Cr/W/稀土氧化物涂层的抑制结焦性能

急冷锅炉(TLE)是乙烯热裂解装置的重要设备,在运行中急冷锅炉炉管内壁会有结焦现象,降低急冷锅炉传热系数并增加炉管压力降,严重影响传热效果,需要进行周期性清焦.为了能够有效地抑制结焦,在炉管内壁表面上制备了一层Cr/W/稀土Re_xO_y惰性涂层,借助乙烯裂解结焦模拟装置、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等设备从试样结焦表面形貌特征和结焦量等方面对所开发的涂层进行了抑焦性能研究.实验结果表明,无涂层试样表面存在催化焦和颗粒状焦,结焦严重;而涂层试样抑焦效果明显,表面不存在催化结焦,且焦层与涂层表面黏附性差结合较弱容易脱落,其结焦抑制率可达79.1%.     

BR/EVA TPV的制备及性能研究

采用动态硫化法制备BR/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)热塑性硫化胶(TPV),并对其性能进行研究.结果表明:当BR/EVA共混比大于50/50时,TPV呈现出典型弹性体的应力-应变行为;当BR/EVA共混比为50/50～65/35时,TPV的硬度较低,综合物理性能良好;当BR/EVA共混比为60/40时,微米级的BR粒状物均匀分散在EVA基体中,两相界面结合良好.     

原位增容PA6/POE/EVOH共混物的流变性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚酰胺6/乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(PA6/POE/EVOH)共混物,利用毛细管流变仪对共混物的流变行为进行了研究。结果表明:PA6/POE/EVOH共混物为假塑性流体,呈现出切力变稀的现象;EVOH的加入增大了PA6/POE/EVOH共混物的表观黏度和黏流活化能,说明共混物对温度的依赖性较强。     

含超标缺陷2000m3乙烯球罐合于使用评价

对某石化厂2000 m³乙烯球罐进行检验检测,并针对UT发现的超标埋藏缺陷进行合于使用评价,结果表明,乙烯球罐超标缺陷均位于失效评定图的安全区,能够通过断裂与塑性失效评定;乙烯球罐超标缺陷处实际承受的疲劳强度参量在容许值内,即通过疲劳失效评定。上述检验所发现的超标埋藏缺陷不影响球罐在操作工况的安全使用,允许保留。     

发泡倍率对EVA/CB复合材料导电性能的影响

利用熔融共混-模压法制备了以乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)为基体,炭黑(CB)为导电填料,热膨胀微胶囊(TEMs)为发泡剂的EVA/CB导电泡沫复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了发泡剂含量对EVA/CB泡沫复合材料泡孔形态的影响,采用ZC36型高阻仪测试导电泡沫复合材料的体积电阻率,研究了发泡倍率对导电泡沫...     

BR/EVA/HIPS TPV的制备和性能研究

采用苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改善BR/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)/高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)共混物的界面相容性,通过动态硫化法制备BR/EVA/HIPS TPV,并对其性能进行研究.结果表明:未加入SBS的BR/EVA/HIPS共混物未表现出橡胶类弹性体特征,而加入适量SBS的共混物表现出典型橡胶类弹性体特征;当SBS用量为8～12份时,BR/EVA/HIPS TPV的综合物理性能较好,拉伸断面平滑,界面相容性良好.     

Al/SO42-复合改性CrOx/VOx/SiO2双金属催化剂及其乙烯聚合特性研究

采用溶液浸渍及高温煅烧的方法制备了一系列Al/SO₄^2-复合改性CrO_x/VO_x/SiO₂双金属催化剂,并研究了其催化乙烯聚合特性。结果表明：采用较低的m(Al)∶m(S)改性的双金属催化剂活性较未改性催化剂提升20%～40%;改性前后催化剂均表现出稳定的聚合活性,采用改性催化剂制备的聚合物相对分子质量更高,相对分子质量分布更宽;采用改性前后催化剂制备的聚合物相对分子质量分布均呈双峰,采用改性催化剂时其超高相对分子质量部分含量有所增加,而中、高相对分子质量部分含量明显更少。上述结果为单釜高效合成双峰聚乙烯产品及聚合物相对分子质量调控提供了重要手段。     

