Robust smart‐card‐based remote user password authentication scheme

Smart‐card‐based remote user password authentication schemes are commonly used for providing authorized users a secure method for remotely accessing resources over insecure networks. In 2009, Xu et al. proposed a smart‐card‐based password authentication scheme. They claimed their scheme can withstand attacks when the information stored on the smart card is disclosed. Recently, Sood et al. and Song discovered that the smart‐card‐based password authentication scheme of Xu et al. is vulnerable to impersonation and internal attacks. They then proposed their respective improved schemes. However, we found that there are still flaws in their schemes: the scheme of Sood et al. does not achieve mutual authentication and the secret key in the login phase of Song's scheme is permanent and thus vulnerable to stolen‐smart‐card and off‐line guessing attacks. In this paper, we will propose an improved and efficient smart‐card‐based password authentication and key agreement scheme. According to our analysis, the proposed scheme not only maintains the original secret requirement but also achieves mutual authentication and withstands the stolen‐smart‐card attack. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Lightweight and provably secure user authentication with anonymity for the global mobility network

Seamless roaming in the global mobility network (GLOMONET) is highly desirable for mobile users, although their proper authentication is challenging. This is because not only are wireless networks susceptible to attacks, but also mobile terminals have limited computational power. Recently, some authentication schemes with anonymity for the GLOMONET have been proposed. This paper shows some security weaknesses in those schemes. Furthermore, a lightweight and provably secure user authentication scheme with anonymity for the GLOMONET is proposed. It uses only symmetric cryptographic and hash operation primitives for secure authentication. Besides, it takes only four message exchanges among the user, foreign agent and home agent. We also demonstrate that this protocol enjoys important security attributes including prevention of various attacks, single registration, user anonymity, user friendly, no password/verifier table, and use of one‐time session key between mobile user and foreign agent. The security properties of the proposed protocol are formally validated by a model checking tool called AVISPA. Furthermore, as one of the new features in our protocol, it can defend smart card security breaches. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Threshold password authentication against guessing attacks in Ad hoc networks

Password authentication has been accepted as one of the commonly used solutions in network environment to protect resources from unauthorized access. The emerging mobile Ad hoc network, however, has called for new requirements for designing authentication schemes due to its dynamic nature and vulnerable-to-attack structure, which the traditional schemes overlooked, such as availability and strong security against off line guessing attacks in face of node compromise. In this paper, we propose a threshold password authentication scheme, which meets both availability and strong security requirements in the mobile Ad hoc networks. In our scheme, t out of n server nodes can jointly achieve mutual authentication with a registered user within only two rounds of message exchanges. Our scheme allows users to choose and change their memorable password without subjecting to guessing attacks. Moreover, there is no password table in the server nodes end, which is preferable since mobile nodes are usually memory-restricted devices. We also show that our scheme is efficient to be implemented in mobile devices.     

An efficient authentication system of smart device using multi factors in mobile cloud service architecture

Mobile cloud computing environments have overcome the performance limitation of mobile devices and provide use environments not restricted by places. However, user information protection mechanisms are required because of both the security vulnerability of mobile devices and the security vulnerability of cloud computing. In this paper, a multifactor mobile device authentication system is proposed to provide safety, efficiency, and user convenience for mobile device use in cloud service architectures. This system improves security by reinforcing the user authentication required before using cloud computing services. Furthermore, to reinforce user convenience, the system proposed increases the strength of authentication keys by establishing multiple factors for authentication. For efficient entries in mobile device use environments, this system combines mobile device identification number entries, basic ID/password type authentication methods, and the authentication of diverse user bio‐information. This system also enhances authentication efficiency by processing the authentication factors of a user's authentication attempt in a lump instead of one by one in the cloud computing service environment. These authentication factors can be continuously added, and this authentication system provides authentication efficiency even when authentication factors are added. The main contribution is to improve high security level by through authentication of mobile devices with multifactors simultaneously and to use the mobile cloud service architecture for its efficient processing with respect to execution time of it. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Two-factor authenticated key agreement protocol based on biometric feature and password

A new two-factor authenticated key agreement protocol based on biometric feature and password was proposed.The protocol took advantages of the user’s biological information and password to achieve the secure communication without bringing the smart card.The biometric feature was not stored in the server by using the fuzzy extractor technique,so the sensitive information of the user cannot be leaked when the server was corrupted.The authentication messages of the user were protected by the server’s public key,so the protocol can resist the off-line dictionary attack which often appears in the authentication protocols based on password.The security of the proposed protocol was given in the random oracle model provided the elliptic computational Diffie-Hellman assumption holds.The performance analysis shows the proposed protocol has better security.     

