虚拟计算环境下面向应用的基于信任的资源匹配模型

为了解决虚拟计算环境中的资源合理调度问题,提出了一种基于信任的资源匹配模型--“资源滑动窗口”模型。首先对资源的静态属性进行分类,然后依据基于时间窗的贝叶斯信任模型对资源节点进行评价,同时考虑资源的负载,动态划分其实时性能。最后综合评估静态和动态属性,确定调度资源分配。该模型为不同任务和属性的资源调度策略奠定了基础,实现了“合适的资源服务于合适的任务”的目的。仿真实验表明所提的模型相对传统的调度算法,具有更高的系统任务执行成功率和资源利用率。     

基于预配置和配置重用的粗粒度动态可重构系统任务调度技术

配置时间过长是制约可重构系统整体性能提升的重要因素,而合理的任务调度技术可有效降低系统配置时间。该文针对粗粒度动态可重构系统(CGDRS)和具有数据依赖关系的流应用,提出了一种3维任务调度模型。首先基于该模型,设计了一种基于预配置策略的任务调度算法(CPSA);然后根据任务间的配置重用性,提出了间隔配置重用与连续配置重用策略,并据此对CPSA算法进行改进。实验结果证明,CPSA算法能够有效解决调度死锁问题、降低流应用执行时间并提高调度成功率。与其它调度算法相比,对流应用执行时间的平均优化比例达到6.13%～19.53%。     

Energy Efficient Real-Time Task Scheduling for Embedded Systems with Hybrid Main Memory

Available energy becomes a critical design issue for the increasingly complex real-time embedded systems. Phase Change Memory (PCM), with high density and low idle power, has recently been extensively studied as a promising alternative of DRAM. Hybrid PCM-DRAM main memory architecture has been proposed to leverage the low power of PCM and high speed of DRAM. In this paper, we propose energy-aware real-time task scheduling strategies for hybrid PCM-DRAM based embedded systems. Given the execution time variation when a task is loaded into PCM or DRAM, we re-design the static table-driven scheduling for a set of fixed tasks, as well as the Rate-Monotonic (RM) and Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling policies for periodic task sets. Furthermore, since the actual execution time can be much shorter than the worst-case execution time in the actual execution, we propose online schedulers which migrates the tasks between PCM and DRAM to optimize the energy consumption by utilizing the slack time resulted from the completed tasks. All the proposed algorithms minimize the number of task migrations from PCM to DRAM by ensuring that aperiodic tasks are not migrated while each periodic task instance can be migrated at most once. Experimental results show our proposed scheduling algorithms satisfy the real-time constraints and significantly reduce the energy consumption.     

开放式悬挂物管理系统任务调度策略研究

针对开放式悬挂物管理系统(Stores Management System,SMS)硬实时、软实时和非实时任务并存,任务需动态加入和退出,且任务执行时间不确定导致的调度困难,提出一种改进的基于服务器的任务调度策略.系统调度器由任务接收控制、调度服务器和自适应控制3大模块组成,其中任务接收控制可在不进行全局可调度性分析的...     

一种基于风险感知策略的多节点任务调度方法

为解决无人机(UAV)集群任务调度时面临各节点动态、不稳定的情况,该文提出一种面向多计算节点的可尽量避免任务中断且具有容错性的任务调度方法。该方法首先为基于多计算节点构建了一个以最小化任务平均完成时间为优化目标的任务分配策略;然后基于任务的完成时间和边缘计算节点的存留时间两者的概率分布,将任务计算节点上的执行风险量化成额外开销时间;最后以任务的完成时间与额外开销时间之和替换原本的完成时间,设计了风险感知的任务分配策略。在仿真环境下将该文提出的任务调度方法与3种基准调度方法进行了对比实验,实验结果表明该方法能够有效地降低任务平均响应时间、任务平均执行次数以及任务截止时间错失率。证明该文提出的方法降低了任务重调度和重新执行带来的额外开销,可实现分布式协同计算任务的调度工作,为复杂场景下的无人机集群网络提供新的技术支持。     