动态硫化TPU/EVM共混物的结构与性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯橡胶(EVM)动态硫化共混物,并对其结构与性能进行研究.结果表明,TPU/EVM共混体系实施动态硫化的最佳共混比为75/25,硫化剂BIPB用量为0.8份时共混物性能最佳,且不同共混比的TPU/EVM共混物需要的硫化剂最佳用量不同;动态硫化后的EVM以较大尺寸的相畴分散在TPU中;TPU/EVM动态硫化共混物返炼后仍具有较高的重复使用价值.     

EVA对PP/EVA共混物力学性能的影响

将不同配比的聚丙烯(PP)和乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)进行共混,测试了共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度;用差示扫描量热法研究了共混物的结晶性能;用扫描电镜(SEM)二次电子成像系统分析了试样的断口形貌,研究了EVA含量对共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明:EVA的加入提高了EVA/PP共混体系的韧性,同时降低了PP的结晶度。     

PE/EVA共混改性材料力学性能的研究

主要对不同配比的PE、聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯（EVA）树脂进行共混改性研究.使用正交实验法设计、运用方差分析法分析,测试了PE/EVA共混物的拉伸强度和屈服强度,使用差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了PE/EVA的相容性,使用扫描电镜（SEM）二次电子成像分析试样液氮脆断的断口.从而讨论分析EVA在PE/EVA共混物当中的含量、挤出机的螺杆转速以及挤出机出口模的模温对PE/EVA共混物力学性能的影响.     

The effect of interface debonding behaviors on the mechanical properties of microPCMs/epoxy composites

Microcapsules containing phase change materials (microPCMs) can be filled in polymeric matrix forming smart temperature‐controlling composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the interface behaviors and the mechanical properties of methanol‐melamine‐formaldehyde shell microPCMs containing paraffin/epoxy matrix composites. The typical microPCMs with core/shell ratio of 2/1 shapely decreased their average diameter from 26.0 ± 1.5 to 13.8 ± 3.4 μm with the increasing of stirring speed from 1,000 to 3,000 r min⁻¹. But, both the thickness and yield point of shells had a little variation. Young's modulus of composites was almost independent on the particle size of microPCMs with lower volume fractions (5%–10%). For composites with higher microPCMs loading (20%–30%), there was a slight decrease in modulus with increasing particle size. The data of tensile strength decreased obviously with the increasing of the average diameter of microcapsules for composite samples with the same particle loading. A repeated heat‐transmission treatment was applied to enhance the interface debonding. The results show that the violent thermal transmission had decreased the mechanical properties of microPCMs/epoxy composites. The scanning electron microscopy morphologies had also proved that these phenomena attributed to the interphase separation and cracks. Moreover, a semiexperiential conclusion is that the increasing of interface area of composites will at the same time give more structure defects leading to poor mechanical properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Interface stability behaviors of methanol‐melamine‐formaldehyde shell microPCMs/epoxy matrix composites

Microcapsules containing phase change materials (microPCMs) have been widely applied in smart temperature‐controlling materials. Interface stability plays a key role in these microPCMs/matrix composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the interface stability behaviors of methanol‐melamine‐formaldehyde (MMF) shell microPCMs containing paraffin/epoxy matrix composites. MMF prepolymer can be applied to fabricated microcapsules with smooth shells. The average diameter of the microPCMs could be controlled in the range of 5–45 μm by stirring speed of 500–6,000 r min⁻¹. From the SEM morphologies of the interphase between the microPCMs and the epoxy‐matrix, it is concluded that the interaction may be enhanced by MMF graft structure due to the increasing of molecular interaction in the interface. During a repeated heat‐transmission process, not only the repeated‐times of thermal absorbing‐releasing process will damage the interface bonding, but also higher thermal conductive speed will make the interface bearing more debonding stress. Large microPCMs in matrix may supply better interface stability. Moreover, the numerical and experimental results are consistent to obtain a clear insight into the rule of interface debonding for microPCMs/matrix composites that the interface perfection can be enhanced by increasing the thickness of interphase. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect-of Processing Varcables on Interfacial Properties of an SiG-Fiber-Reinforced Reaction-Bonded Si3N4 Matrix Composite

