聚丙烯基木塑复合材料的老化性能研究

以聚丙烯(PP)作为基体,以木粉作为填料,并分别加入炭黑、钛白粉、氧化铁红等,用注射成型法制备了PP基木塑复合材料(WPC),用烘箱热氧老化法和氙灯老化法研究了颜料对WPC老化性能的影响。结果表明,随着老化时间的增加,无论是否加入颜料,均出现了WPC的拉伸强度和氧化诱导时间减小,熔体流动速率和色差增大的现象;烘箱老化前后,添加钛白粉和氧化铁红的WPC的拉伸强度、氧化诱导时间和色差均较小,熔体流动速率均较大;在氙灯老化条件下,添加颜料的WPC老化后拉伸强度、熔体流动速率、颜色和氧化诱导时间的变化速度均较小。     

聚丙烯红外激光打标性能评价新方法的研究

采用Nd-YAG1064nm激光打标机,在不同参数设计下分别对黑、白两种颜色的聚丙烯进行红外激光打标(图案为20 mm×20 mm的正方形矩阵,每个正方形的边长为1.5 mm),聚丙烯激光打标效果的好坏通过Utra scanXE色差仪来评价,评价指标采用ΔL(材料打标前后的明暗度变化绝对值),ΔE(材料打标前后的色差变化)以及ΔE-ΔL(两者差绝对值)来表示。这种测试方法简单易行,准确可靠,能客观反映出聚丙烯的激光打标效果,同时也可以作为聚合物激光打标性能初步评价的通用方法。     

滑石粉粒径对于染色PP材料热稳定的影响

将20、15、10μm粒径的滑石粉分别按25%含量添加于黄色的染色聚丙烯(PP)材料中,材料在不同温度下进行注塑成型颜色样板,目视观察并利用色差仪扫描样板色差。得出随着温度的升高,色板均呈现变深现象,色差ΔE呈现变大的趋势,并采用DSC示差扫描量热法测得不同粒径滑石粉材料配方的熔融峰。结果表明,10μm滑石粉填充的染色PP材料颜色随注塑成型加工温度的变化最小,色差从190℃的0.42到230℃的1.63,而20μm滑石粉填充的染色PP颜色色差变化最大,从190℃的0.54到230℃的3.13。DSC扫描显示10μm滑石粉填充PP的熔融峰较20μm滑石粉填充PP高2.8℃,10μm滑石粉填充PP材料的颜色热稳定性更好。     

黑色玻纤增强尼龙6激光标记工艺及配方设计

在建立塑料激光标记模型的基础上,以黑色玻纤增强的尼龙6为研究对象,阐明了打标工艺参数、激光标记效果、标记区域微观结构三者的内在关联。发现合适的电流、频率、扫描速率能够引发尼龙6表面均匀起泡,获得亮度较高的标记效果;能量过高,气泡破裂甚至碳化,发黄严重;能量过低,不能诱导产生气泡,无法获得较好标记效果。进而从配方设计的角度出发,分别考察了激光标记助剂433、炭黑UVU对黑色玻纤增强尼龙6浅色标记效果的影响。结果显示,炭黑含量过低,则很难通过调节打标工艺参数获得高质量的标记效果;激光标记助剂的引入,虽然有助于材料吸收能量,但是限制了浅色标记效果亮度的上限。     

色粉对汽车内饰用改性聚丙烯材料性能的影响

开发了以炭黑和群青或酞青蓝为主体的颜色配方,以满足汽车内饰用改性聚丙烯材料全新黑色体系的新要求。以高浓度炭黑为基础配方,探讨不同的群青或酞青蓝色粉含量对材料力学性能、耐刮擦性能、老化性能和散发特性的影响。结果表明：当群青色粉质量分数为1.5%时,改性材料拉伸强度降低5.2%,相同质量分数的酞青蓝色粉因其成核性导致改性材料缺口冲击强度降低15.9%。色粉着色力和耐热性的差异导致改性材料耐刮擦性能和老化性能有所不同,酞青蓝色粉体系改性材料的耐刮擦性能优于群青色粉体系改性材料,而群青色粉体系改性材料的热氧和光老化性能优于酞青蓝色粉体系改性材料。随着群青或酞青蓝色粉的加入,改性材料的气味总体变差,而大量酞青蓝色粉会使材料在高温挥发过程中产生甲苯,污染车内空气。     

