微机械陀螺ASIC接口电路设计

在分析微机械陀螺接口电路工作原理的基础上,采用中电集团第24研究所的3μm10 V P-well标准模拟CMOS工艺设计并制作了微机械陀螺ASIC接口电路.电路HSPICE仿真灵敏度为0.252 mV/aF.芯片面积为5.5 mm×4.4 mm,在此工艺流片并进行了芯片测试.结果表明,在10 V电源电压下,其功耗为49.3 mW,输出摆幅为4.85±3.1 V,输出节点的零点偏离为0.15 V.此芯片具有微陀螺驱动及信号检测功能,可实现与微陀螺敏感结构的双片集成.     

低噪声硅微陀螺敏感电容电荷读出电路设计

硅微陀螺敏感电容电荷读出电路性能的优劣直接决定着陀螺仪测量精度.通过对敏感电容读出电路的建模分析,采用差分调制技术实现了低噪声信号输出,从电路组成、参数设置、PCB布局布线等多方面综合考虑,优化设计了能抑制低频噪声以及高灵敏度电荷读出电路.实验结果表明:该电路输出噪声为-116.24 dBV/√Hz,敏感电容检测分辨率可达1.16 ×10-19 F√Hz.     

基于FPAA的石英音叉陀螺的驱动与解调电路设计

构建了基于现场可编程模拟阵列(FPAA)的石英音叉陀螺的方波驱动与开关解调电路;分析了差分形式的方波驱动与开关解调原理,实现了FPAA芯片所需功能,验证了电路的可行性;实验测试表明,该系统的刻度因子为25mV/(°)s-1,系统1h内的零偏稳定性为1.1351°/s;电路采用DIP封装可重复擦写的SPI EPROM配置FPAA芯片,能够快捷、有效地调试,且操作简单,可以作为理想的石英音叉陀螺的驱动与解调电路实验平台。     

微机械电容式加速度计读出电路研究与设计

为了提高电容式MEMS加速度计测量精度,设计了一种应用于MEMS加速度计微弱信号读出电路。读出电路由T型阻容网络放大电路、模拟开关解调电路和四阶带通滤波电路组成,通过Multisim软件仿真分析各模块电路原理并确定影响读出电路的主要因素,进一步优化确定元器件最佳参数,最后制作出PCB电路板并开展实验测试,实验结果表明微弱信号检测准确率达90%以上,能很好满足电容式MEMS加速度计微弱信号检测要求,同时该读出电路具有尺寸小、易调节、易于ASIC集成等特点,在微机械仪表的微小电容检测中有较高的实用价值。     

一种用于MEMS陀螺的高精度电容读出电路的设计

针对电容式MEMS陀螺,设计了一种高精度CMOS接口读出电路。从理论上分析了接口寄生电容、器件的不匹配对接口电路的影响,采用连续时间电压读出方式的检测方法,设计了一款带有输入输出共模反馈的低噪声全差分电荷运算放大器,输入输出共模电压稳定在2.5V,输入端的噪声电压为9nV。载波调制技术用来消除低频闪烁噪声。在Cadence中对设计的接口电路进行仿真分析,并采用PCB电路板进行了实验。结果显示所提出的接口电路不仅消除了大部分寄生电容的影响,抑制了大部分的耦合信号和噪声信号,而且减小了由于器件的不匹配产生的失调电压对电容分辨率的影响,电路Cadence仿真的电容分辨率可达0.13aF/(Hz)~1/2,能满足惯导级的需求。     

基于ASIC的石英音叉陀螺接口电路设计

石英音叉陀螺是振动型角速率传感器,广泛应用于精确制导、飞行器和稳定系统等军用领域,对其接口电路的现有的研究大部分还处于分立元器件PCB集成阶段,难以满足小尺寸、低功耗的现实应用需求。为此,设计一款基于ASIC专用芯片的陀螺接口电路,采用石英材料的音叉型敏感器件,实现高精度角速度测量。测试结果表明该电路在全温区具有较好的零偏稳定性,标度因数、非线性度、不对称度等重要参数均满足设计指标,达到预期效果。     

电容式微机械陀螺接口电路

接口电路是电容式微机械陀螺研制中的关键技术之一.给出了一种通用的电容式微机械陀螺接口电路方案.该方案包括电容检测和信号处理两个模块.相位相反幅度相同的两路高频载波加在敏感差动电容的两端形成敏感电桥,另一频率的高频载波叠加了驱动信号后加在驱动差动电容两端形成驱动电桥,质量块作为所有电容的公共端连接两电桥接虚地的放大器,构成前置电容检测模块;后续的带通滤波电路将驱动和敏感信号分离,各自解调滤波得到两个模态相应的振动信息,驱动振动对敏感振动再次解调即可得到和输入角速度信号成线性关系的直流电压.采用音叉电容式陀螺进行实验,结果表明该电路能够有效的能够有效的抑制寄生电容和各个接口电容之间电耦合的,电容分辨率可以达到10-15F.     

磁悬浮转子微陀螺的电容检测系统分析和实现

介绍了一种新型磁悬浮转子微陀螺的电容检测方案,其特点是检测定子上径向分布的电容极板和悬浮转子形成差动电容的变化.检测电路为基于相关检测原理的交流电容电桥的方法.电路实现中采用积分电荷放大器作为前置级,对其输出和噪声进行了深入的分析.之后,前置级的输出信号经过低噪声放大器进行放大,再通过带通滤波以及相关解调等电路实现检测系统需要的输出幅值和信噪比.实验证明,实现的检测系统对角度输入有较好的线性响应,角度分辨率达到0.1°,即可检测到的电容变化约为1fF.     

64×64元IRFPACMOS读出电路的研制

64×64元IRFPACMOS读出电路是为红外探测器配套使用的数据处理芯片,用于对红外探测器产生的信号进行积分采样并且串行输出.为提高灵敏度及改善信号质量,取样电路的源跟随器的两个NMOSFET采用了零开启电压;并且采用了双采样结构,用来减小噪声的影响.芯片的数字模块与模拟模块间用电源和电线进行了良好的隔离,减小了相互间的影响.电路工作电压10V,芯片面积5.6×7.9mm2.本文简述了电路功能,重点介绍了该电路的制造工艺,分析了工艺中的重点,即电路采用P型(100)单晶硅衬底、N阱CMOS双层多晶硅双阈值工艺.双层多晶硅用来制作芯片内的电容.第一层多晶硅仅用作电容下极板,第二层多晶硅作电容的上极板、栅和部分连线,为了保证电容值及击穿电压,双层多晶间的介质采用二氧化硅和氮化硅复合层介质等.     

一种低噪声的生物微传感器CMOS读出电路研究

为提高生物微传感器的探测灵敏度,设计了一种低噪声的生物微传感器CMOS读出电路,提出了一种新型的相关双采样(CDS)电路.对读出电路的噪声进行抑制.在0.6μm CMOS工艺下,用Spectre仿真器对该电路进行了模拟,仿真结果表明,采用相关双采样的CMOS读出电路使传感器的输入输出转换具有良好的线性关系.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.