Fiber/matrix interfacial debonding and frictional sliding stresses were evaluated by single-fiber pushout tests on unidirectional continuous silicon-carbide-fiber-reinforced, reaction-bonded silicon nitride matrix composites. The debonding and maximum pushout loads required to overcome interfacial friction were obtained from load–displacement plots of pushout tests. Interfacial debonding and frictional sliding stresses were evaluated for composites with various fiber contents and fiber surface conditions (coated and uncoated), and after matrix densification by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing). For as-fabricated composites, both debonding and frictional sliding stresses decreased with increasing fiber content. The HIPed composites, however, exhibited higher interfacial debonding and frictional sliding stresses than those of the as-fabricated composites. These results were related to variations in axial and transverse residual stresses on fibers in the composites. A shear-lag model developed for a partially debonded composite, including full residual stress field, was employed to analyze the nonlinear dependence of maximum pushout load on embedded fiber length for as-fabricated and HIPed composites. Interfacial friction coefficients of 0.1–0.16 fitted the experimental data well. The extremely high debonding stress observed in uncoated fibers is believed to be due to strong chemical bonding between fiber and matrix.     

探讨敲击检测技术在复合材料无损检测中的应用

本文根据纤维增强复合材料的特性,列出了损伤的主要类型和产生原因;对适用于复合材料制品的无损检测敲击技术进行探讨;对敲击技术的基本原理、方法分类、适用范围进行介绍;对传统敲击法和数字敲击法进行比较;总结敲击法的未来发展状况。     

Fabrication of artificial defects and their effect on the mechanical properties of C/C-SiC

Determining the effect of defects in fiber-reinforced materials, such as polymer matrix composites (PMCs), can be studied by creating artificial flaws in these materials, for example by introducing artificial PTFE foil to induce material delaminations. For fiber-reinforced ceramics (CMCs), this approach is more difficult due to the more complicated production routes of CMCs, which involve several processing steps at elevated temperatures. This work deals with the fabrication and introduction of defined defects in carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (C/C-SiC) composites in a way, which allows their detection by non-destructive material testing methods during and after each production step of the composite. It was shown that the defects produced using boron nitride (BN) and alumina fiber roving were stable over the entire manufacturing process and could be detected by ultrasound and x-ray tomography techniques. To determine any possible effects, an initial sampling of bending samples with artificial defects was manufactured, tested and compared with defect-free reference materials. These tests showed a lower bending strength and failure strain for the defect samples compared to samples without defects.     

Microstructure and properties of polycaprolactone/calcium sulfate particle and whisker composites

Polycaprolactone (PCL)/calcium sulfate (CS) particle and whisker composites were prepared by coprecipitation method and studied by evaluating their microstructure, crystallization, and mechanical properties. Results show that both of the CS whisker and particle dispersed in PCL can reduce the spherulite size of PCL and improve the regularity of the spherulite. The nucleation effect of the CS whisker is stronger than that of the CS particle. Mechanical properties of PCL were obviously improved by both of the particle and whisker addition. The flexural modulus and impact strength of the whisker composites are higher than that of the particle composites, which could be explained by the interfacial debonding mechanism. On the basis of the crystallization and mechanical studies, it is found that the size of spherulites and the concentration of CS particles and whiskers have played an important role in the improvement in mechanical properties of the composite. POLYM. COMPOS. 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Improved fracture resistance and toughening mechanisms of GNPs reinforced ceramic composites