A Secure and Effective Anonymous Authentication Scheme for Roaming Service in Global Mobility Networks

Recently, Mun et al. analyzed Wu et al.’s authentication scheme and proposed an enhanced anonymous authentication scheme for roaming service in global mobility networks. However, through careful analysis, we find that Mun et al.’s scheme is vulnerable to impersonation attacks and insider attacks, and cannot provide user friendliness, user’s anonymity, proper mutual authentication and local verification. To remedy these weaknesses, we propose a novel anonymous authentication scheme for roaming service in global mobility networks. Compared with previous related works, our scheme has many advantages. Firstly, the secure authenticity of the scheme is formally validated by an useful formal model called BAN logic. Secondly, the scheme enjoys many important security attributes including prevention of various attacks, user anonymity, no verification table, local password verification and so on. Thirdly, the scheme does not use timestamp, thus it avoids the clock synchronization problem. Further, the scheme contains the authentication and establishment of session key scheme when mobile user is located in his/her home network, therefore it is more practical and universal for global mobility networks. Finally, performance and cost analysis show our scheme is more suitable for low-power and resource limited mobile devices and thus availability for real implementation.     

基于生物特征和混沌映射的多服务器身份认证方案

基于密码的用户远程认证系统已被广泛应用,近年来的研究发现,单一口令系统容易遭受字典分析、暴力破解等攻击,安全性不高.生物特征与密码相结合的认证方式逐渐加入远程认证系统中,以提高认证系统的安全水平.但现有认证系统通常工作在单一服务器环境中,扩展到多服务器环境中时会遇到生物特征模板和密码容易被单点突破、交叉破解的问题.为了克服以上问题,提出了一种基于生物特征和混沌映射的多服务器密钥认证方案,该方案基于智能卡、密码和生物特征,可明显提高多服务器身份认证系统的安全性及抗密码猜解的能力.     

An improved remote password authentication scheme with smart card

This paper analyzes the security performance of a latest proposed remote two-factor user authentication scheme and proposes an improved scheme based on the dynamic ID to avoid the attacks it suffers. Besides this, in our proposed scheme the password is no longer involved in the calculation of verification phase which makes our scheme more secure and costs less than the old one. At last we analyze the performance of our proposed scheme to prove it provides mutual authentication between the user and the server. Moreover, it also resists password guessing attack, server and user masquerade attack and replay attack effectively.     

基于矢积的远程口令鉴别方案

本文提出了一种基于矢积的远程口令鉴别方案.本方案中,合法用户在智能卡初始化时可以自由地选取自己的口令.用户利用智能卡以及口令便可成功地登录到远程系统.根据分析,攻击者不能从公开或传送的信息中获得用户秘密信息,也不能冒充别的合法用户.此外,本方案还能抵抗登录请求的重播.本方案所需的计算量大大地小于C-H方案.     

Design and Validation of an Efficient Authentication Scheme with Anonymity for Roaming Service in Global Mobility Networks

Designing a user authentication protocol with anonymity for the global mobility network (GLOMONET) is a difficult task because wireless networks are susceptible to attacks and each mobile user has limited power, processing and storage resources. In this paper, a secure and lightweight user authentication protocol with anonymity for roaming service in the GLOMONET is proposed. Compared with other related approaches, our proposal has many advantages. Firstly, it uses low-cost functions such as one-way hash functions and exclusive-OR operations to achieve security goals. Having this feature, it is more suitable for battery-powered mobile devices. Secondly, it uses nonces instead of timestamps to avoid the clock synchronization problem. Therefore, an additional clock synchronization mechanism is not needed. Thirdly, it only requires four message exchanges between the user, foreign agent and home agent. Further, the security properties of our protocol are formally validated by a model checking tool called AVISPA. We also demonstrate that this protocol enjoys important security attributes including prevention of various attacks, single registration, user anonymity, no password table, and high efficiency in password authentication. Security and performance analyses show that compared with other related authentication schemes, the proposed scheme is more secure and efficient.     

