串扰感知的空分弹性光网络频谱转换器稀疏配置和资源分配方法

针对大容量多芯光纤空分复用弹性光网络(SDM-EON)中芯间串扰导致业务传输质量下降和阻塞率上升的问题,该文提出了节点稀疏配置频谱转换器降低芯间串扰的路由纤芯频谱分配方法。该方法根据网络中节点中介中心性稀疏配置频谱转换器。在业务路由阶段,设计综合考虑光路负载和节点频谱转换能力的光路选择的权重方法;为了降低串扰,在纤芯频谱分配阶段,设计纤芯分组和频谱分区分配方法;最后,针对串扰较大的业务,采用频谱转换以降低业务串扰和改善带宽阻塞率。仿真结果表明,所提算法能有效地提高频谱利用率,降低因芯间串扰导致的带宽阻塞率。     

基于可重构网络的节能方法的研究

针对当前IP网络的节能算法实用性不强的问题,根据可重构网络路由配置由中心服务器统一管理的架构特点,基于网络中的OSPF协议探测结果,提出了可重构网络下的节能方法。该方法首先运用改进的OSPF协议的路由算法定位出可被关闭的候选链路集合,接着应用多商品流模型重映射该集合中某些链路的流量到其他的物理路径,从而能够关闭候选链路集合中的空负荷链路实现网络的节能。通过实验模拟验证了该算法的节能效益,并给出了可重构网络中的节能算法与认可度极高的节能方法——GreenTE异同点。     

弹性光网络中面向任播业务的节能路由算法

为提高数据中心间光互联网络的能效,面向任播业务提出一种具有业务持续时间感知的混合路径传输节能路由算法.为了减少新建光路和工作元器件数量,优先采用单路径传输;若业务阻塞则以传输能耗最小化为目标进行多路径传输.除此之外,引入基于频谱预留的业务疏导策略来降低保护带宽和光收发器的开销.仿真结果表明:与传统节能路由算法相比,所提算法在显著降低网络能耗的同时,有效避免了业务阻塞率的过度增加,实现了网络能耗与性能的平衡.     

IP over WDM网络最小功耗模型和休眠机制研究

针对IP over WDM网络,建立了整数线性规划(ILP)最小功耗模型,计算了满足峰值业务需要开启的设备数目;对于低峰业务提出休眠机制,分别利用最小光路数算法与最小跳数算法,在保证连接无阻塞的情况下找出空闲设备,对比峰值业务得到不同算法下的设备使用率,确定IP over WDM网络的节能潜力。结果表明,ILP优化模型的网络功耗最小,最小光路数算法次之;低峰业务下利用休眠机制可以关闭设备的比例占40%～60%;采用最小光路数算法的休眠机制节能效果较优。     

支持ONU模块独立不连续收发数据的节能方法

为有效解决绿色无源光网络中的节能效果与时延性能的矛盾,提出一种支持ONU模块独立不连续收发数据的节能方法。通过光网络单元的模块化,各能耗模块独立地切换睡眠或唤醒模式,从而在规定时隙内实现不连续地收发数据;通过子周期划分,将实时业务集中到第一个子周期内收发,提升了网络的总体服务质量;提出完全独立的上下行带宽分配算法,使所提方法在流量上下行不对称的应用场景更具优势。仿真表明,所提方法在保证业务时延性能的前提下,网络的能耗得到进一步降低。     

IPoverWDM光网络中基于滑动调度业务模型的节能业务量疏导算法研究(英文)

In this paper,we investigate on the problem of energy-efficient traffic grooming under sliding scheduled traffic model for IP over WDM optical networks,so as to minimize the total energy consumption of the core network.We present a two-layer auxiliary graph model and propose a new energyefficient traffic grooming heuristic named Two-Dimension Green Traffic Grooming(TDGTG) algorithm,which takes both space and time factors into consideration for network energy efficiency.We compare our proposed TDGTG algorithm with the previous traffic grooming algorithms for scheduled traffic model in terms of total energy consumption and blocking probability.The simulation results in three typical carrier topologies show the efficiency of our proposed TDGTD algorithm.     