The R-curve behavior and toughening mechanisms of graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) reinforced ceramic composites are investigated. A toughening model is developed with the consideration of interface debonding, crack bridging and pull-out of GNPs, which can be used to quantify the contribution of different mechanisms to the improved toughness of ceramic composites. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental data when GNPs homogeneously dispersed in ceramic matrix. All prepared GNPs/ceramic composites exhibit a raising R-curve behavior owing to the toughening mechanisms induced by GNPs, and the curve becomes steeper with increasing GNPs content, indicating that the fracture resistance and flaw tolerance are improved. The dominant toughening mechanism is GNPs pull-out, which is followed by crack bridging and interface debonding. Furthermore, the analytical model suggests that improving GNPs properties, interfacial sheer strength and reducing GNPs thickness can improve the fracture toughness of ceramic composites.     

GF及偶联剂改性PVC/稻壳木塑复合材料

采用模压成型的方式、通过实验探索玻璃纤维(GF)含量及偶联剂处理对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/稻壳木塑复合材料的力学特性和耐磨性的影响。实验结果表明:PVC/稻壳木塑复合材料的硬度随GF含量增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势。GF含量在15%以下时,随着GF用量的增大,木塑复合材料的拉伸强度与冲击强度总体上随之变大,超过15%则随GF含量增大而减小。而弯曲强度出现先减后增的趋势,弯曲弹性模量则与之相反。木塑复合材料的耐磨损性在GF含量为15%时最佳,摩擦系数在10%时最大。合适的偶联剂处理能增强木塑复合材料的力学性能和耐磨性。其中γ–氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)的增强效果比较好,钛酸酯不能提高PVC/稻壳木塑材料的力学性能和耐磨性。     

基于深度学习的平纹Cf/SiC复合材料原位拉伸损伤演化与断裂分析

为揭示平纹C_f/SiC复合材料的拉伸损伤演化及失效机理,开展了X射线CT原位拉伸试验,获得材料的三维重构图像,利用深度学习的图像分割方法,准确识别出拉伸裂纹并实现其三维可视化。分析了平纹C_f/SiC复合材料损伤演化与失效机理,基于裂纹的三维可视化结果对材料损伤进行了定量表征。结果表明:平纹C_f/SiC复合材料的拉伸力学行为呈现非线性,拉伸过程中主要出现基体开裂、界面脱黏、纤维断裂及纤维拔出等损伤;初始缺陷易引起材料损伤,孔隙多的部位裂纹数量也多;纤维束外基体裂纹可扩展至纤维束内部,并发生裂纹偏转。基于深度学习的智能图像分割方法为定量评估陶瓷基复合材料损伤演化与失效机理提供了有效分析手段。     

High residual mechanical properties at elevated temperatures of bamboo/glass reinforced‐polybenzoxazine hybrid composite

We successfully added bamboo and glass fibers into bisphenol A‐aniline based benzoxazine (BA‐a) resin by hot‐pressing method. In order to improve the interfacial adhesion between bamboo fibers and the matrix, bamboo fibers were pretreated in 6 wt% NaOH solutions for 12 h. The results showed alkali‐treatment had a positive effect on mechanical properties of the composites at both room and elevated temperatures (60°C, 110°C, 160°C, and 210°C). Due to the incorporation of glass fibers, the bamboo/glass reinforced‐polybenzoxazine hybrid composites exhibited highest strength and modulus among all samples and had high residual mechanical properties at elevated temperatures (residual mechanical properties refers to the ratio of strength and modulus of the composites at elevated temperatures to that measured at room temperature). The fractured surface morphologies of the composites were observed by scanning electron microscope. The results showed with the increase of temperature, the debonding and fiber pull‐out became apparent, and the matrix softening could be clearly observed at 210°C. In addition, thermal and thermomechanical properties of neat benzoxazine and the composites were also investigated through thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analyzer, respectively. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1818–1829, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers