凝固浴体系对PVDF超滤膜性能与结构的影响

利用非溶剂相转化法(NIPS),以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为铸膜液,水、二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、PVP体系为凝固浴,制备外压中空纤维超滤膜。研究了凝固浴中DMAC和PVP含量以及凝固浴温度对膜性能和结构的影响。结果表明,凝固浴中DMAC含量的增加可以提高超滤膜的通量、断裂伸长率和表面的孔径,降低膜丝拉力;PVP含量对膜通量、拉力与断裂伸长率有非线性影响,当着PVP的质量分数大于12%时,支撑层孔径明显增加;凝固浴温度升高可以增加膜的通量,而对孔隙率、拉力和断裂伸长率则影响不大。当凝固浴中DMAC和PVP的质量分数分别为35%和12%、凝固浴温度为70℃时,可以得到性能较好得超滤膜。     

聚砜管式超滤膜的制备及其结构性能研究

采用浸没相沉淀法制备聚砜(PSF)管式超滤膜。以纯水通量、卵清蛋白截留率、扫描电镜表征膜的结构和性能,考察了PSF含量、凝固浴温度和组成、添加剂种类和含量对PSF管式膜成膜性能及结构的影响。结果表明,凝固浴温度升高、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)含量增加、PEG-400含量增加,都可以使膜的水通量增加、截留率降低;而凝固浴中添加溶剂二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、铸膜液中PSF含量的增加,都可以使膜的通量减小,截留率升高。     

聚醚砜/醋酸纤维素共混膜的制备及其在膜生物反应器中的应用研究

以聚醚砜(PES)和醋酸纤维素(CA)为膜材料,采用L-S相转化法制备共混膜.当PIES质量分数18%、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)质量分数12%、CA质量分数2.6%、蒸发时间30 s、凝固浴温度303 K、凝固时间1 800 s时,在0.2 MPa压力条件下,所制备的改性膜的纯水通量为606.70 11(m2·h),高出PES膜1倍,牛血清蛋白(BSA)截留率变化不大.膜生物反应器(MBR)中PES/CA膜出水水质优良,运行中PES/CA膜抗污染性能优于PES膜.     

聚砜纳滤膜的制备

研究聚砜纳滤平板膜的制备,通过浸没相转化过程制备膜,讨论和研究聚砜(PSF)含量,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮含量,凝固浴温度和空气浴时间对膜结构、硫酸镁溶液水通量和截留率的影响,结果表明;聚砜(PSF)含量增加,凝固浴温度升高、空气浴时间增长时,都可以使膜水通量降低,截留增大,而聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)含量增加时水通量增加,截留率降低。     

聚砜中空纤维超滤膜制备及性能

以聚砜(PSU)为成膜聚合物,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为成孔添加剂,二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,采用干–湿法纺丝工艺和浸没沉淀相转化法制备了PSU中空纤维膜,研究了添加剂含量、凝固浴温度、干纺程对中空纤维膜结构与性能的影响。结果表明,随着添加剂PVP含量的增大,在PSU中空纤维膜表皮层形成贯通膜孔,皮层变薄,孔径变大,指状孔发达,水通量提高,截留率下降;凝固浴温度升高对膜水通量起到一定的抑制作用,凝固浴温度为30℃时,制得的膜具有较高的水通量和卵清蛋白截留率,以及较高的孔隙率;干纺程的大小对膜性能有重要影响,当干纺程为11 cm时,膜纯水通量为200 L/(m~2·h),截留率为90%,综合性能较好。     

添加剂对PSF/ER合金膜结构和性能的影响

介绍了大分子添加荆聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和小分子添加荆H2O时聚砜(PSF)／环氧树脂(ER)合金膜结构和渗透、分离及成膜性能的影响。结果表明，添加荆使PSF／ER合金膜的水通量上升，截留率下降；PVP改善了PSF／ER合金膜的成膜性能，当水质量分数大于0．8％时，PSF／ER合金膜的成膜性能下降。     

聚砜平板超滤膜的制备及性能优化

采用相转化法制备聚砜(PSF)平板超滤膜,通过正交试验确定了较佳制膜条件和各影响因素对膜性能的影响程度(PSF含量>溶剂种类>PVP含量>蒸发时间).在综合考虑经济性和膜性能优化的前提下,由单因素试验探讨了PSF含量、添加剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)含量及第2种溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜的添加量对膜性能的影响.结果表明,最优化制膜条件为:PSF和PVP的质量分数分别为13.5%和3%,溶剂为二甲基亚砜和二甲基甲酰胺混合物且体积比为1:5,蒸发时间为10 s.在此条件下,膜将保持原有高截留率并使纯水通量得到较大提高.     

