炭黑/硅橡胶导电复合薄膜传感特性研究

利用溶剂法工艺成功制作了炭黑/硅橡胶导电复合薄膜(厚度约0.1mm),对其进行了拉伸、压缩及温度敏感性试验。测试结果表明,试样具有优良的拉-敏传感特性,随着拉伸变形的增大(应变达到25%)试样电阻不断增大,且电阻-应变之间具有较好的线性关系。压缩过程中,随着压力的增大(压力达到30MPa)试样电阻增大,两者同样具有较好的线性关系。温敏试验表明,试样电阻随温度的下降而降低,且趋势相似。研究结果表明,薄膜结构的炭黑/硅橡胶导电复合材料具有优良的传感特性。     

负温下炭黑/硅橡胶导电复合薄膜力敏特性研究

对炭黑/硅橡胶导电复合薄膜试样进行了负温条件下的力敏特性试验研究。测试结果表明,薄膜试样在负温下(最低温度达到-35℃)仍具有优良的拉伸敏感特性。试样电阻随拉伸变形的增大而增大,电阻与应变(最大应变达到20%)之间具有良好的线性关系。不同负温条件,复合薄膜试样表现出基本一致的力敏特性。炭黑含量越大,试样导电稳定性越好,但灵敏度相应有所降低。研究结果表明,薄膜元件可满足较低负温、较大应变下的拉伸变形测试,且线性度、稳定性都较好。     

炭黑/硅橡胶复合材料力敏元件热、力敏感试验研究

在岩土力学与工程领域,大变形测试方法与技术亟待开发。前期研究发现,利用炭黑/硅橡胶导电复合材料研发的力敏元件具有较好的大变形敏感特性。根据研究需要,通过试验方法研究了这种大变形力敏元件的热、力敏感耦合特性。对制作的力敏元件进行了两种加载试验,一是固定拉伸应变下温度循环试验;二是变应变下温度循环试验。试验结果表明,恒定应变下,试样电阻随温度循环而循环,且呈现出电阻松弛现象;应变与温度同时变化时,电阻的变化主要受应变影响,温度影响相对较弱。     

大变形力敏传感元件温度响应试验研究

利用炭黑/硅橡胶导电复合材料制作了大变形力敏传感元件,对其温度荷载下的电阻响应进行了试验研究,并根据其导电机理对温敏特性进行了深入分析。试验发现制作的大变形力敏传感元件具有正温度系数特性,电阻随温度的升高而增大;温度稳定时,具有电阻弛豫现象。硅橡胶基体随温度变化体积发生变化是造成复合材料温度敏感性的主要原因;同时,温度变化也会影响电子跃迁能力,进而影响到复合材料温度响应。橡胶基体的粘弹性以及试样具有一定厚度的尺寸效应是导致其温度响应滞后性的主要原因。     

炭黑/硅橡胶导电复合材料力敏元件温度响应试验研究

利用炭黑/硅橡胶导电复合材料制作了大变形力敏传感元件,对其温度荷载下的电阻响应进行了试验研究,并根据其导电机理对温敏特性进行了深入分析.试验发现制作的大变形力敏传感元件具有正温度系数特性,电阻随温度的升高而增大;温度稳定时,具有电阻弛豫现象.硅橡胶基体随温度变化体积发生变化是造成复合材料温度敏感性的主要原因;同时,温度变化也会影响电子跃迁能力,进而影响到复合材料温度响应.橡胶基体的粘弹性以及试样具有一定厚度的尺寸效应是导致其温度响应滞后性的主要原因.     

炭黑/纳米Al2O3填充柔性压敏导电硅胶体系的研究

基于柔性触觉传感器中用到的压敏导电硅橡胶,研究添加纳米Al2O3对导电硅橡胶电特性的影响.从理论上研究纳米Al2O3改性的微观和宏观机理,并通过实验对添加不同量纳米Al2O3的压敏导电硅橡胶导电性、室温下的导电稳定性、压阻特性进行比较分析.实验结果表明:在炭黑浓度恒定的压敏导电硅橡胶中适量添加纳米Al2O3,可有效提高复合材料的导电性,稳定性,增大复合材料的压力敏感范围.     

新型力敏导电复合材料的电阻温度特性研究

通过讨论基于柔性触觉传感器设计要求的力敏复合导电硅橡胶的导电机理,研究了力敏复合导电硅橡胶的电阻温度特性。并在实验的基础上对改善力敏导电胶的温度稳定性的方法进行分析,结果表明:在满足触觉传感器设计要求的力敏导电胶炭黑含量范围内,提高胶体复合材料的炭黑含量和在力敏导电胶中掺入纳米材料都能有效地改善力敏导电胶的电阻温度特性。     

精密压阻弹性体及力敏传感器阵列

将金属钌(Ru)、二氧化钌(RuO2)、甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(PMVS)按特定比例混合,所得导电硅橡胶中的导电颗粒具有适当的聚集特性,而且该种导电硅橡胶呈现良好的压阻重复性和压阻敏感性.研究不同尺寸电极的压阻行为,发现此种导电硅橡胶在毫米尺寸以上电阻随载荷变化稳定,重复性较高.通过测量不同尺寸电极压阻关系和电阻弛豫关系,拟合了用于回归载荷的压阻曲线和弛豫曲线,用该曲线对每个传感单元的阻值校正,得到阵列上的载荷分布.结果表明,该种导电硅橡胶在一定尺寸范围内满足微型化要求,适用于集成的压阻弹性体应力测量阵列;利用该种导电硅橡胶,可以实现毫米尺度的静态或准动态载荷灰度成像.     

土工筋带变形测试传感器研发与试验研究

工程上,土工加筋带变形测试一直是个难题,主要是因为其应变较大且加筋带外层是相对较软的聚合物结构.利用纳米导电炭黑颗粒充填聚合物获得敏感材料,再通过印刷技术将其印刷在塑料薄片上,制作成传感元件.通过拉伸试验测试了四种不同底板传感元件的传感性能,试验结果表明,四种元件均具有拉伸敏感性,电阻值随拉伸应变的增大而增大,且满足模量匹配与较大应变要求.对比分析发现,PVC底板传感元件的综合性能最佳,适合作为土工筋带变形测试元件使用.另外,这种方法制作的传感元件可批量化生产,无需逐个标定,极大地提高了它的实用性.     

炭黑/ 硅橡胶复合材料的压阻特性研究与改

我们对柔性挤压应力传感器,炭黑/硅橡胶复合材料的压阻特性进行了研究,提出了其压力-电阻的简化理论计算公式.实验研究表明,通过添加有机溶剂和SiO2纳米粉可以有效地提高炭黑分布的均匀程度和复合材料的弹性模量,从而改善复合材料的压阻性能.用这种复合材料制备的力敏元件不受被测物体表面形状的限制,可以被广泛应用于各种规则和不规则曲面的挤压应力测量.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.