百菌清对麦秸秆／PP复合材料耐腐蚀性能的影响

研究了百菌清作为抗菌剂对麦秸秆／PP复合材料耐腐蚀性能的影响,制备5种百菌清含量的麦秸秆／PP复合材料,参照ASTMG21—96对复合材料进行腐蚀实验,并测试腐蚀后麦秸秆／PP复合材料的力学性能、吸水性能、色差以及表面微观结构。结果表明：百菌清添加量为1．25％时,腐蚀后麦秸秆／PP复合材料的综合性能较好,与不添加抗菌剂的复合材料相比,弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、拉伸强度、冲击强度分别提高了13．71％,54．91％,10．46％,47．53％,吸水192h的吸水率降低了23．69％,腐蚀前后色差值则减小了11．56。     

工艺参数对车用聚丙烯复合材料红外激光打标性能的影响

采用Nd-YAG红外激光打标机,在不同参数设计下对车用聚丙烯复合材料进行红外激光打标,考察了各工艺参数对材料激光打标性能的影响,采用色差变化(ΔE)和明暗度变化(ΔL)定量地表征车用聚丙烯复合材料的激光打标效果,筛选出了最佳工艺参数。结果表明,步长、电流和频率是影响车用聚丙烯材料激光打标效果的主要参数,要获得理想的打标效果,参数选择需要控制在合适的范围之内。对于本实验车用聚丙烯复合材料而言,理想的红外激光打标工艺参数为电流14~15 A、频率1~3 kHz、步长0.005 mm。     

一种优异激光打标效果的750℃灼热丝环保阻燃增强改性PBT的研究

选取聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)作为树脂基体,添加适当比例的阻燃剂、玻璃纤维、激光粉和其他助剂,采用双螺杆挤出机可制得一种具有优异激光打标效果的750℃灼热丝环保阻燃增强的PBT改性复合材料。实验结果表明:不同类型的溴系阻燃剂体系和激光粉含量对PBT改性复合材料的激光打标清晰效果有较大影响;不同比例的玻璃纤维对PBT改性复合材料的灼热丝性能、阻燃性能、机械性能、激光打标效果有重要影响。     

黑色无卤阻燃尼龙复合材料激光标识性能的研究

选用磷氮系阻燃尼龙复合材料作为研究对象,建立了激光打标坐标模型和效果评判方法,研究了玻纤含量和激光打标工艺对复合材料激光标识性能的影响,并对比分析了自制激光打标助剂在复合材料中的应用效果情况。结果表明,激光打标助剂和打标工艺对该复合材料激光打标效果有重要影响,其中Laser-B打标助剂应用效果最佳;当Laser-B质量分数为0. 55%,打标参数调整为线间距L=0. 045 mm、功率P=25%及速度V=1 500 mm/s时,材料打标对比度ΔE达到32. 21,实现较好的深色打浅色标识效果。     

汽车仪表盘用遮光聚丙烯的研制

以聚丙烯(PP)为基体树脂,添加滑石粉、钛白粉、碳类遮光助剂及其它助剂,采用熔融共混法制备遮光填充PP材料。考察了滑石粉粒径及含量、复配遮光剂中钛白粉与碳类遮光助剂配比对PP遮光性的影响,以及复配遮光剂FP–3(钛白粉/碳类遮光助剂质量比=99.95/0.05)含量对遮光填充PP材料遮光性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,滑石粉粒径对PP遮光性能的影响与其含量有关,低含量时,滑石粉粒径越小,遮光性越好,高含量时,粒径小的滑石粉反而会降低遮光性。复配遮光剂对PP遮光性的改善效果均优于单一的钛白粉,其中FP–3效果最好。当10μm滑石粉质量分数为40%、FP–3质量分数为5%时,可使壁厚为2 mm的遮光填充PP材料样板达到全遮光效果,拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度和弯曲强度分别为25 MPa,10.3 k J/m~2和35.6 MPa。采用此材料注塑的汽车仪表盘衬板得到客户的认可,遮光性良好,达到了客户的预期目标。     