亲水性PEO/PSF复合膜的制备与性能研究

以聚砜(PSF)作为膜材料,再以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为致孔剂,聚氧化乙烯(PEO)为添加剂,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,通过浸没沉淀相转化法制备了一系列的PEO共混改性的PSF复合超滤膜。通过杯式超滤器,接触角测量仪,扫描电镜(SEM),红外光谱仪(FTIR)等表征手段探究了PEO的加入对复合膜性能的影响。结果表明,PEO的加入显著改善了膜的亲水性能和超滤性能。在PEO质量分数为0.8%时,改性的PEO/PSF复合膜性能最佳,纯水通量达到161.12 L/(m^2·h),对BSA溶液的截留率为99.05%。     

凝固浴工艺对聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺膜性能的影响

将聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPTA)树脂和浓硫酸进行高温溶解,经过脱泡处理,得到PPTA-H_2SO_4溶液,在凝固浴中凝固制备PPTA膜,研究了凝固浴种类及工艺对PPTA膜的结构与性能的影响。结果表明:在质量分数为7%的H_2SO_4、质量分数为4%的Na OH、H_2O 3种凝固浴中,H_2SO_4凝固浴适合PPTA树脂成膜;PPTA膜最佳凝固浴工艺条件为凝固浴H_2SO_4质量分数7%,凝固浴温度3℃,凝固时间3.0 min,在此条件下PPTA膜具有均匀致密的结构,出现明显的彩色条纹状的液晶现象,热稳定性能最好,其拉伸强度约68MPa,900℃时质量保持率达59.81%。     

PVA/PVP共混交联膜对2-甲基四氢呋喃溶液渗透汽化脱水的研究

利用共混交联法将马来酸酐(MAH)加入聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)混合溶液中制备PVA/PVP膜.考察了膜的组成、料液中水质量分数和温度对渗透汽化分离性能的影响.结果表明,在V(PVA):V(PVP)= 8:2、水质量分数为3.9％的2-甲基四氢呋喃(2-MeTHF)溶液和最佳温度为68℃条件下,渗透通...     

Preparation of Anti-Fouling Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane by an External High Voltage Electric Enhancing Method

In this article, a novel method of applying high voltage (1–5 kV) to the conventional immersion precipitation phase inversion process was used to prepare polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes when PVP (30 K) was used as an additive. The effects of the external electric field on the structure, surface functional groups, membrane potential, and surface hydrophilicity of the membranes were researched. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption amounts on the membranes and the separation performances of the membranes were measured. It was found that the external electric field influenced the surface carbonyl groups, surface hydrophilicity, and potential of the membranes. With the increase of the external voltage, the surface hydrophilicity and the membrane potential decreased. It seemed that the external voltage had no influence on the cross-section structure of the membranes, but the surface porosity density slightly reduced when the external voltage increased. In basic BSA solution, the protein adsorption amount on the electric enhanced membranes was distinctly reduced when compared with an un-enhanced membrane, and the rejection was also improved. Consequently, the prepared electric enhanced PES membranes had distinctive anti-fouling properties.     

凝固浴处理对聚氨基葡糖超滤膜分离性能的影响

采用凝固浴凝胶工艺处理聚氨基葡糖超滤膜，实验结果表明，经凝固浴处理后，聚氨基葡糖超滤膜对酸性红B溶液的截留率提高了83.7%；凝固浴的温度、凝固剂的浓度、凝固时间等参数对聚氨基葡糖超滤膜的截留率、渗透通量和孔结构均有一定的影响，选择适当的处理条件可提高膜的分离效率.     

Preparation of hydrophilic polysulfone membrane using polyacrylic acid with polyvinyl pyrrolidone

This study examined the consequences of the addition of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) of different molecular weights with constant molecular weight of polyacrylic acid (PAA) on the morphology and permeation properties of polysulfone (PSF) membranes. The asymmetric polymeric membranes were prepared by phase inversion process using PSF in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent. The surface structure and morphology of the prepared membranes were analyzed by field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The pore number, average pore size and area of pores for all the membranes were determined by permeability method. These ultrafiltration membranes were subjected to characterizations such as measurement of pure water flux (PWF), compaction factor (CF), bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection for finding the permeability performance, whereas equilibrium water content, contact angle, porosity, hydraulic resistance, and ion exchange capacity (IEC) are measured for evaluating the hydrophilicity. Results demonstrate that the flux performance of the membranes and morphological parameters own a crucial inter‐relationship with the molecular weight of PVP. The membrane pore area and pore number were found to be increased by increasing molecular weight of PVP with constant molecular weight of PAA. A detailed comparative study was done with Chakrabarty et al. (J. Membr. Sci. 2008, 309, 209) and found better in almost all the aspects. All the resulting parameters were compared and concluded with the fact that addition of small amount of PAA in PSF/PVP/NMP casting solution can be better than addition of PVP alone. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41964.     

凝固浴组成对SMA/CPVC共混超滤膜的结构与性能影响

通过非溶剂致相分离（NIPS）法制备了苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物（SMA）/氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）共混超滤膜,探讨了凝固浴中不同溶剂（DMAc）含量对其超滤膜表面酸酐基团偏析程度、微观结构、亲水性、水通量、截留率和抗污染的影响。结果表明：凝固浴中溶剂含量的增加抑制了酸酐基团向膜表面的偏析,导致亲水性减弱;同时,铸膜液中溶剂与水分子之间扩散速率的变小引起延迟分相,使得膜表面孔径变小和分布变窄。当溶剂质量分数为3%时,超滤膜对牛血清白蛋白（BSA）截留率提升至98.10%、通量恢复率为96.82%,且不可逆污染率降为3.77%,表明凝固浴中适量的溶剂可进一步提高超滤膜抗污染性能。     

Effects of coagulation bath temperature and polyvinylpyrrolidone content on flat sheet asymmetric polyethersulfone membranes

In this study, effects of coagulation bath temperature (CBT) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K15) concentration as a pore former hydrophilic additive on morphology and performance of asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were investigated. The membranes were prepared from a PES/ethanol/NMP system via phase inversion induced by immersion precipitation in a water coagulation bath. The morphology of prepared membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurements, and mechanical property measurements. Permeation performance of the prepared membranes was studied by separation experiments using pure water and bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution as feed. The obtained results indicate that addition of PVP in the casting solution enhances pure water permeation flux and BSA solution permeation flux while reducing protein rejection. Increasing CBT results in macrovoid formation in the membrane structure and increases the membrane permeability and decreases the protein rejection. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Development of novel surface modified phase inversion membranes having hydrophobic surface-modifying macromolecule (nSMM) for vacuum membrane distillation

Eleven PES membranes, into which newly synthesized surface-modifying macromolecule (nSMM) was incorporated, were prepared by using the ‘phase inversion technique’ with different preparation conditions to find the effects of membrane casting parameters on the characteristics and performances of the surface modified PES membranes. The membranes so prepared were characterized by solute separation data from ultrafiltration experiments. The results showed that the mean pore size as well as the surface hydrophobicity increased with an increase in evaporation time for the casting solution blended with nSMM (without PVP). When PVP was added into the casting solution, the mean pore size as well as the contact angle decreased while the pure water permeation flux increased. The surface hydrophobicity decreased with an increase in gelation bath temperature.Four membranes were further prepared and subjected to vacuum membrane distillation (VMD). They were characterized by different analytical instruments and pure water permeation test before being used to VMD. The results showed that a distinctive surface layer was formed in nSMM blended PES membranes. It was also found that nSMM blended PES membranes were sufficiently hydrophobic and porous to be used for the separation of an ethanol/water mixture.     

Performance characterization of cellulose acetate and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) blend membranes

Hydrophilic ultrafiltration membranes have been prepared by blending cellulose acetate (CA) as a matrix polymer with increasing concentrations of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) using N,N′‐dimethylformamide as the solvent. It is observed that the presence of PVP beyond 50 wt % in the casting solution did not form membranes. Prepared membranes have been subjected to ultrafiltration characterizations such as compaction, pure water flux, water content, and membrane hydraulic resistance. The results indicate significant changes in the characteristics upon the addition of PVP, which may lead to improved performance. The porosity, pore size, and molecular weight cut‐off of the membranes also increase as the concentration of PVP increases. It is estimated that the pore radius of the CA/PVP membranes increases from 30 to 63 Å, when the concentration of PVP increased from 0 to 50 wt %. This is in agreement with the results obtained from scanning electron microscopic studies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Use of Sodium Alginate-Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Membranes for Pervaporation Separation of Acetone/Water Mixtures

Pervaporative separation of acetone from water at a concentration range of 0–100 wt% were studied using sodium alginate (NaAlg)/Poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) membranes. Membranes were prepared in different ratios (w/w) (100/0, 95/5, 90/10, 85/15, 80/20, 75/25) of NaAlg/PVP by crosslinking with CaCl₂. Experimental studies were carried out to investigate the effects of the operating temperature, feed composition, and membrane thickness on the pervaporation performance. The optimum operating temperature, membrane thickness, NaAlg/PVP ratio, and feed composition were determined as 40°C, 70 µm, 75/25 (w/w), and 20 wt% acetone, respectively. The effect of PVP content in the membranes was investigated on pervaporation performance. The permeation rate was increased with increasing the PVP content; however, there was no appreciable change about the separation factor. The permeation rate and separation factor values were found to be in the range of 0.304–1.023 kg/m² h and 16–57, respectively. In addition, the sorption-diffusion properties of the alginate membranes were investigated at the operating temperature and the feed composition. It was found that the sorption selectivity was the dominant factor for the separation of acetone/water mixtures.