基于价值优化的相控阵雷达任务调度算法

针对相控阵雷达时间资源分配问题,该文提出一种基于价值优化的任务调度算法。首先建立任务调度属性参数,对跟踪任务队列进行可行性分析和筛选操作,确定跟踪任务调度属性。其次,根据任务最大价值及其变化斜率,建立关于实际执行时刻的动态任务价值函数,并基于此构建任务调度的价值优化模型,对跟踪任务执行时刻进行分配,以更好满足及时性原则。最后,利用执行跟踪任务间的空闲时间片对搜索任务进行调度。仿真结果表明,该文算法有效减小了时间偏移量,提升了实现价值率。     

A multiprocessor-oriented power-conscious scheduling algorithm for periodic tasks

With the rapid development of advanced technology in VLSI circuit designs, many processors could provide dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) to save power consumption when the supply voltage is allowed to be lower. In this paper, we propose a multiprocessor-oriented power-conscious scheduling algorithm for the real-time periodic tasks with task migration constrained scheme. We classify periodic tasks into fixed tasks and migration tasks, and limit the number of migration tasks and the number of destination processors which execute migration tasks. The proposed algorithm is made up of two steps. Firstly, choosing a processor to sort all of the periodic tasks in a non-increasing order according to task utilization, afterwards, allocating them to other processors. Secondly, scheduling the migration tasks with a virtual execution windows policy, and then scheduling the fixed tasks with EDF algorithm. The experiment results show that compared with arbitrary task migration policy and no task migration allowed policy, the power consumption in multiprocessor real-time periodic tasks scheduling is lowered significantly with the proposed algorithm.     

RM算法的运行时开销研究与算法改进

RM算法是经典的固定优先级实时调度算法.而在嵌入式实时系统中,系统的工作负荷往往是由很多频率快、执行时间较短的任务组成.因此,直接使用RM算法进行任务调度会由于实时操作系统中任务的上下文切换开销而导致嵌入式系统资源利用率的降低.分析了基于RM算法调度的任务之间的抢占关系,并建立了以任务属性为参数的上下文切换开销模型.在该模型的基础上,通过优化任务的释放时间来降低RM算法导致的系统运行时任务切换开销.最后的实验结果验证了该策略的有效性.     

动态优先级下防空相控阵雷达在线交错调度算法

针对防空相控阵雷达中时间资源分配主观性强、利用率低的问题,结合任务内部结构,提出一种新的在线交错调度算法.该算法在将任务的重要性和紧急性均置于动态优先级的基础上,使得雷达任务收、发波束之间的等待期可以用来执行其它任务的发射期或接收期.仿真结果表明,相比于任务模式优先级加截止期的调度算法,所提算法的调度成功率、时间利用率和执行威胁率均得到有效提升.     

Resource scheduling in mobile edge computing using improved ant colony algorithm for space information network

With the development of space information network (SIN), new network applications are emerging. Satellites are not only used for storage and transmission but also gradually used for calculation and analysis, so the demand for resources is increasing. But satellite resources are still limited. Mobile edge computing (MEC) is considered an effective technique to reduce the pressure on satellite resources. To solve the problem of task execution delay caused by limited satellite resources, we designed Space Mobile Edge Computing Network (SMECN) architecture. According to this architecture, we propose a resource scheduling method. First, we decompose the user tasks in SMECN, so that the tasks can be assigned to different servers. An improved ant colony resource scheduling algorithm for SMECN is proposed. The heuristic factors and pheromones of the ant colony algorithm are improved through time and resource constraints, and the roulette algorithm is applied to route selection to avoid falling into the local optimum. We propose a dynamic scheduling algorithm to improve the contract network protocol to cope with the dynamic changes of the SIN and dynamically adjust the task execution to improve the service capability of the SIN. The simulation results show that when the number of tasks reaches 200, the algorithm proposed in this paper takes 17.52% less execution time than the Min-Min algorithm, uses 9.58% less resources than the PSO algorithm, and achieves a resource allocation rate of 91.65%. Finally, introducing dynamic scheduling algorithms can effectively reduce task execution time and improve task availability.     

