The Comparison of Urban Tree Crown Extraction based on Airborne LiDARElevation Difference and High Resolution Imagery

With the support of airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and high spatial resolution aerial imagery,this paper presents an individual tree extraction method that takes the region of urban as the study area.The elevation difference model originated from LiDAR data was used to extract regions of interest including trees. Then,masking was applied to the high spatial resolution aerial imagery to get the same regions. Besides,image segmentations,based on the marked watershed algorithm,were processed on the high spatial resolution aerial imagery and the elevation difference model separately to extract individual tree crowns. Finally,we took a visual interpretation to delineate tree crowns manually and this result was regarded as the reference crowns map. The extraction accuracies were assessed by comparing the spatial relationships of the reference crowns and the automated delineated tree crowns based on the elevation difference model and the high resolution imagery. The results show that the LiDAR data is developed to improve the efficiency of obtaining forest region that the canopy height model include 85.25% forest information. In addition,the tree crowns extraction accuracy based on the high resolution aerial imagery is 57.14%,while another extraction accuracy based on the elevation difference model is 42.47%,which indicated that the marked watershed algorithm proposed in this paper is effective and the high resolution imagery is better than the elevation difference model to extract tree crowns.     

Research on Classification of Land Cover based on LiDAR Cloud and Aerial Images

Aerial images contain abundant spectral information,texture information and spatial information,and airborne LiDAR can provide three-dimensional information of ground objects.An object-oriented classification method was researched by taking advantages of the two types of data.Converting LiDAR point cloud into 2-D raster image by preprocessing,and matched it with aerial image.Then,multi-scale segmentation algorithm was applied to image segmentation based on spectral information and height information.Next,XGBoost algorithm were applied to select features extracted from segmented object respectively.The SVM classifier was used to classify and prove the superiority of XGBoost algorithm by comparing with two traditional feature selection algorithms：Relief and RFE.Finally,objects at shadow regions were distinguished and merged into real objects based on certain rules.Testing the method in three regions,the results showed that the method was feasible and effective,and could be well applied to the classification of urban ground object.     

航空影像辅助下的城区机载LiDAR汽车目标检测方法

机载激光雷达(LiDAR)技术的出现为地面汽车目标检测提供了新的途径。为了从机载LiDAR点云数据中提取汽车对象,根据不同地物的属性特征,提出了一种航空影像辅助下的城区机载LiDAR汽车目标检测方法。首先利用形态学开重建滤波完成地面和地物的分类,然后在地物点的基础上结合正射影像,通过归一化植被指数(NDVI)特征完成对植被和非植被地物的初步分类,最后在非植被地物的基础上,根据地物对象的形状特征及高程信息完成汽车和建筑物及阴影植被等非汽车对象的分类,从而完成汽车目标的提取工作。3个实验区的计算结果表明:该方法能有效从LiDAR点云中提取汽车目标,正确度和完整度的均值分别为95%和85%,满足实用性要求。     

一种应用机载LiDAR数据和高分辨率遥感影像提取城市绿地信息的方法

提出了一种新的面向对象的城市绿地信息两阶段提取方法。该方法分阶段使用高分辨率遥感影像的光谱和2维形态信息以及机载LiDAR数据的3维形态信息作为分类依据。第1阶段,影像首先被分割为对象,对象被分类为无阴影的植被、阴影下的植被、水体、建筑物、空地和阴影6类地物;无阴影的植被和阴影下的植被合并为城市绿地对象,在第2阶段,将LiDAR数据产生的归一化数字表面模型nDSM与绿地对象叠加,计算每个对象的3维形态属性,进一步将绿地对象细分为草坪、灌木和乔木。以美国休斯敦中心城区为例,介绍了方法流程。精度分析表明,绿地的分类精度达到9346%;方法中的主要误差来源于遥感影像当中的建筑物阴影以及生成数字地形模型时所产生的误差。     

