无卤阻燃永久抗静电玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺6材料的研制

采用熔融共混法将无卤阻燃剂LX?15、永久抗静电剂MH?2030添加到玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺6（PA6/GF）基体中制备复合材料,分别采用垂直燃烧仪、绝缘电阻测试仪、热重分析仪（TG）、悬臂梁冲击试验机和微机控制万能试验机对复合材料的阻燃性能、抗静电性能、热稳定性和力学性能进行了测试和表征。结果表明,复合材料的阻燃等级和抗静电性能随着阻燃剂和永久抗静电剂含量的增加而提升;单独作用时,添加15 %（质量分数,下同）的LX?15可使PA6/GF的阻燃等级达到UL 94测试V?0级,添加20 % 的MH?2030可使PA6/GF的表面电阻下降至1.1×10⁸ Ω;复合使用时,添加20 %的MH?2030时,LX?15含量增加至25 %可使用复合材料的阻燃等级达UL 94测试V?0级的同时表面电阻下降至1.1×10⁸ Ω,且抗静电性能持久稳定;同时,添加20 % MH?2030、25 % LX?15复合材料的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度和初始分解温度分别为103 MPa、15.3 kJ/m²和376 ℃,与纯PA6/GF的143 MPa、22.3 kJ/m²和382 ℃相比,虽然有所降低,但仍能保持在较高水平。     

永久抗静电PC/ASA材料的制备

将永久型抗静电母粒与聚碳酸酯(PC)、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(ASA)通过双螺杆熔融共混挤出,制备了永久型抗静电PC/ASA材料,进一步考察了永久抗静电剂的用量对永久抗静电型PC/ASA合金的力学性能和抗静电性能的影响,以及永久抗静电剂对PC/ASA合金耐久性和耐水洗性的影响.研究表明:随着永久抗静电剂用量的增加,PC/ASA合金的表面电阻率明显下降,添加11%～19%的抗静电剂可使PC/ASA材料的表面电阻率达到108～1010Ω,而且24个月之后仍保持在同一数量级,具有永久抗静电性能;随着永久抗静电剂用量的增加,PC/ASA合金材料的力学性能稍有下降;添加了永久抗静电剂的PC/ASA合金在水洗100次后,其表面电阻率变化很小.     

抗静电阻燃增强PA6材料的漏电起痕性能研究

在阻燃增强尼龙6(PA6)材料体系中,分别考察了三种不同类型抗静电剂对体系抗静电性能和耐漏电起痕性能的影响。结果表明:导电炭黑、离子型和永久型抗静电剂都能显著提高材料的抗静电性能,但离子型抗静电剂受环境影响显著;抗静电剂的加入会大大降低体系的耐漏电起痕性能,通过调整离子型和永久型抗静电剂的含量,可以平衡抗静电和耐漏电起痕两种性能的关系;滑石粉的添加能够有效地提高材料耐漏电起痕性能。     

焦磷酸哌嗪类阻燃剂阻燃PLA性能

为研究自制的焦磷酸哌嗪类阻燃剂（FR-1420）对聚乳酸（PLA）的阻燃效果及阻燃机理,添加不同含量的FR-1420阻燃PLA,采用垂直燃烧、极限氧指数（LOI）、热重（TG）分析、锥形量热（CCT）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等测试手段对复合材料的性能进行了系统分析。结果表明,FR-1420质量分数为15%时,可使PLA的LOI提高至31%,垂直燃烧测试后样条表面形成致密的膨胀炭层,阻燃等级达到V–0级;TG结果表明,无卤阻燃PLA与纯PLA的热分解过程相似,但残炭率大幅度提高;CCT结果表明,FR-1420可以有效地降低PLA的火灾危险性,当FR-1420质量分数达到15%时,热释放速率峰值和总热释放速率分别降低至123 kW/m²和22 MJ/m²,降低幅度分别为54%和50%,同时减缓了质量损失;残炭的SEM分析发现,FR-1420通过催化PLA形成封闭蜂窝状连续膨胀炭层,抑制可燃气体的挥发、隔绝氧气与热量的传递,从而达到优异的阻燃效果。     