硬实时系统中基于任务同步及节能的动态调度算法

提出基于任务同步及节能的动态实时调度算法HDSA(hybrid dynamic scheduling algorithm),以有效地解决任务同步及节能的难题.HDSA 结合RM及EDF算法,在满足任务实时可调度性及任务同步的限制条件下,采用DVFS节省能耗.HDSA包含静态算法及动态算法两部分.静态算法在静态条件下,求出任务的静态速度.动态调度算法在实际运行中,固定临界区的运行速度,并充分回收、利用任务运行时的空闲执行时间,调节处理器的速度,以有效降低能耗并满足实时可调度性.同时避免高优先权任务被阻塞时,临界区继承高优先权任务的速度时所造成的处理器电压开关的频繁切换,因而能有效地降低实时任务调度的成本.实验测试表明,HDSA在调度性能上明显优于目前所知的有效算法.     

移动网格任务调度算法研究

针对移动网格中同一网格域的任务调度问题进行研究。考虑Min-Min算法的负载不均衡和移动终端的能量受限因素,改进一种结合移动终端能量受限和Min-Min算法的EnergyMin-Min算法(即E-mm算法)进行任务调度,来提高任务执行成功率并优化系统的负载性能。通过仿真验证分析,改进后的E-mm算法相对于Min-Min算法不仅能满足上述要求和提高资源利用率,而且系统负载均衡效果得到明显改善。     

面向多功能雷达的模型参数化脉冲级调度方法

多功能相控阵雷达的任务复杂性和实时性需求不断提高,传统的基于一定驻留周期的任务调度方法不能满足实时切换要求。针对此问题,提出了一种基于脉冲周期的任务切换和实时调度的方法,两级调度器与执行器一体化设计减少任务调度时间开销,综合考虑优先级调度算法和抢占式调度策略确保了任务有效执行,面向任务模型的参数化设计使得任务调度能灵活适应各类作战任务需求。仿真结果表明,此方法能较好地控制高优先级任务丢失率, 获得更高的任务执行有效性。     

基于改进蚁群算法的自适应云资源调度模型研究

对于传统蚁群算法用于云计算资源分配和调度问题过程中存在的不足,提出了一种可以提高负载均衡度、缩短任务执行时间、降低任务执行成本的改进自适应蚁群算法,改进算法以能够基于用户提交的任务求解出执行时间较短、费用较低,负载率均衡的分配方案为目标,通过CloudSim平台对传统蚁群算法、最新的AC-SFL算法、改进自适应蚁群算法进行仿真实验对比。实验数据表明,改进后的自适应蚁群算法能够快速找出最优的云计算资源调度问题的解决方案,缩短了任务完成时间,降低了执行费用,保持了整个云系统中心的负载均衡。     

无线传感器/执行器网络任务动态调度策略

针对任务在各执行器的协作问题,提出一种动态调度策略,根据执行器节点的剩余能量和工作状态,利用混合模拟退火的微粒群算法,在任务时效期内,统一安排各任务在执行器上的执行周期,最小化最大完成时间.仿真结果表明,算法具有良好的收敛性能,各执行器的任务完成响应时间和能耗均衡情况均得到改善.     

一种基于紧急程度的自时钟开始时间公平排队分组调度算法

为了克服目前GPS (Generalized Processor Sharing)类调度算法中实时应用分组的排队时延较大且不稳定的局限性,该文提出一种新的分组排队调度算法,该调度算法在计算分组服务标签时添加了一个紧急程度函数,调整了到达分组间的竞争关系,从而可以按照实时性应用的要求来调整到达分组的转发先优级,由此显著降低了实时性应用分组的排队时延和抖动幅度。分析和仿真实验表明,与GPS类其它调度算法相比,该调度算法对于实时应用的分组能提供较低的、更稳定的排队时延保证,同时还继承了GPS类算法的公平性和排队时延有界等特性,而且对系统虚拟时间的跟踪计算更为简捷高效。     