基于对象的最优尺度建筑物信息提取方法

针对基于像素分析方法不适用于高分辨率影像信息提取的问题,提出一种基于对象的图像分析方法来进行城市建筑信息提取。采用多分辨率图像分割方法得到图像对象,提出非监督的最优尺度判定方法解决单尺度分割造成的欠分割和过分割问题。在对象分类提取过程中,结合LiDAR数据的地形表面高程信息和光谱信息对建筑物进行提取,并利用尺寸、空间位置等信息进行误分类修正。实验区域共提取出18个建筑目标,结果表明所提出的方法有效可行。     

基于色度畸变和纹理特征的阴影消除方法

从图像序列中精确地提取运动目标是许多计算机视觉应用中的核心部分,但由于运动目标阴影的存在,会导致目标形状的扭曲、目标的相互连接等问题,对分割和提取运动目标造成很大的困难.为了精确地提取运动目标,提出一种利用色度畸变和纹理特征进行阴影消除的方法.采用混合高斯分布建立自适应背景模型,运用背景减除的方法分割出运动区域,并分析了场景点在存在阴影前后色度的分布规律以及纹理的互相关性,从而消除运动目标的阴影.分析和实验表明,该算法抗干扰能力强,对于室内和室外光照条件下的阴影都能有效地消除,并且所需设置的参数少,复杂度较低,易于实现实时运动图像处理.     

水库水体面积提取方法

遥感影像的水库水体信息提取对水库面积变化监测有很大的帮助,因此,提出一种基于遗传算法和改进Otsu算法的水体提取方法。对处理后的遥感影像使用NDWI (normalized difference water index)水体指数法进行初始的水体提取,由于传统的Otsu算法对直方图呈现双峰分布的图像提取效果不佳,利用遗传算法对最大类间方差公式进行双阈值计算,引入滑动窗口对图像进行阈值判断;使用自适应阈值算法进行局部阈值分割。通过对石梁河水库和小塔山水库的实验,表明该方法能够准确提取出水库的水体信息,误提取和漏提取现象得到了很大的改善。     

地物提取的多尺度特征遥感应用分析

通过空间尺度效应分析,阐述不同属性景观地物在同一分辨率或同一尺度影像中提取的不合理性。为获得精确的地表信息,提出多尺度遥感影像分析方法,解决不同地物在不同空间尺度影像数据中提取的难题。通过多种分辨率影像的多尺度影像信息提取的应用实践,分析地物提取中的多尺度特性、尺度与分辨率关系等。     

基于机载LiDAR和高分辨率遥感影像的城市道路网提取

利用单个数据源的数学形态学道路提取方法不能充分利用道路的特征,提取的道路信息不完整。针对这一缺陷,并考虑到机载LiDAR数据可以提供高程信息,提出了将机载LiDAR数据和高分辨率遥感影像数据结合起来的城市道路网的提取方法。以徐州市的机载LiDAR数据和高分辨率遥感影像数据作为实验数据,首先将两者进行精确配准,然后利用伪道路信息去除的方法分别将植被信息和建筑物信息等去除,得到基本的道路轮廓,再利用形态细化算法提取道路的中心线,最后,在ArcGIS和Matlab编程环境下实现了改进的道路修剪算法(IRT),利用该算法进行道路修剪,得到了平滑和连贯的城市道路网。经过精度评价可以看出:利用该方法可以较好地避免建筑物阴影、低矮植被群等对道路提取的影响,道路的识别精度达到84%以上。     

多尺度植被信息提取模型研究*

针对遥感影像中植被信息的波谱特征,提出了整体—局部植被信息多尺度迭代转换提取模型。首先在基于植被指数的基础上对影像进行分割,并通过样本的自动选择,对影像进行大尺度分类;然后对分类结果进行缓冲区分析,建立局部区域对象,再进行小尺度的局部分割与分类;最后通过迭代,重复整体—局部的过程,使得植被与非植被信息的边界得到最优化分离,从而提高了植被信息提取的精度。选取江汉平原地区的LANDSAT ETM＋影像进行实验,并与常规方法得到的结果进行了对比,实验证明,多尺度迭代提取方法可以有效地提高植被信息提取的精度。     