焦磷酸哌嗪类阻燃剂阻燃PLA性能

为研究自制的焦磷酸哌嗪类阻燃剂（FR-1420）对聚乳酸（PLA）的阻燃效果及阻燃机理,添加不同含量的FR-1420阻燃PLA,采用垂直燃烧、极限氧指数（LOI）、热重（TG）分析、锥形量热（CCT）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等测试手段对复合材料的性能进行了系统分析。结果表明,FR-1420质量分数为15%时,可使PLA的LOI提高至31%,垂直燃烧测试后样条表面形成致密的膨胀炭层,阻燃等级达到V–0级;TG结果表明,无卤阻燃PLA与纯PLA的热分解过程相似,但残炭率大幅度提高;CCT结果表明,FR-1420可以有效地降低PLA的火灾危险性,当FR-1420质量分数达到15%时,热释放速率峰值和总热释放速率分别降低至123 kW/m²和22 MJ/m²,降低幅度分别为54%和50%,同时减缓了质量损失;残炭的SEM分析发现,FR-1420通过催化PLA形成封闭蜂窝状连续膨胀炭层,抑制可燃气体的挥发、隔绝氧气与热量的传递,从而达到优异的阻燃效果。     

一种新型无卤阻燃剂在玻纤增强聚丙烯中的阻燃研究

采用创新的合成和复配技术,成功开发了一种新型无卤膨胀型阻燃母粒PM-027。通过双螺杆挤出机共混制备了阻燃剂PM-027与玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯(GFPP)的共混物,研究了PM-027对GFPP材料的阻燃性能、力学性能和加工性能的影响。结果表明,新型无卤阻燃剂PM-027显著提高了GFPP材料的阻燃性,当PM-027添加量超过34%时,垂直燃烧等级达到UL94 V0级。力学性能测试结果表明,PM-027的加入对GFPP材料的力学性能影响不大。阻燃剂PM-027易分散、耐热性好等特点提高了玻纤增强聚丙烯的加工性能。     

抗静电无卤阻燃矿用电器外壳材料聚丙烯的研制

以聚丙烯(PP)为基体材料,加入无卤膨胀型阻燃剂SR、抗静电剂制备了矿用电器外壳材料,考察了阻燃剂、抗静电剂对PP性能的影响;通过对比失重率及阻燃性能,考察了材料的耐水解性能。结果表明,阻燃剂SR的加入能提高PP的阻燃性能,当阻燃剂质量分数达到20%时,材料阻燃性达到FV–0级,同时阻燃剂的加入使材料力学性能下降;残炭扫描电子显微镜图片显示,在燃烧过程中,阻燃剂SR促进PP基材形成封闭蜂窝状炭层并且膨胀隆起成球状,可以有效地阻止热量和氧气的传播,从而达到优异的阻燃效果;抗静电剂129及抗静电剂163的加入能提高PP的抗静电性能,当两者复配使用且质量比为2∶1时,材料表面电阻率降低至1.5×108Ω;传统膨胀型阻燃体系在热水浸泡后阻燃性能降至FV–2级,而加入SR的PP阻燃体系则能保持FV–0级。     

ABS/碳纳米管纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了近年来丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)/碳纳米管(CNTs)纳米复合材料的研究进展,介绍了该材料的不同制备方法和所得复合材料的力学、导电、雷达波吸收、热解及阻燃性能。研究发现,添加少量的CNTs可以大幅提高ABS的弹性模量、拉伸强度及模量等力学性能;降低材料的电阻率,达到永久抗静电型ABS要求;并可使材料具有雷达波吸收性能;同时还能显著改善ABS的阻燃性能。还分析了不同CNTs种类、添加量及预处理方法对ABS/ CNTs纳米复合材料上述性能的影响,并对相关机理进行了分析讨论。     

新型永久抗静电阻燃ABS材料的制备与性能研究

采用丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)为基体树脂,通过添加永久性抗静电剂聚醚-聚酰胺共聚物(MH2030)和阻燃剂十溴二苯乙烷,经过熔融共混技术制备永久型抗静电阻燃ABS材料。通过氧指数、水平垂直燃烧、锥形量热仪、自动化冲击仪、热失重分析、差示扫描量热仪、表面电阻仪和扫描电子显微镜等手段,研究了该抗静电阻燃ABS材料的阻燃性、热性能、抗静电性能和力学性能等,并考察了放置时间和湿度对该材料抗静电性能的影响。结果表明,当MH2030质量分数为10.0%时,阻燃剂含量为12.0%时,体系的极限氧指数达到28%,UL94阻燃等级达到V-0级,表面电阻率达到108Ω,同时该材料具有优异的力学性能和加工性能,抗静电性能持久稳定。     

永久型抗静电PA66复合材料的性能探讨

采用双螺杆熔融共混方法,以PA66为基材,添加聚酰胺6型永久型抗静电弹性体,制得永久型抗静电PA66材料.研究了聚酰胺6型抗静电弹性体含量对PA66表面电阻、体积电阻率、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度、热变形温度、微卡软化点、结晶温度的影响.结果表明,PA66/抗静电剂A复合材料的表面电阻最低达到9×109Ω,体积电阻率最低达到1.2×1010Ω·m;缺口冲击强度最高达到8.09 kJ/m2;热变形温度基本稳定在55℃;结晶温度随抗静电剂A加入量的增加略微降低.抗静电剂A质量分数在20％时,综合性能较好,满足了抗静电材料的要求.     