Cryptanalysis and security enhancement of a robust two‐factor authentication and key agreement protocol

Two‐factor user authentication scheme allows a user to use a smart card and a password to achieve mutual authentication and establish a session key between a server and a user. In 2012, Chen et al. showed that the scheme of Sood et al. does not achieve mutual authentication and is vulnerable to off‐line password guessing and smart card stolen attacks. They also found that another scheme proposed by Song is vulnerable to similar off‐line password guessing and smart card stolen attacks. They further proposed an improved scheme. In this paper, we first show that the improved scheme of Chen et al. still suffers from off‐line password guessing and smart card stolen attacks, does not support perfect forward secrecy, and lacks the fairness of session key establishment. We then propose a new security‐enhanced scheme and show its security and authentication using the formal verification tool ProVerif, which is based on applied pi calculus. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cryptanalysis of a dynamic ID‐based remote user authentication with key agreement scheme

A dynamic user authentication scheme allows a user and a remote server to authenticate each other without leaking the user's identity. In 2011, Wen and Li proposed an improved dynamic ID‐based remote user authentication with key agreement scheme for mobile and home networks. They claimed that their scheme was more secure than the scheme of Wang et al. However, we demonstrate that their scheme is vulnerable to the privileged insider, off‐line password guessing, impersonation, and server spoofing attacks. At the same time, it does not provide any user anonymity and forward secrecy property. Thus, it is not feasible for real‐life implementation.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An anonymous and provably secure authentication scheme for mobile user

Chebyshev chaotic map is an important tool used in the domain of cryptography to develop different schemes for numerous applications. In 2014, Lin put forwarded a mobile user authentication system using dynamic identity and chaotic map. Lin declared that the scheme offers mutual authentication and session key agreement between user and server. Moreover, they stated that the scheme offers user anonymity and resilience against known attacks. However, we carefully examined Lin's scheme and found that it is no longer usable for practical applications as (i) it has no facility to identify the wrong password and identity, which are inputted by the user during login and password update phases, (ii) it has no facility to protect user impersonation attack, and (iii) it has the problem of session key forward secrecy. We put forwarded an enhanced scheme based on extended chaotic map to repair the fragilities of Lin's scheme. We formally examined the security of our scheme and demonstrated that it is provably secured in random oracle model. Further, we presented some informal cryptanalysis to make sure that the enhanced scheme is secure from known attacks. Our scheme is also computation efficient against other competitive protocols. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种增强的智能卡口令鉴别方案

分析了Zhang等提出的身份鉴别方案,指出了其不能抵抗离线口令猜测攻击,以及在登录阶段和验证阶段存在设计缺陷等问题.然后在保留其优点的基础之上,通过引入随机数和增加登录请求信息的方法,提出了一种更加安全可靠的口令认证协议方案.安全性分析结果表明,该方案能够有效抵抗离线口令猜测攻击和假冒攻击,可以实现双向鉴别等特点,增强了系统的安全性和实用性.     

A novel user’s authentication scheme for pervasive on-line media services

Due to the explosive growth of the Internet and the pervasion of multimedia, protection of intellectual property (IP) rights of digital content in transactions induces people’s concerns. Current security requirements and copyright protection mechanisms especially need to work in real-time and on-line for communication and networking. For media service systems in the Internet, user’s authentication is most essential in association with the access control of the media system. The authentication scheme is a trivial but crucial issue for maintaining user’s information. Up to now, many one-time password-based authentication schemes have been proposed. However, none is secure enough. The purpose of a one-time password (OTP) is to make it more difficult to gain unauthorized access to restricted resources. Traditionally static passwords can more easily be obtained by an unauthorized intruder given enough attempts and time. By constantly altering the password, as is done with a one-time password, this risk can be greatly reduced. These schemes are specially fit for media services in the Internet since they will frustrate the attacker’s attempt. Lin, Shen and Hwang proposed a strong-password authentication scheme in association with one-time password by using smart cards, and claimed their scheme can resist guess attack, replay attack, impersonation attack and stolen attack. Later, Ku, Tsai, and Chen showed that Lin-Shen-Hwang’s scheme suffers from a replay attack and a denial-of-service attack. Furthermore, Ku proposed a hash-based strong-password authentication scheme to enhance the security. In this paper, we show the weaknesses and devise some attacks against Ku’s scheme. Then, we revise Ku’s scheme and propose a novel user’s authentication scheme in pervasive on-line media services for current communication and networking.     