无人机可见光遥感影像地物目标提取技术研究

无人机可见光遥感影像中地物目标边界清晰度较低,容易导致地物目标与背景之间的区分度降低,进而难以提取地物目标。为此,提出无人机可见光遥感影像地物目标提取方法。从光谱特征、纹理特征和边缘特征三个方面分析无人机可见光遥感影像特征。结合三种影像特征对无人机可见光遥感影像数据集实行增广处理。对完成增广后的数据集定义影像编码标签,以此确定地物目标增强权重,通过参量化处理地物目标光谱特征,计算光谱吸收指数,获取地物目标提取表达式,从而实现无人机可见光遥感影像地物目标提取。实验结果表明,所提方法能够保证地物目标边界的清晰度,具有较强的地物目标提取能力。     

Rapid,man-made object morphological segmentation for aerial images using a multi-scaled,geometric image analysis

This paper describes a man-made object segmentation method for aerial images based on a modified watershed segmentation algorithm. Our segmentation procedure includes three steps: (1) a multi-scaled geometric image analysis of aerial images by the non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) method, (2) watershed segmentation, and (3) region classification of man-made objects. First, background of multi-scaled geometric image analysis is introduced briefly, and NSCT is used to represent the features for the purpose of man-made object segmentation. Thanks to the properties of NSCT, it not only avoids pseudo-Gibbs phenomena around singularities in image de-noising with regard to shift invariance, but it also enriches the set of basis functions, which makes it possible to extract orientational contour of man-made objects more effectively. In the NSCT decomposition step, the best basis selection is employed for ensuring maximum information content. Second, the “texture gradient” of combined features is calculated based on the first NSCT decomposition step and the resulting best basis selection, afterward the watershed transform is applied. According to their feature values, the aerial images are divided into several homogenous regions. Third, the fractional Brownian motion (fBm) model is used to determine the man-made object regions. Last, the experimental results show that the outcome of man-made object segmentation becomes more continuous and satisfying as a result of the homogenous texture-regions extraction and the modified watershed procedure.     

Difference and accumulative difference pictures in dynamic scene analysis

Recognition of objects in a computer vision system requires extraction of the images of all objects. If the object and camera are moving then the task may be to extract images of only the moving objects. We discuss methods for combining information obtained from the positive, negative and absolute difference and accumulative difference pictures. We present an approach for the segmentation of dynamic scenes using information available in the difference and accumulative difference picture. In addition to the efficacy of the approach, a very attractive feature is the possibility of implementing it in real time using a special hardware.     

城市航空影像的阴影检测和阴影消除方法研究

阴影是城市航空遥感影像的基本特征之一,阴影的存在影响地物边缘的提取、建筑物的识别和影像的配准等,因此,阴影检测和阴影消除在城市遥感中具有重要意义。本文主要介绍了一种高分辨率城市航空影像的阴影检测和阴影消除方法,在阴影检测过程中,分别对影像RGB色彩空间中的G通道和HIS色彩空间中的亮度通道进行阈值选择检测出阴影区域,然后对这两种阴影检测结果进行与运算得到最终的阴影区域并标记出来。对所标记的阴影区域,根据Retinex理论选择合适的尺度对其进行增强处理,由于阴影区域的地物信息进行增强时阴影边界也有所增强,因此需要对阴影边界进行模糊化处理。试验表明,该方法能较好的检测出阴影区域,而且对阴影区域的地物恢复效果较好。     

An automatic shadow detection method for high-resolution remote sensing imagery based on polynomial fitting