石墨烯/碱式硫酸镁晶须/PVC复合材料的制备及性能表征

以改进的Hummers法制备还原氧化石墨烯(RGO),以RGO和碱式硫酸镁晶须(MHSHw)为填料,采用机械球磨法制备RGO/MHSHw/PVC复合粉料,经平板硫化机热压成型得三相复合板材。考察了RGO和MHSHw对复合材料电阻率、阻燃性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明:RGO具有很好的片层结构和导电性;当MHSHw添加量为5%,RGO添加量为1%时,RGO/MHSHw/PVC复合板材的表面电阻率为4×106Ω/square,比纯PVC下降8个数量级,达到了商业抗静电效果,拉伸强度达到最大值17.61 MPa,比纯PVC提高了44.04%,复合板材氧指数>33%,具有阻燃性能,得到力学性能优良兼具有抗静电和阻燃性能的复合材料。     

Synthesis of phosphorus‐containing flame‐retardant antistatic copolymers and their applications in polypropylene

By adjusting the molar ratios of antistatic monomer of octyl phenol ethylene oxide acrylate (denoted as AS), rigid monomer of methyl methacrylate (denoted as MMA), and flame‐retardant monomer of 2‐(phosphoryloxymethyl oxyethylene) acrylate (denoted as FR), a series of flame‐retardant antistatic copolymers poly (octyl phenol ethylene oxide acrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate‐co‐phosphoryloxymethyl oxyethylene acrylate) (donated as AMF) were synthesized through radical polymerization. Among the obtained copolymers, two copolymers, AMF162 (the feed molar ratio of AS, MMA, and FR as 1 : 6 : 2) and AMF1104 (the feed molar ratio of AS, MMA, and FR as 1 : 10 : 4) with different concentrations were added into polypropylene (PP) to prepare PP‐AMF162 and PP‐AMF1104 series of composites. The thermal stability, limiting oxygen index, the antistatic property, and mechanical properties of PP composites were tested and analyzed. PP‐AMF162 series composites have excellent antistatic effect. When the AMF162 content was equal to or <15 wt %, the impact strength of PP‐AMF162 composites was higher than that of pure PP. The results indicated that copolymer AMF162 was a suitable flame‐retardant and antistatic additive for PP. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41677.     

阻燃抗静电改性聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

基于阻燃剂ANTI-660及抗静电剂单苷酸甘油酯(Gm)制备了聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,采用水平垂直燃烧测试仪、氧指数测试仪、表面电阻测定仪、万能试验机和摆锤式冲击试验机等研究了阻燃剂和抗静电剂对复合材料阻燃性能、抗静电性能和力学性能的影响.结果表明,在阻燃剂含量为18.0％(质量分数,下同),抗静电剂含量为2.0％时,...     

OMMT -卤-锑阻燃体系对 PA6／LGF 复合材料的影响

利用有机蒙脱土（ OMMT）协同溴代环氧树脂（ BER）、三氧化二锑（ Sb2 O3）通过熔融插层法制备OMMT-卤-锑阻燃长玻纤增强尼龙6复合材料（OMMT/FR/PA6/LGF）,通过极限氧指数（LOI）、垂直燃烧（UL-94）、锥形量热分析（CONE）、热失重分析（ TGA）、扫描电镜（ SEM）等方法研究了不同质量比的OMMT-卤-锑阻燃体系对OMMT/FR/PA6/LGF复合材料成炭、阻燃、燃烧、力学性能以及热稳定性的影响。结果表明,当OMMT添加量为2％, BER/Sb2 O3添加量为10％时,二者表现出优异的协同阻燃效应,不仅能促使OMMT/FR/PA6/LGF复合材料生成的炭层结构最为致密、均匀、连续,氧指数值最高且能保持FV-0级,还对复合材料的力学性能影响相对最小。     

润滑剂对PP/IFR复合材料性能的影响

以聚丙烯(PP)为基体树脂、FR–1420为无卤膨胀型阻燃剂,分别加入乙撑双硬脂酰胺(EBS)、聚乙烯(PE)蜡、硬脂酸锌(硬锌)、硅酮及聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)等五种润滑剂来制备阻燃PP复合材料(PP/IFR),考察了润滑剂及其含量对PP/IFR的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响,并对材料的热分解行为及炭层结构进行了表征和分析。结果表明,FR–1420含量为21%,五种润滑剂含量在0.5%~2%范围内变化时,对PP/IFR复合材料的力学性能影响不大,而对阻燃性能产生了明显影响;EBS与阻燃剂产生对抗作用,不论添加量多少,都显著降低PP/IFR的阻燃性,垂直燃烧等级由V–0级降低至无级;PE蜡、硬锌、硅酮及PVDF的添加量都存在一个最大值,当低于最大值时,不会影响PP/IFR的阻燃性,垂直燃烧等级均为V–0级,而高于最大值时,则会降低PP/IFR的阻燃性;PE蜡、硬锌、硅酮及PVDF均会不同程度延后PP/IFR的起始分解温度,略微降低其成炭率。     

