基于格型陷波滤波器的科里奥利质量流量计信号处理方法

采用比IIR型计算更为简单的自适应格型陷波滤波器对科里奥利质量流量计的流量传感器的输出信号进行滤波并求得其频率；并应用自适应谱线增强器从含有噪声的信号中提取出流量管振动的基频信号；然后采用滑动Goenzel算法计算两路信号之间的实时相位差，再根据频率和相位差计算出时间差最终求得质量流量。     

Coherence-free microwave photonic notch filter with a single driver intensity modulator in a Sagnac fiber loop

A coherence-free microwave photonic filter configuration is presented. The configuration is based on a Sagnac loop interferometer containing a single-drive intensity modulator without a nonreciprocal bias unit. A notch response is obtained by modulating the clockwise and counterclockwise propagating waves inside the Sagnac loop at different times. A general theoretical analysis for both the reflected signal and the transmitted signal is obtained. Measured results verify the theoretical expressions and demonstrate a robust notch filter response.     

基于时变信号模型和归一化格型陷波器的科氏流量计信号处理方法

采用具有跟踪频率变化能力的自适应归一化格型陷波器,对频率、幅值和相位均按照随机游动模型变化的科氏流量传感器信号进行滤波,以求得其频率;再采用自适应谱线增强器从含有噪声的数据中提取所需要的信号;然后采用具有重叠窗的滑动Goertzel算法计算两路信号之间的实时相位差,并通过频率和相位差计算时间差,求得质量流量。仿真结果表明该方法是有效的。     

基于自适应陷波的涡街流量计信号处理系统

本介绍了以数字信号处理器为核心的实时处理系统,采用自适应陷波方法计算涡街流量计信号的频率。自适应陷波器只需估计一个参数。采用了ＤＳＰ,使得信号处理实时和系统小型化。实测结果说明,自适应陷波方法和实时处理系统是有效的。     

Programmable broadband radio-frequency transversal filter with compact fiber-optics and digital microelectromechanical system-based optical spectral control

To the best of our knowledge, for the first time a programmable broadband rf transversal filter is proposed that operates on the principle of broadband optical spectral control implemented with a spatial light modulator input rf signal time delay and weight selection over a near-continuous signal space. Specifically, the filter uses a chirped fiber Bragg grating in combination with a two-dimensional digital micromirror device to enable a programmable rf filter. As a first step, a two-tap rf notch filter is demonstrated with a tuning range of 0.563-6.032 GHz with a 25-dB notch depth at test notch frequencies of 845 and 905 MHz. The proposed filter can find applications in diverse fields such as radar, communications, medicine, and test and measurement.     

Nonlinear readout signal processing using the DataWave video signalprocessor

Implementation of digital signal processing operations as part of the data acquisition process in high-energy physics detectors requires very high-speed devices. Signal processors are not typically used in these applications due to inadequate processing performance. New components developed for high-definition television (HDTV) are considered to be applicable for these purposes. By using programmable signal processors a superior reconfigurability can be obtained, as opposed to VLSI-based custom implementations. Where the algorithms are fixed when-the design has been completed. This paper presents one such processor, the DataWave video signal processor, and describes how some nonlinear algorithms for readout signal processing can be implemented with it. The operations selected include an order statistic filter structure and an FIR-order statistic hybrid (FIR-OS) filter with trainable coefficients and rank operator. Comments on the suitability of the DataWave processor for different kinds of algorithms are also given     

On-line identification, flutter testing and adaptive notching of structural mode parameters for V-22 tiltrotor aircraft

New algorithms and results are presented for flutter testing and adaptive notching of structural modes in V-22 tiltrotor aircraft based on simulated and flight-test data from Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc. (BHTI). For flutter testing and the identification of structural mode frequencies, dampings and mode shapes, time domain state space techniques based on Deterministic Stochastic Realization Algorithms (DSRA) are used to accurately identify multiple modes simultaneously from sine sweep and other multifrequency data, resulting in great savings over the conventional Prony method. Two different techniques for adaptive notching are explored in order to design an Integrated Flight Structural Control (IFSC) system. The first technique is based on on-line identification of structural mode parameters using DSRA algorithm and tuning of a notch filter. The second technique is based on decoupling rigid-body and structural modes of the aircraft by means of a Kalman filter and using rigid-body estimates in the feedback control loop. The difference between the two approaches is that on-line identification and adaptive notching in the first approach are entirely based on the knowledge of structural modes, whereas the Kalman filter design in the second approach is based on the rigid-body dynamic model only. In the first IFSC design, on-line identification is necessary for flight envelope expansion and to adjust the notch filter frequencies and suppress aero-servoelastic instabilities due to changing flight conditions such as gross weight, sling loads, and air speed. It is shown that by tuning the notch filter frequency to the identified frequency, the phase lag is reduced and the corresponding structural mode is effectively suppressed and stability is maintained. In the second IFSC design using Kalman filter design, the structural modes are again effectively suppressed. Furthermore, the rigid-body estimates are found to be fairly insensitive to both natural frequency and damping factor variations and therefore stability is maintained. The Kalman filter design might be a better choice when the rigid-body dynamics are well known because no adaptation is necessary in this case.     