Most existing shadow detection models and algorithms require extensive calculations and have difficulties effectively removing features, such as water bodies, some dark objects and bluish ground objects. In this paper, we propose a high-resolution automatic shadow extraction algorithm based on the process of histogram fitting. First, the histogram of the whole image is fitted by fourth and fifth-degree polynomials according to the histogram difference of the near-infrared bands of different shadow areas in the remotely sensed image. Second, the shadow area is preliminarily extracted based on the relationships between the shadow features of the remote sensing image and the intersections of the fourth- and fifth-degree polynomials. Then, the normalized difference water index (NDWI) is applied to extract the water bodies. Finally, to obtain the shaded area, the scanning line seed filling algorithm is applied to remove the water bodies falsely detected as shadows in the preliminary shading extraction. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by using the various high-resolution images including GaoFen-1 (GF-1), GaoFen-2 (GF-2), QuickBird2, and ZiYuan-3 (ZY-3), as well as an elaborate comparison to histogram threshold segmentation algorithms such as Component 3 (C3) algorithm, multi-elements extraction algorithm multi-band detection algorithm, and spectral correlation algorithm based on spectral features. The results of experiment showed that the proposed algorithm could extract the shadows of various images, achieve satisfied results, and completely remove water bodies.     

基于改进差分和光流的新型运动目标检测方法

针对运动目标检测中的空洞和虚假目标的问题, 提出一种改进差分和改进光流的运动目标检测方法. 该方法首先对连续的七帧图像依次进行预处理、差分、灰度变换和二值化处理, 并将前、后三帧二值图像分别累加得到的二值图像进行逻辑与运算, 得到中间帧中运动目标的粗略区域; 其次将中间帧与背景帧差分, 并对得到的图像进行边缘提取和二值化处理, 然后对其进行像素的算术运算, 得到中间帧中运动目标的精确区域; 在基础上通过改进的光流法得到运动目标的准确信息; 最后通过阈值分割和形态学处理完成对目标的分割. 对比实验表明, 该方法能实现运动目标的准确快速检测与分割.     

基于动态规划的城市道路提取改进算法

从航空或卫星影像中提取道路一直是研究的热点,基于动态规划的道路提取算法是最有效的算法之一。该文基于LiDAR点云数据特征改进了该算法的代价函数,进而提高了基于动态规划的道路提取算法的鲁棒性。为正确地融合航拍图像和LiDAR点云数据,研究了航拍图像和LiDAR点云数据的匹配算法。最后,通过试验验证了算法的正确性。     

规则化城市建筑物阴影提取及校正模型研究

以面向对象技术为依托,进行阴影区域提取域和内部信息补偿处理。在多尺度分割的基础上,充分利用阴影对象典型的光谱、几何特征设置特征函数,提取相应的建筑物阴影区域。采用数学形态学,以对象间的空间关系为依据对阴影边缘进行规则化,并用直方图灰度映射策略补偿阴影的内部信息。最终沿阴影边界中值滤波,得到优化的建筑物阴影区域提取结果。     

基于机载LiDAR点云的电力线自动提取

基于机载激光雷达数据提出了一种在林区中电力线自动提取方法,该方法是基于统计分析和二值化图像处理技术设计。首先采用高度阈值,分离出电力线候选数据集,并采用一组标准(例如,高度标准,密度标准和直方图阈值)来对候选集进行统计分析,选择电力线的候选点。然后将候选点转化为二值化图像,并进行形态学优化,采用基于图像的处理技术,利用渐进概率霍夫线性变换对图像进行直线分割。最后将分割出来的电力线二值化图像转换成三维点云,并利用区域增长精细化提取电力线点云。使用不同林区环境下的4组机载激光雷达数据进行实验,实验结果表明,算法在林区环境下能够完整地提取出电力线,且电力线分类精度较高,对于电力巡线具有较高的利用价值。     

Building Height Estimation from GF-2 Image based on Morphological Shadow Index

GF-2 is a high resolution earth observing satellite with sub\|meter resolution which is developed by our own technique.To estimate urban building height based on GF\|2 remote sensing image combined with the idea of mathematical morphology and object\|oriented classification.First of all,segment image based on multi\|scale segmentation.Then extract shadow and calculate its length based on object\|oriented classification combined with spectral,shape,Morphological Shadow Index (MSI) and other features.In the end,estimate building height based on the geometrical model of satellite,sun and building and then accuracy evaluation and error analysis are carried out by using the field measurement data.Experimental results showed that 90% of the buildings’ absolute error is less than 1 m.This experiment demonstrate that the method can extract the height of urban building from the GF\|2 image effectively and the immense potential of domestic high resolution remote sensing image in applications on urban building information extraction.