Thermal degradation and combustion behaviors of flame retarded glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites based on cerium hypophosphite

In this work, cerium hypophosphite (CeHP) was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test. CeHP presented rod‐like morphological feature with good thermal stability. Subsequently, CeHP was added into glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (GFPA) to develop flame retardant glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites (FR‐GFPA). The flame retardancy of FR‐GFPA composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), Underwriters Laboratories 94 testing (UL‐94), microscale combustion calorimeter, and cone calorimeter test. FR‐GFPA composite with 20 wt% CeHP loading passed UL‐94 V0 rating with a high LOI of 26.5 vol%. Cone Calorimeter test showed that peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of FR‐GFPA composites were reduced 27.1% and 21.1% compared with those of GFPA. The mechanical measurement revealed that the tensile strength first increased and then decreased with the increase of CeHP loading. With 15 wt% CeHP loading, the tensile strength of FR‐GFPA composite was 43.0% higher than GFPA. TGA and char residue characterization revealed that the addition of CeHP could significantly promote the formation of condensed char residue. The FR‐GFPA composites obtained herein exhibited superior combined properties of fire resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical properties, demonstrating that CeHP will be a promising candidate for preparing high performance polyamide composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:3073–3082, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Flexible and flame resistant poly(lactic acid)/organomontmorillonite nanocomposites

The PLA/OMMT nanocomposites were produced using a melt compounding technique with isopropylated triaryl phosphate ester flame retardant (FR; 10–30 parts per 100 resin). The flammability of the PLA/OMMT composites was evaluated with an Underwriter Laboratory (UL‐94) vertical burning test, and their char morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal properties of the PLA/OMMT were characterized with a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The thermal analyses showed that adding FR reduced the decomposition onset temperature (T_o) of PLA/OMMT. Both PLA/OMMT/FR20 and PLA/OMMT/FR30 showed excellent flame retardant abilities, earning a V‐0 rating during the UL‐94 vertical burning test. A compact, coherent and continuous protective char layer was formed in the PLA/OMMT/FR nanocomposites. Additionally, the DSC results indicated that the flexibility of the PLA/OMMT composites increased after adding FR due to the FR‐induced plasticization. The impact strength of PLA/OMMT was greatly increased by the addition of FR. Flexible PLA nanocomposites with high flame resistance were successfully produced. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41253.     

几种硬质聚氨酯纳米复合材料的制备及分析

利用超声波技术对几种纳米粒子进行改性处理,然后按照一定比例添加到聚氨酯材料中,通过性能测试,分别从燃烧性能、力学性能及抗静电等方面进行对比分析,得出:二氧化钛作为纳米粒子添加到硬质聚氨酯中时,其电阻率最高,但其价格最高,综合燃烧性能、力学性能、抗静电等方面,可选择使用添加二氧化硅作为阻燃剂。     

Development of ductile green flame retardant poly(lactic acid) composites using hydromagnesite&huntite and bio-based plasticizer

Turning brittle poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to ductile form via plasticizer inclusion is an effective option in the case of processing with high amounts of additives. Additionally, the integration of natural flame retardants to PLA involving bio-based plasticizer enables to use of environmentally friendly composites in conditions where fire resistance performance is required. In the current study, ductile green fire retardant PLA composites were manufactured using hydromagnesite&huntite (HH) as a natural fire retardant additive and acetyl tributyl citrate as a bio-based plasticizer. The influences of plasticizer and HH contents on the fire retardant, thermal and mechanical performances of the composites were explored. According to test results, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of PLA reduced from 29.2 to 28.0 and the UL-94 V rating changed from V2 to BC with the addition of 20 wt% plasticizer owing to the reduction in melt viscosity. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) and average heat release rate (avHRR) values increased steadily as the concentration of plasticizer increased due to the formation of a more porous residue structure stemming from the increased transportation rate of gases. In order to produce ductile flame retardant material, the plasticizer content was required to 20 wt% of HH. The highest LOI value (36.2) and UL-94 rating of V0 were achieved with the inclusion of 70 wt% HH in the presence of 20 wt% plasticizer. Improvement in impact resistance and reduction in tensile strength were observed as the added amount of plasticizer increased.