Design of linear phase FIR notch filters

This paper investigates some approaches for designing one-dimensional linear phase finite-duration impulse-responses (FIR) notch filters, which are based on the modification of several established design techniques of linear phase FIR band-selective filters. Based on extensive design examples and theoretical analysis, formulae have been developed for estimating the length of a linear phase FIR notch filter meeting the given specifications. In addition, the design of two-dimensional linear phase FIR notch filters is briefly considered. Illustrative examples are included. This work was supported in part by a University of California MICRO grant with matching supports from Rockwell International and CES Inc.     

Tunability of Photonic Band Gap Notch Filters

A notch filter based on an index confined photonic band gap waveguide is proposed. The dropping of an electromagnetic wave having a specific wavelength is obtained by opportunely designing a periodically corrugated overlay. The selective filtering properties of the proposed structure are identified by using a computer code based on the bidirectional beam propagation method with the aid of the method of lines. The optimized design of a notch filter, characterized by a full-width half-maximum (FWHM) bandwidth of 2 nm, is given. The tunability is reached by exploiting the electroclinic effect of smectic-A * liquid crystals.     

Instrument for the measurement of the instantaneous frequency

This paper describes the design and implementation of an instrument for the measurement of the instantaneous frequency of a signal. It is based on the extensive use of signal processing techniques and their implementation on efficient processors (digital signal processors). The concept of instantaneous frequency is first reviewed and some procedures for its estimation are evaluated with an off-line virtual instrument. The most promising techniques were then implemented on a PC-based instrument, achieving a real-time operation for audio ranges     

Bipolar tap photonic microwave notch filter using electroabsorption modulator-integrated distributed feedback laser diodes in a parallel configuration

We propose a bipolar tap photonic microwave notch filter scheme, which can be used to realize a fully integrated, semiconductor-based notch filter. The scheme is based on two electroabsorption modulator (EAM)-integrated distributed feedback laser diodes in a parallel configuration. We show that two filter taps with opposite polarities can be readily obtained by using the negative and positive slopes of the U-shaped electro-optic transfer functions of the EAMs under special design and operating conditions. An experiment was carried out to verify the working principle of the proposed scheme. Notch frequency tuning was also demonstrated by varying the laser wavelength spacing; the spacing was varied by changing the temperature. A frequency tuning range of ~1.8 GHz with a notch depth of ~40 dB was achieved.     

容许幅度法设计时滞陷波器抑制残余振动

提出一种鲁棒设计方法－容许幅度法,在隐波频率附近按照一定的频率偏移,选择数个陷波频率分别设计时滞陷波器,然后将各个陷波器级联,设计出具有多个波头的多峰容许多幅度时陷清波器,大大提高了控制系统的鲁棒性,并以起重机系统为例说明了该方法的有效性。     

Microwave photonic notch filter based on a dual-Sagnac-loop structure

A new single-wavelength, coherence-free microwave photonic notch filter is presented. The concept is based on a dual-Sagnac-loop structure that functions with a new principle in which the two loops operate with different free spectral ranges, and which generate noncommensurate taps. It has the ability to generate a narrow notch response and can operate to high frequencies. Experimental results demonstrate a notch filter with a narrow notch width, a flat passband, and high stop-band attenuation of over 40dB.     

Electronically controlled agile lens-based broadband variable photonic delay line for photonic and radio frequency signal processing

To the best of our knowledge, proposed for the first time is the design of an optically broadband variable photonic delay line (VPDL) using an electronically controlled variable focus lens (ECVFL), mirror motion, and beam-conditioned free-space laser beam propagation. This loss-minimized fiber-coupled VPDL design using micro-optic components has the ability to simultaneously provide optical attenuation controls and analog-mode high-resolution (subpicoseconds) continuous delays over a moderate (e.g., <5 ns) range of time delays. An example VPDL design using a liquid-based ECVFL demonstrates up to a 1 ns time-delay range with >10 dB optical attenuation controls. The proposed VPDL is deployed to demonstrate a two-tap RF notch filter with tuned notches at 854.04 and 855.19 MHz with 22.6 dB notch depth control via VPDL attenuation control operations. The proposed VPDL is useful in signal conditioning applications requiring fiber-coupled broadband light time delay and attenuation controls.     

