皮铝合金板2B06-T3,建立成形与回弹过程的数值模型,研究影响数值模拟回弹预测精度的关键因素,如单元积分类型、网格尺寸、接触与摩擦。提高数值模拟成形精度,需要精确控制模拟过程的关键环节,力求在每个环节减小误差累积。该文对实际生产具有指导意义。     

柔性石墨的压缩回弹性能测试

本文比较了三种不同方法测得的柔性石墨压缩率和回弹率结果,并研究了密度、膨化倍率、粒度和纯度对压缩回弹性能的影响.     

Continuous flexible forming of three-dimensional surface parts using bendable rollers

A novel idea to form three-dimensional (3D) sheet metal parts using three bendable rollers is presented. It can realize a continuous flexible forming of sheet metal. The forming principle is introduced and forming equipment with three bendable rollers has been developed. The bendable roller with shape-adjusting device is designed based on a flexible shaft of steel wires. Some experiments were performed and typical 3D surface parts were formed. The experiments show that the transversal spine of 3D part is determined by the bended shape of the bendable rollers, and the longitudinal spine of the 3D part is determined by the relative displacement among the top roller and the two bottom rollers. The technology of forming 3D surface sheet metal using bendable rollers can produce 3D surface parts in a rapid and economical way.     

Simulation and software design of continuous flexible roll bending process for three dimensional surface parts

Continuous flexible roll bending process, due to its advantages of flexibility and continuous roll forming, exhibits a great ability to manufacture three dimensional surface parts effectively. To obtain a final part with desired shape and eliminate the need to depend on the experiences and skills of the operator, the longitudinal and transverse mathematical models were presented for predicting the curvatures in sheet metal forming process. A software system, which was guided with the automation and precision producing concepts, was designed based on the mathematical models for controlling the continuous flexible roll bending process. The algorithms of the mathematical models were verified by comparisons of the desired and the numerical simulation results. An application experiment for saddle surface part was performed using the developed software. Compare the experiment result with the target shape, it shows that the software system is reliable.     

大型直缝焊管三点弯曲JCO成形及弹复解析

采用三点弯曲JCO成形方法制造大型直缝焊管的技术关键是板坯每道次弯曲角的弹复控制,其成形角的精度直接制约着成形管坯的椭圆度.针对管线钢材料的特点,采用双线性硬化材料模型,基于小变形假设,建立了每道次弯曲成形及弹复计算模型,得到了对应任一凸模行程处板料中性层上任一质点卸载前后的转角和挠度数学表达式.理论和实验数据均表明,弯曲角和成形角之间非常接近线性关系,验证了理论解析的正确性.     

CFRP柔性件保形加工中的变形控制

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)柔性件的保形加工是航空航天高端装备制造的重要环节,柔性件的可靠装夹是控制加工变形、降低加工尺寸偏差的前提。首先,在理论分析的基础上,明确了柔性件装夹中夹紧及摩擦约束基本条件,提出了基于悬臂梁理论的“随形-就近”吸盘分布原则。进而,使用“ISIGHTABAQUS”联合仿真方法,实现了不同装夹条件及等效切削力作用下CFRP柔性件变形的仿真分析,分析表明：真空吸盘的弹性变形易加大装夹变形,应采用弹性真空吸盘与刚性定位吸盘组合的方式;定位吸盘数量为8、12或16,并“随形-就近”分布时,真空吸盘数量及分布对柔性件变形的影响可忽略。最后,仿真与实验分析了考虑定位几何量偏差时的加工尺寸偏差,仿真与实验结果规律基本一致,优化装夹后的加工尺寸偏差最大降幅达57.7μm (35%);综上,CFRP柔性件保形加工中变形引起的加工尺寸偏差不容忽略,在“随形-就近”、“定位与真空吸盘组合”原则下优化装夹可以大幅降低变形引起的尺寸偏差。     

铝合金-聚合物复合层板弯曲回弹理论分析

针对铝合金-聚合物复合层板弯曲回弹问题,分析了复合层板弯曲过程表面层铝板及中心层聚合物的变形特征,建立了复合层板平面应变纯弯曲回弹理论分析模型.采用建立的模型预测了复合层板纯弯曲过程回弹角变化,并与实验结果进行了对比,分析了聚合物层厚度及铝合金板材力学性能对回弹的影响规律.结果表明:随着中心聚合物层厚度的增加,复合层板回弹角降低;随着表面层铝板强度的降低,复合层板回弹角减小.理论预测结果与实验结果一致,说明了本文推导的理论模型的可靠性.     

Constitutive modelling and springback prediction for creep age forming of 2124 aluminium alloy

Abstract

In order to improve the mechanical properties and reduce fabrication cost of large sheet metal parts, creep age forming (CAF) technology was developed, which is a process combined creep forming and heat treatment together. Springback of the workpiece in CAF is directly related to process parameters, such as, aging time, experimental stress and temperature. The aim of this paper is to establish a set of creep constitutive model, which can accurately predict the springback of 2124 aluminium alloy in CAF. A series of creep tests were carried out under different stress levels as 200, 225 and 250 MPa, and different temperatures as 185, 190 and 195°C for the solid solution treated and quenched 2124 aluminium alloy. Based on creep test data, a set of classic creep constitutive equations were established. Some important conclusions were drawn: the fitting curves of the constitutive equations could describe the test data in a good way; the creep strain increases with the increasing aging time, temperature and experimental stress. Then the springback of 2124 aluminium alloy during CAF process were analyzed by the finite element software MSC.Marc. Comparisons between the experiment analyses and finite element models show good correlation, and approve the forecast capability of FEM simulation for springback after CAF. At the end, the influence of process parameters on springback is studied, which provides essential foundation for designer to evaluate scheme and to optimise tool system design.     

Theoretical verification of the displacement adjustment and springforward algorithms for springback compensation

Now that Finite Element springback prediction has become possible, springback compensation can also be carried out in the context of a forming simulation, before actual production tools are made. The Displacement Adjustment (DA) and Springforward (SF) methods were applied to an analytical bar stretch-bending model, in order to gain insight about the influence of material, process and geometrical parameters on springback and compensation. The DA method was investigated in both a one-step and iterative variant. In one-step DA, a compensation factor is required. This factor can be directly calculated for the analytical model. The results can be used as a guideline for industrial processes, where such a calculation is not possible. Finally, it was shown that iterative DA leads to better tool shapes than SF, and that practical and computational problems make the use of SF impossible in an industrial context.     

工件表面微观结构的三维测量技术

通过实例对工件表面微观结构的三维测量技术进行了系统描述,并重点介绍激光造型新工艺以及成型表面的特点,提出"三维评价"法来检验、评定经激光造型后形成的新表面,以替代传统的二维检测方法。另外介绍最近的"自动变焦形貌测量"新技术,可进一步提高检测自动化程度,大大提高检测工作效率。     

Theoretical analysis for three-dimensional integral imaging systems with double devices

By adoption of double-device systems, integral imaging can be enhanced in image depth, viewing angle, or image size. Theoretical analyses are done for the double-image-plane integral imaging systems. Both ray optics analysis and wave optics analysis confirm that the double-device integral imaging systems can pick up and display images at two separate image planes. The analysis results are also valuable in the understanding of the conventional integral imaging systems for image positions off the central depth plane.