The effect of various pigments on the rheological behaviour and morphology of polypropylene

In this paper the characteristics of polypropylene (PP) containing pigments are systematically studied. The results show that the flow properties of PP melt, morphological structures, and drawing behaviour of the fibres are obviously affected by the presence of certain pigments dispersed in the PP matrix. The effects of various pigments added in PP display great difference. The flow resistance of PP increases with the addition of phthalocyanine blue, carbon black, and titanium dioxide, but decreases with the presence of BR red and GL orange. The extrudate swell effects of PP melt are intensified by adding these pigments. The yield stress of filaments with rod structure is 80–125% lower than that of filaments with spherulitic structure.     

高压均质机在碳黑、酞菁和铬黄超细工艺中的应用

原先仅用于饮料、食品行业的高压均质机,现已用于分散染料、酸性染料（溴氨酸系列）、直接（三偶氮系列）染料、还原染料、有机颜料和喷墨打印墨水等工业生产中,部分取代了砂磨锅或砂磨机,实现了“超细粉碎”工艺的重大变革。经过二年的探索,在碳黑涂料色浆、酞菁绿涂料色浆、酞菁蓝涂料色浆、紫23涂料色浆以及铬黄颜料超细粉碎、均质处理工艺中,应用高压均质机也取得了令人欣喜的成功。但必须选用专门为染料、颜料行业配套的超高压均质机,使用压力必须在80Mpa（俗称800公斤）以上,同时还必须在涂料色浆的配比中加入具有润湿、助磨和分散性能的分散剂。才能使产品的着色强度、流变性、贮存稳定性达到质量标准。试验结果表明,经高压均质机处理后的涂料色浆内的碳黑、颜料的粒径均达到2μm,且粒径分布均匀。除正确选用超高压均质机外,分散剂选择也极为重要。     

The effect of colorants on the properties of rotomolded polyethylene parts

An experimental study is reported on the effect of colorants on the warpage, shrinkage, and mechanical properties of rotomolded polyethylene (PE) parts. Five pigments were investigated (titanium dioxide white, cadmium oxide yellow, iron oxide red, carbon black, and phthalocyanine blue). Their concentration was in the range of 0.11 to 0.36 wt%. The pigments were added to the linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) by various techniques, dry blended in low intensity or high intensity mixer or compounded with a single-screw extruder. Some blends also contained 0.077 wt% zinc stearate as surfactant. It was found that zinc stearate surfactant in the dry blend increases warpage by about a factor of 2 and shrinkage by ˜ 30%, but color quality and powder handling properties are improved. The dry-blended pigments concentrate along the fusion lines of the PE particles in rotomolded parts, which results in >50% decrease of impact strength with some pigment-surfactant combinations. Mold pressurization minimizes warpage and shrinkage, but causes no significant improvement in impact resistance. Impact resistance can be improved by using compounded pigments or making two-layer parts with a pigmented outer and unpigmented inner layer.     

着色剂对软质聚氯乙烯脱氯化氢反应的影响

采用刚果红法研究了着色剂的品种和用量对软质聚氯乙烯（PVC）脱氯化氢反应的影响,重点探讨了炭黑的品种和用量、二氧化钛的品种与用量、其他着色剂以及荧光增白剂OB等助剂对聚氯乙烯脱氯化氢反应的影响。实验结果表明：着色剂对软质PVC的脱氯化氢反应有影响,其中BBC大红、BBN大红、永固紫、柠檬铬黄对软质PVC脱氯化氢反应有明显的抑制作用,群青、酞菁绿、酞菁蓝、永固黄G对软质PVC脱氯化氢反应时间的影响不明显,镉黄和氧化铁红对软质PVC的脱氯化氢反应有较小的促进作用。炭黑的品种对软质PVC的脱氯化氢反应有影响,其中N330炭黑对抑制软质PVC的初期脱氯化氢反应效果最好,同时对抑制软质PVC的脱氯化氢反应速度最有效;而喷雾炭黑则相反。荧光增自剂OB的用量对软质PVC脱氯化氢反应的抑制作用不明显。     