Mobile device integration of a fingerprint biometric remote authentication scheme

Various user authentication schemes with smart cards have been proposed. Generally, researchers implicitly assume that the contents of a smart card cannot be revealed. However, this is not true. An attacker can analyze the leaked information and obtain the secret values in a smart card. To improve on this drawback, we involve a fingerprint biometric and password to enhance the security level of the remote authentication scheme Our scheme uses only hashing functions to implement a robust authentication with a low computation property. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Biometric-based Remote Mutual Authentication Scheme for Mobile Device

Remote user authentication schemes provide a system to verify the legitimacy of remote users’ authentication request over insecure communication channel. In the past years, many authentication schemes using password and smart card have been proposed. However, password might be guessed, leaked or forgotten and smart card might be shared, lost or stolen. In contrast, the biometrics which utilize biological characteristics, such as face, fingerprint or iris, have no such weakness. With the trend of mobile payment, more and more applications of mobile payment use biometrics to replace password and smart card. In this paper, we propose a biometric-based remote authentication scheme substituting biometric and mobile device bounded by user for password and smart card. This scheme is more convenient, suitable and securer than the schemes using smart cards on mobile payment environment.

     

End-to-End Security Protocol for Mobile Communications with End-User Identification/Authentication

As great progress has been made in mobile communications, many related researches on this topic have been proposed. In most of the proposed protocols so far, it has been assumed that the person using the mobile station is the registrar of the SIM card; as a matter of, the previous protocols for authentication and session key distribution are built upon this assumption. This way, the mobile user can only verify the identity of the owner of the SIM card. This means that the mobile user can only know that who registers the SIM card with which he communicates. Note that the human voice can be forged. To make sure that the speaker at the other end is the right owner of the SIM card, concept of the password is involved to construct the end-to-end security authentication protocol. In the proposed protocol, each mobile user can choose a password. When two mobile users want to communicate with each other, either user can request to perform a end-user identification process. Only when both of the end users input the correct passwords can the correct common session key be established.     

远程用户身份鉴别方案分析与改进

2009年,Liao—Wang提出了一种基于智能卡的典型远程用户身份鉴别方案,经分析证明该方案存在安全脆弱性,容易受到离线口令猜测攻击,攻击者伪装成服务器的攻击,域内合法用户伪装成域内其他用户的攻击。之后提出了一种安全改进方案,解决了上述脆弱性问题,具有可靠的安全性。     

A lightweight anonymous two‐factor authentication protocol for wireless sensor networks in Internet of Vehicles

Internet of Vehicles (IoV), as the next generation of transportation systems, tries to make highway and public transportation more secure than used to be. In this system, users use public channels for their communication so they can be the victims of passive or active attacks. Therefore, a secure authentication protocol is essential for IoV; consequently, many protocols are presented to provide secure authentication for IoV. In 2018, Yu et al proposed a secure authentication protocol for WSNs in vehicular communications and claimed that their protocol could satisfy all crucial security features of a secure authentication protocol. Unfortunately, we found that their protocol is susceptible to sensor capture attack, user traceability attack, user impersonation attack, and offline sink node's secret key guessing attack. In this paper, we propose a new authentication protocol for IoV which can solve the weaknesses of Yu et al's protocol. Our protocol not only provides anonymous user registration phase and revocation smart card phase but also uses the biometric template in place of the password. We use both Burrow‐Abadi‐Needham (BAN) logic and real‐or‐random (ROR) model to present the formal analysis of our protocol. Finally, we compare our protocol with other existing related protocols in terms of security features and computation overhead. The results prove that our protocol can provide more security features and it is usable for IoV system.