土壤重金属污染修复技术研究及进展

总结了目前较常用的土壤重金属污染修复技术有物理修复、化学修复和生物修复,了解到不同修复技术的适用性和局限性;详细阐述了零价铁修复技术的发展概况,以及零价铁用于修复土壤重金属污染的可行性和存在的问题,为今后土壤重金属污染修复指明了一个新的方向。     

零价铁去除重金属污染物的研究进展

近年来,零价铁技术作为修复重金属污染的一种有效方法,得到了较好的应用开发。对国内外应用零价铁技术去除环境介质中的重金属进行了综述,介绍了铁屑、铁粉、微米/纳米级零价铁、改性零价铁去除重金属的反应,同时对该项技术存在的问题及今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

纳米零价铁对化工污染土壤修复研究现状

纳米零价铁（nZVI）作为一种新型的环境修复材料,被广泛应用于环境污染物的去除。介绍了n ZVI的结构和特性,并重点综述了n ZVI修复化工污染土壤中涉及的重金属和有机物污染的研究现状。最后展望了应用n ZVI进行土壤修复的发展趋势。     

生物炭负载纳米零价铁对水体典型污染物去除效果的研究进展

生物炭负载纳米零价铁(nZVI@BC)作为一种绿色环保的新型纳米零价铁改性材料,因其对水体污染物具有良好的修复效果而被广泛应用.本文总结了近年来生物炭负载纳米零价铁在水体环境中的应用研究进展,综述了其制备过程和吸附机理,重点阐述了生物炭负载纳米零价铁对水体中的重金属污染、有机污染以及氮、磷污染的修复效果,并对该领域今后...     

零价铁修复铅污染水体的研究

在实验室条件下,用零价铁去除Pb(II)。考察了铁粉的投加量及初始pH值对去除效果的影响,并探讨了零价铁修复铅污染水体的机制,为零价铁实际修复铅污染水体提供技术参考。结果表明:零价铁可以有效修复受重金属铅污染的水体,修复效果受铁粉的投加量及初始pH值的影响;零价铁去除铅的机制为氧化还原和混凝吸附。     

纳米零价铁修复铀污染土壤可行性浅析

铀浓缩、燃料后处理与处置、核事故等可造成土壤中铀浓度的增加。江西省是我国铀矿主产区,自五十年代以来已产生大量的铀尾矿,因此,大面积受污染的土壤亟待及时治理。因纳米零价铁具有大比表面积和高吸附容量的特性,其在土壤修复领域潜力巨大。本文综述了铀污染土壤来源与现状、铀污染土壤修复方法、纳米零价铁的主要特性及其在环境和土壤修复中的应用等,可对铀污染土壤修复和治理提供参考。     

纳米级金属铁还原脱氯技术的改进研究

零价铁处理环境中有机卤化物、重金属等污染物是目前公认的一种有效的环境修复技术,具有良好的应用前景。但无论是金属铁可渗透反应墙还是铁纳米颗粒原位注射技术都存在缺陷,对零价铁反应性能的改进十分迫切。文章综述了国内外对零价铁反应性能改进的研究进展,详细介绍了当前最热门的铁纳米颗粒负载技术及铁纳米颗粒分散稳定技术对零价铁反应性能的改进机理及优势,指出了目前研究存在的一些问题,并对零价铁技术修复环境的工程应用提出了展望。     

地下水硝酸盐氮污染原位修复研究进展

可渗透反应墙(PRB)技术是一种经济、高效、节能的地下水污染原位修复方法。阐述了PRB去除地下水中硝酸盐的反应机理、墙体结构,分析比较了零价铁还原原位修复、零价铁还原/生物反硝化联合原位修复、自养反硝化修复地下水氮污染以及适合地下水硝酸盐去除的异养生物反硝化的碳源材料等研究进展,指出了各工艺的不足之处和研究方向,展望了PRB技术原位修复地下水氮污染的发展前景。     

零价铁在水处理技术中的研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了零价铁在水处理中的应用现状.零价铁可被用于处理水中的各种污染物质,其中包括重金属、有机化合物、病毒、营养元素、天然有机物以及消毒副产物等.简要叙述了纳米级零价铁的制备方法,并提出了把纳米级零价铁做为改性剂改性滤料的设想.     

零价铁联用技术处理废水的研究进展

零价铁联用技术结合零价铁和其他技术优点去除水中难降解有机污染物、重金属、放射性物质等多种污染物,克服了零价铁单独使用易被氧化、去除效率低等缺点,提高了废水处理效果。主要介绍了当前常见的几种零价铁联用技术:零价铁-PRB技术、零价铁-过硫酸盐技术、零价铁-微生物技术、零价铁-Fenton技术,分析零价铁联用技术当前研究进展、作用机理、应用中存在问题,指出如何将纳米零价铁与相关技术联用进行常规水处理,或针对处理某种难降解污染物,将是未来零价铁体系新的研究方向。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。