Peak Temperature Minimization via Task Allocation and Splitting for Heterogeneous MPSoC Real-Time Systems

With the continued scaling of the CMOS devices, the exponential increase in power density has strikingly elevated the temperature of on-chip systems. Thus, thermal-aware design has become a pressing research issue in computing system, especially for real-time embedded systems with limited cooling techniques. In this paper, the authors formulate the thermal-aware real-time multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) task allocation and scheduling problem, present a task-to-processor assignment heuristics that improves the thermal profiles of tasks, and propose a task splitting policy that reduces the on-chip peak temperature. The thermal profiles of tasks are improved via task mapping by minimizing task steady state temperatures, and the task splitting technique is applied to reduce the peak temperature by enabling the alternation of hot task execution and slack time. The proposed algorithms explicitly exploits thermal characteristics of both tasks and processors to minimize the peak temperature without incurring significant overheads. Extensive simulations of benchmarking tasks were performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Experimental results have shown that the task steady state temperature achieved by the proposed algorithm is 3.57 °C lower on average as compared to the benchmarking schemes, and the peak temperature of the proposed algorithm can be up to 11.5 % lower than that of the benchmarking schemes     

多智能体强化学习驱动的无人机动态信道分配

针对无人机编队在进行远距离实时视频传输时频谱资源不足且利用效率低、吞吐量要求较高、传输任务难以完成等问题,提出了多智能体强化学习驱动的动态信道分配算法,使得无人机编队可以根据传输任务和信道环境动态地选择使用的信道,实现了频谱资源的高效利用。该算法使用了集中式训练分布式执行的架构,通过联合探索和联合学习的方式保证了无人机间的探索和合作能力,使得每架无人机均可以依据局部观测信息同时独立分配自身使用信道,提高了算法的灵活性和可行性,并减少了频谱分配用时。仿真结果表明,该算法训练过程性能更好,执行时相比于现有算法可以提高编队整体的平均任务传输成功率。     

Elastic DVS Management in Processors With Discrete Voltage/Frequency Modes

Applying classical dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) techniques to real-time systems running on processors with discrete voltage/frequency modes causes a waste of computational resources. In fact, whenever the ideal speed level computed by the DVS algorithm is not available in the system, to guarantee the feasibility of the task set, the processor speed must be set to the nearest level greater than the optimal one, thus underutilizing the system. Whenever the task set allows a certain degree of flexibility in specifying timing constraints, rate adaptation techniques can be adopted to balance performance (which is a function of task rates) versus energy consumption (which is a function of the processor speed). In this paper, we propose a new method that combines discrete DVS management with elastic scheduling to fully exploit the available computational resources. Depending on the application requirements, the algorithm can be set to improve performance or reduce energy consumption, so enhancing the flexibility of the system. A reclaiming mechanism is also used to take advantage of early completions. To make the proposed approach usable in real-world applications, the task model is enhanced to consider some of the real CPU characteristics, such as discrete voltage/frequency levels, switching overhead, task execution times nonlinear with the frequency, and tasks with different power consumption. Implementation issues and experimental results for the proposed algorithm are also discussed     

基于MrsP协议的任务划分优化算法

多处理器实时系统中,调度和资源共享是核心问题,与之相对应的调度算法和共享资源访问协议将直接影响系统的性能,这就要求调度算法和资源访问协议在保证实时性的基础上尽量发挥硬件平台的计算能力。然而,现有的调度算法多假设任务相互独立,没有考虑任务之间的资源共享,共享资源访问协议也多侧重于规则和最坏响应时间分析。对此,将P-RM算法和MrsP协议相结合,得出了多处理器实时系统的整体可调度性条件。文中根据MrsP协议的特性,提出了一种减小阻塞时间的任务划分算法,通过改进任务利用率的计算方式解决了关键区重复计算的问题,与之前的任务划分算法相比,也解决了关键区重复计算以及任务分类后拆分再分配的问题。实验表明,该算法所需要的处理器数目减少了15%~20%。