Effect of different carbon fillers on the properties of PP composites: Comparison of carbon black with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Polypropylene (PP)/carbon composites were prepared via melt blending PP with carbon fillers, including multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and carbon black (CB). Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy was used to research the morphology and dispersion of fillers in the PP matrix. The electrical properties, mechanical properties, and crystallization behaviors of PP/carbon composites were also investigated. The results show that the influence of MWNTs on the properties of PP composites is different with CB, which can be ascribed to the structure and aspect ratio difference between MWNTs and CB. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:4823–4830, 2006     

无机反射隔热颜料的制备及性能研究

采用焙烧法制备了4种无机反射隔热颜料钛铬黄、铬绿、钴蓝和铁黑,通过X射线衍射技术（XRD）、激光粒径粒度分析仪、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计等对颜料进行了表征。最后将制得的颜料制备成涂料与普通颜料进行隔热性能对比测试。结果表明,所制颜料具有优异的太阳光反射性能,TSR值可达30％-67％;应用在涂料中可有效提高涂料自身的反射隔热性能,相对普通颜料,温度可降低6～30℃,节约能耗15％～40％。     

UV固化工艺制备新型聚氨酯丙烯酸酯人造大理石

以PUA(聚氨酯丙烯酸酯)为基体、炭黑和白炭黑为颜填料,采用UV(紫外光)固化工艺制备出一种新型PUA类人造大理石。研究结果表明:新型人造大理石将传统的成型过程及表面处理环节整合为一步法,极大简化了传统人造大理石的生产工艺;PUA本身具有良好的耐擦伤性、柔韧性、撕裂强度、光学性能和耐候性能,引入炭黑和白炭黑后可进一步增加涂层的硬度和抗冲击强度;以炭黑和白炭黑作为基本色,通过调节两者比例可配制出不同灰度的涂层,并且涂层的基本性能不受影响;该人造大理石具有良好的耐干热性能、耐化学腐蚀性能和耐污染性能,其光泽度为89%～92%,并且表面平整、光滑、饱满且装饰效果极好。     

Comparison of the performance of masterbatch and liquid color concentrates for mass coloration of polypropylene

The properties of polypropylene (PP) mixed with masterbatch (MB) and liquid color concentrates (LCC), respectively, were compared by preparing samples of PP with MB and PP with LCC and neat PP as a reference material using 1–4 extrusion cycles. Two colors were examined, i.e., a white color consisting of pigment white 6, and a green color consisting of pigment white 6, pigment blue 15:3, and pigment green 7. The color difference between PP prepared with MB and LCC was determined and the mechanical, rheological, and crystalline properties of PP prepared with MB and LCC were found to be generic. The color of PP obtained from MB and LCC were comparable. Further, it was found that the tensile strength, the viscosity, and the crystal structure obtained were similar when using LCC instead of MB. The viscosity of the treated PP generally decreased with increasing extruder retention time due to thermal degradation. The tensile strength and the crystal structure were independent of increased extruder retention time. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 484–492, 2016     

Influence of the Wavelength on Laser Marking on ABS Filled with Carbon Black

The laser marking of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene filled with carbon black was studied using either an infrared or ultraviolet laser. The influence of the amount of additive on the final contrast of marks was studied for the two differentiated wavelengths. Both lasers exhibit different marking mechanisms, according to color properties, topography, and spectroscopic analysis of the marks. The infrared laser induced a thermally foaming effect and the ultraviolet laser seemed to induce a photochemical effect with the polymer matrix and removal of carbon black. The highest contrast was achieved with the infrared laser and contents of 0.1% carbon black.