Improving the signal data acquisition in condition monitoring of electrical machines

The occurrence of a broken bar in induction machines causes an internal magnetic imbalance, which is reflected in the stator current. This effect may be detected by estimating the spectral signature of the stator current, particularly the sidebands around the fundamental frequency. However, the fundamental 60-Hz amplitude is considerably greater than the sideband amplitude, which usually requires an analog 60-Hz notch filter in the data acquisition system. Analog filters are sensitive to temperature variations, which, in this case, may shift the filter resonance frequency and degrade the desired response. It is proposed in this paper that the analog notch filter may be replaced by a digital/analog cancelling technique based on the recursive discrete-time Fourier transform. The technique is shown to attenuate the fundamental 60-Hz amplitude considerably before A/D conversion, leaving only the sidebands in the current signal.     

Narrowband electrooptic tunable notch filter

We describe the theory of a narrowband electrooptic tunable filter based on a Fabry-Perot etalon with distributed Bragg reflectors. The filter can be in either bulk or waveguide form. The input to the filter must be prefiltered to the stop-band of the Bragg mirrors. Once this is accomplished, the etalon possesses a very narrow notch in the Bragg filter stop-band. The notch width is extremely narrow when the Bragg reflectance is high. The location of the notch in the Bragg stop-band is determined by the etalon cavity length and can be tuned by application of an electric field to the electrooptic material comprising the etalon cavity. Absorption in the cavity and Bragg reflectors is included in the theoretical model of the filter. The filter can be constructed from any one of several existing electrooptic organic polymer crystals, if the gratings are made either by partial polymerization of the monomer in crossed-UV beams or by corrugating the surface of the polymer. We show a theoretical example of a notch filter operating at a center wavelength of 1 microm that is 62.75 microm thick, with a notch width of under 1 A and a transmission of 35%. This type of filter should have applications in high-speed optical modulation and Q-switches for lasers.     

气动伺服弹性系统结构陷幅滤波器优化设计

为解决飞机气动伺服弹性耦合频率低且随飞机重量构型变化大,使用结构陷幅滤波器改善飞机气动伺服弹性稳定性易于影响飞机操稳特性的问题,建立了一种基于多目标遗传算法的结构陷幅滤波器优化设计方法。以气动伺服弹性系统的弹性模态频响峰值最小作为优化目标,刚体模态频响特性作为设计约束,通过设计罚函数修正个体适应度对陷幅滤波器的频率与阻尼参数进行优化。结果表明:该文方法能够兼顾飞机的气动伺服弹性与刚体运动特性,有利于充分利用高增益控制系统提升飞行性能。     

Compact tunable microwave filter using retroreflective acousto-optic filtering and delay controls

Programmable broadband rf filters are demonstrated using a compact retroreflective optical design with an acousto-optic tunable filter and a chirped fiber Bragg grating. This design enables fast 34 micros domain analog-mode control of rf filter time delays and weights. Two proof-of-concept filters are demonstrated including a two-tap notch filter with >35 dB notch depth and a four-tap bandpass filter. Both filters have 2-8 GHz tunability and a 34 micros reset time.     

Reducing hysteresis in magnetostrictive-piezoelectric magneticsensors

In this paper, we present a method to avoid hysteresis in magnetostrictive-piezoelectric sensors. It is based on the application of an alternating magnetic field of a frequency different than the piezoelectric exciting frequency that supplies enough energy to overcome any domain wall pinning. The signal is filtered with a notch filter synchronized to the magnetic field frequency and thus it does not contribute to the useful response of the sensor. The results show an appreciable decrease in the magnetic hysteresis and also a small decrease in the sensitivity of the sensor     

高频动态校准系统的自校准模板设计方法研究

本文对数据采集系统的内装式自校准模板的设计、开发进行了研究.自校准模板采用ARM9和高速、高准确度DAC发生动态校准信号,高稳定度电压基准发生静态校准信号.模板上的高精密12档衰减器实现了对信号幅值的设置,可程控8档截频滤波器根据动态校准信号的频率对DAC产生的动态模拟信号进行滤波.论述了自校准模板静态电压基准电路、衰减器及数模转换电路的设计.采用ARM9和C语言开发了完善的通信模块、参数设置模块、功能实现模块及上位机与模板的通信协议模块等.通过设计、制作和调试,实现了幅值满度为+10V及频率为100 kHz动态校准信号的发生.