弹性光网络双重故障下的自适应保护级别算法

为了降低弹性光网络中双链路故障保护下的业务及带宽阻塞率、均衡带宽资源分配,提出了一种双重故障下的自适应保护级别算法。该算法综合考虑传输距离、调制格式等因素,根据链路频谱资源使用状态动态地更新链路惩罚系数,选取最佳路径进行传输,同时根据请求类型及网络空闲资源状态自适应地选择保护方法,为业务提供最大限度的保护。仿真结果表明,在双链路故障下,算法在阻塞率方面取得了较好的性能,同时均衡了网络中各链路上的资源使用。     

基于混沌理论与改进回声状态网络的网络流量多步预测

网络流量预测是网络管理及网络拥塞控制的重要问题,针对该问题提出一种基于混沌理论与改进回声状态网络的网络流量预测方法。首先利用0-1混沌测试法与最大Lyapunov指数法对不同时间尺度下的网络流量样本数据进行分析,确定网络流量在不同时间尺度下都具有混沌特性。将相空间重构技术引入网络流量预测,通过C-C方法确定延迟时间,G-P算法确定嵌入维数。对网络流量时间序列进行相空间重构之后,利用一种改进的回声状态网络进行网络流量的多步预测。提出一种改进的和声搜索优化算法对回声状态网络的相关参数进行优化以提高预测精度。利用网络流量的公共数据集以及实际数据进行了仿真,结果表明,提出的预测方法具有更高的预测精度以及更小的预测误差。     

IP over WDM网络中业务持续时间感知的绿色路由算法

研究了IP over WDM网络的低碳路由问题,综合 考虑业务持续时间和利用可再生能源和传统能源供能两个 因素,基于分层图模型,提出一种带有业务持续时间感知的绿色路由(HTAGR)算法。HTAGR 依据节点处太阳能 供能情况以及节点和链路的能耗情况动态调整链路权值,并鼓励选择业务持续时间内需要额 外消耗传统能源最少的 路径建立连接。仿真结果表明,与传统节能路由算法相比,HTAGR 有利于消耗更少的传统能 源和使用更多的可再 生能源,在保持较低阻塞率的同时,进一步降低了业务平均传统能耗和CO₂排放量。     

Improved LEACH protocol algorithm for WSN based on energy balance and high efficiency

The improved energy-saving algorithm for the energy efficient and balanced protocol (LEACH-improved) was proposed.In the algorithm,the residual energy factor,the distance factor and the node density factor was added to improve the threshold formula.Moreover,in the various application scenarios of WSN,based on the different effects on the selection of cluster heads caused by the residual energy and geographical location,the weighting factor was introduced.Results of simulation experiments show that the improved algorithm can effectively reduce the network energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime.     

Active intra-ONU scheduling with proportional guaranteed bandwidth in long-reach EPONs

The unused slot remainder (USR) problem in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks and long-reach Passive Optical Networks (LR-PONs) results in both a lower bandwidth utilization and a greater packet delay. In a previous study by the current group, an Active intra-ONU Scheduling with predictive queue report scheme was proposed for resolving the USR problem by predicting the granted bandwidth in advance based on the arrival traffic estimates of the optical network units (ONUs). However, it was found that the higher bandwidth prediction error in the proposed scheme prevents the network performance from being improved. Accordingly, the present study proposes a non-predictive-based ONU scheduling method designated as Active intra-ONU Scheduling with proportional guaranteed bandwidth (ASPGB) to improve the performance of LR-PONs. In the proposed method, the maximum guaranteed bandwidth of each ONU is adapted dynamically in accordance with the ratio of the ONU traffic load to the overall system load. Importantly, the proposed dynamic bandwidth allocation approach reduces the dependence of the network performance on the granted bandwidth prediction since the maximum guaranteed bandwidth determined by the Optical Line Terminal more closely approaches the actual bandwidth demand of each ONU. To solve the idle time problem arising in the event of an excess bandwidth reallocation, ASPGB is integrated with an improved early allocation (IEA) algorithm (a kind of Just-In-Time scheduling). The simulation results show that the IEA-ASPGB scheme outperforms previously published methods in terms of bandwidth utilization and average packet delay under both balanced and unbalanced traffic load conditions.     

三层动态网络联合优化选路算法

 IP/MPLS over WDM被认为是下一代互联网络的最理想解决方案,但是在目前以及以后的很长一段时间内,网络结构仍然是IP/MPLS over SDH over WDM这样三层网络共存的情况。为了能够有效降低三层动态网络中的业务阻塞率,本文提出了三层动态网络联合优化选路算法。该算法分为两种模式,在模式1中,上层网络中被阻塞的业务可以开放的利用下层网络的空闲资源;在模式2中,将三层网络整合成为一个网络,在这个综合网络中为每一个业务进行选路。为了能够实时的传输每一个到达的动态业务,在这两种模式中采用蚁群策略为动态业务进行选路,提出了一个新的前向蚂蚁路径选择概率模型以及路径质量评判参数,使得所选的路径能兼顾链路利用率和路径跳数。仿真实验表明,同其他算法相比,本文提出的算法可以有效地降低三层动态网络的阻塞率。     

Combined ICA and FCA Schemes for a Hierarchical Network

A combined idle channel assignment (ICA) and fixed channel assignment (FCA) scheme is proposed to improve the traffic performance in a hierarchical network. This dual-mode network integrates the Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) modes of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) and Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) in a given cell. This approach includes a high traffic load area and a blocked area as an example to evaluate the traffic performance. The ICA threshold and network timeout period effects on the traffic performance of this integrated dual-mode network are also investigated. The analytical results show that the handoff failure probabilities of the integrated dual-mode network can be reduced significantly with a minimal increase in the new call blocking probability when the combined ICA and FCA scheme replaces the FCA scheme. The integrated dual-mode network using the combined ICA and FCA scheme also increases the carried traffic. The traffic performance improvements for non-uniformly generated new calls are more significant than those for uniformly generated new calls when the combined ICA and FCA scheme is used. An increase in the high ICA threshold will result in an increase in the total carried traffic and an increase in the new call blocking and handoff failure probabilities for higher-tiered and low-tiered systems located in the high traffic load area. The traffic performance was evaluated using the discrete time simulation method to validate the analysis results.     

认知无线电中基于感知门限的频谱预测研究

频谱感知为未获得频谱授权的次用户提供频谱空穴,并监测主用户以防止对其造成干扰。然而频谱感知会带来时间和能量消耗,采用准确、主动的频谱预测技术可以改善频谱感知过程。文中通过研究感知门限对平均感知时间和频谱利用率的影响,提出了基于感知门限的频谱预测-感知机制,并利用频谱预测结果按照空闲概率从大到小的顺序进行感知。仿真结果表明,文中所提出的机制能够减少感知时间并提高频谱利用率。     

Network traffic prediction method based on improved ABC algorithm optimized EM-ELM

In order to overcome the poor generalization ability and low accuracy of traditional network traffic prediction methods, a prediction method based on improved artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm optimized error minimized extreme learning machine (EM-ELM) is proposed. EM-ELM has good generalization ability. But many useless neurons in EM-ELM have little influences on the final network output, and reduce the efficiency of the algorithm. Based on the EM-ELM, an improved ABC algorithm is introduced to optimize the parameters of the hidden layer nodes, decrease the number of useless neurons. Network complexity is reduced. The efficiency of the algorithm is improved. The stability and convergence property of the proposed prediction method are proved. The proposed prediction method is used in the prediction of network traffic. In the simulation, the actual collected network traffic is used as the research object. Compared with other prediction methods, the simulation results show that the proposed prediction method reduces the training time of the prediction model, decreases the number of hidden layer nodes. The proposed prediction method has higher prediction accuracy and reliable performance. At the same time, the performance indicators are improved.     

基于拓扑划分的片上网络快速映射算法

该文针对片上网络建立了以能耗和流量均衡为优化目标的映射模型,提出一种基于拓扑划分的快速映射算法(TPBMAP)。该算法不仅考虑芯片的布局特性从而产生规整的拓扑,还采用虚拟IP核技术修正通信核图以完成IP核和网络节点数不等的映射;通过引入以流量均衡为目标的优化模型同时将通信量大的IP核映射到拓扑边缘区域,有效地降低了网络中心的流量;采用迭代的拓扑划分方法以及将通信量大的IP核映射到网络相邻位置,可快速完成低能耗映射。仿真结果表明,相比现有算法,该文提出的算法在映射速度、全网能耗以及网络中心流量等方面有较大优势。     

Fast light-path set-up protocol for optical flow switching

In order to decrease the blocking probability of fast light-path set-up in the network, a novel strategy for optical flow switching is proposed, named dynamically initialized wavelength number protocol （DIWP）, which can dynamically change the initialized wavelength number according to the traffic load of the network. Computer simulations are conducted to analyze the performance of the proposed strategy, which is based on forward reservation backward release （FRBR） mechanism. The results show that the initialized wavelength number can affect the blocking probability of the network.     

Energy-efficient bandwidth allocation in wireless networks: algorithms, analysis, and simulations

In this paper, we present a new energy-efficient bandwidth allocation scheme for wireless networks. First of all, we investigate the intrinsic relationship between the energy consumption and transmission rates of mobile terminals, in which transmission rate is determined through channel allocations. Then, we propose two schemes for connection admission control: victim selection algorithm (VSA) and beneficiary selection algorithm (BSA) with the intent to reduce energy consumption of each terminal. Moreover, we introduce an adjustment algorithm to statistically meet the demands for quality of service (QoS) during the resource allocation. The performance of the proposed schemes is evaluated with respect to energy consumption rate of each successfully transmitted bit, throughput and call blocking probabilities. An extensive analysis and simulation study is conducted for Poisson and self-similar, multi-class traffic.     

IP over WDM网络中能耗自感知的混合疏导专有保护算法

针对绿色生存性IP over WDM网络中资源开销大、网络阻塞率高的问题,提出一种能耗自感知的混合疏导专有保护(HG-PA-DPP)算法。首先在IP层的核心路由器对低粒度业务请求集中疏导;然后通过实时感知WDM层的链路负载和双层器件带来的链路能耗状态定义链路权值,基于分层图在不同波长平面上为各业务请求寻找权值小且链路分离的工作路径和保护路径,同时在业务的中间节点处对不需要光-电-光转换的光路进行光旁路处理;最后,将空闲或保护资源设置为休眠模式以实现节能。仿真结果表明,所提算法在高负载时有着更好的节能效果,且在大网络拓扑下资源开销(RO)为传统算法的76.5%,阻塞率(BP)仅为传统算法的61.1%。     

一种基于联邦学习资源需求预测的虚拟网络功能迁移算法

针对网络切片场景下时变网络流量引起的虚拟网络功能(VNF)迁移问题,该文提出一种基于联邦学习的双向门控循环单元(FedBi-GRU)资源需求预测的VNF迁移算法。该算法首先建立系统能耗和负载均衡的VNF迁移模型,然后提出一种基于分布式联邦学习框架协作训练预测模型,并在此框架的基础上设计基于在线训练的双向门控循环单元(Bi-GRU)算法预测VNF的资源需求。基于资源预测结果,联合系统能耗优化和负载均衡,提出一种分布式近端策略优化(DPPO)的迁移算法提前制定VNF迁移策略。仿真结果表明,两种算法的结合有效地降低了网络系统能耗并保证负载均衡。